Climate Justice: A Voice for the Future

457 Pages·2014·2.397 MB·English

by  Teresa M. Thorp (auth.)

Climate Justice
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Climate Justice
A Voice for the Future
Teresa M. Thorp
©TeresaM.Thorp2014
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-39463-7
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Firstpublished2014by
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ISBN 978-1-349-48400-3 ISBN 978-1-137-39464-4 (eBook)
DOI. 10.1057/9781137394644
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FromSeattletoCopenhagen,fromFunafutitoRio,tensof
thousandsofpeoplefromeverycorneroftheworldaremarchinginthe
streets.Beingsweptalonginthecrowds,Irealisedthateveryone
aroundmewasrallyingaroundthesamecause,justice.Whatstruck
methemostthoughwasthatnotasinglegovernmentknewhowto
respond,nordidthepeoplearoundmehavearuleoflawthatwas
capableofdoingso.
TeresaThorp,2008
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Contents
ListofTables xv
Preface xvi
ListofAbbreviations xviii
Introduction 1
I.1 Therationaleforadvancingactiononclimatechange 1
I.2 TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConvention
onClimateChange 3
I.3 Towardsalegaloutcomeapplicabletoall 5
I.4 Humandignity,humansecurityanduniversal
humanrights 7
I.5 Towardsconstitutionalgovernanceoftheglobal
commons 8
I.6 Normativelegitimacyandfulfilment 9
I.7 Systematicgovernancefailure 11
I.8 Governingcomplexsystems 13
I.9 NormativeconsensusbeyondtheState 14
I.10 Kaleidoscopicnormativity 16
I.11 Towardsanewprocess/approach/theory/doctrineof
globaljustice 19
I.12 Ring-fencingtheperimeters 21
Part I UnifyingtheParametersofClimateJustice
1 ScopeoftheWork 25
1.1 Mainpurpose 25
1.1.1 Governinglegalcomplexity 25
1.1.2 Framingclimatechangeasaconstitutionalissue 26
1.2 Afiduciarytheoryofgoverningtheglobalcommons 27
1.2.1 Onthepropermotivesofbeneficiaries 27
1.2.2 Anentrusteddutytoprotecthumanityinthe
globalcommons 29
1.3 Constitutionalismofinternationalclimatelaw 30
1.3.1 Constitutionalism:Meaningandrationale 30
1.3.2 Designaims 35
1.4 Backgroundtotheinquiry 38
1.4.1 Foundationalstudies 38
vii
viii Contents
1.4.2 Analyticalphilosophyandconstitutionalismof
legalprinciples 40
1.5 Pointsatissue 40
1.5.1 Limitsoftheinquiry 40
1.5.2 Courseofaction 41
2 OptimisingDynamicNormativeSystems 42
2.1 Introduction 42
2.2 Secondaryresearch–Literatureandlegaldoctrine 43
2.2.1 Fromrelativismtocongruity 43
2.2.2 Gapsinnormativeanalysis 44
2.2.3 Towardsacongruent“firstprinciples”
approach 46
2.3 Traitsandcharacteristicsof“jusgentium”principles 49
2.3.1 Ontheuniversalnatureofprinciples 49
2.3.2 Thedistinctionbetweensocialjusticeandlegal
justice 52
2.3.3 Onconscienceandmobilisationofthe
transcendentwill 53
2.4 Fundamentalprinciplesofgeneralinternationallaw 60
2.4.1 Positionandfunctionofgeneralprinciplesof
internationallaw 60
2.4.2 Legalprinciplesrelatingtoclimatechange 65
2.4.3 Towardsalawoftheglobalcommons 72
2.5 Universalenvironmentalprinciples 74
2.5.1 FromStockholmtoRio 75
2.5.2 “Rio+20” 79
2.5.3 Asurveyofcross-cuttingissues 80
2.6 Regionalenvironmentalprinciples 86
2.6.1 Europe 87
2.6.2 Africa 90
2.6.3 Fromregionalismtocongruouscollaborative
pluralism 101
2.7 Principlesengagingnon-Stateactors 102
2.7.1 Society’selitesandtheestablishment 102
2.7.2 Corporateincentives 103
2.7.3 Corporatecitizenship 104
2.8 Thenormativesystemofinternational
climatelaw 107
2.8.1 Contemporaryperspectives:Legalsystems 107
2.8.2 TheappropriatenessofUNFCCCprinciples 110
2.8.3 Optimisingnetworkedprinciples,rulesand
standards 112
2.9 Conclusion 114
Contents ix
3 What’sGoneWrong? 116
3.1 Introduction 116
3.2 Systemicorsystematicfailure? 117
3.2.1 Thedifferencebetweennormativesystemicand
systematicfailure 117
3.2.2 Limitationsofsystemicriskmanagement 118
3.2.3 Indicationsofsystematicfailure 120
3.3 Indecisionandabsenceofrobusttheory 121
3.3.1 Individualtransitiveandinvertiblerelations 121
3.3.2 Collectivewelfareandconsent 122
3.3.3 Fromtheindividualpreferencetothelegal
“ought” 124
3.4 Noarchitecturetolaunchaprocessfor2015 125
3.4.1 Frominventoryingnormstonormative
contextualisation 125
3.4.2 Opensystemsinterconnectionprotocolsuite 127
3.4.3 Avoidingharmfullayeringandharmful
optimisation 129
3.5 Researchinstruments 130
3.5.1 Comparativeresearchmethods 130
3.5.2 Caselawmethodforempiricalinquiry 131
3.5.3 Casestudymethodfornormativeinquiry 131
3.6 Constitutionaltheory 132
3.6.1 Legalhermeneuticsreplacesrelativism 132
3.6.2 Legalscienceandconstitutionalunification 133
3.6.3 Anemergingphilosophyoflegalscience 140
3.7 Systematics,universallawsandthelawofspecialregimes 143
3.7.1 Systematicsofthird-generationrightsand
obligations 143
3.7.2 Howdoesthescienceofspecialregimesobserve,
contextualiseandverifytherightobject? 145
3.7.3 Alignmentandorientation 146
3.8 Prognosis 148
3.8.1 Delimitingthescopeofsystematicreview 149
3.8.2 Establishmentandeffect 149
3.8.3 Derivativelegalproducts 150
3.9 Conclusion 150
Part II LaunchingaProcessApplicabletoAll
4 TheElements 155
4.1 Introduction 155
4.2 Preliminaries:Anoverviewoftheelements 155
4.3 Legalscienceandanalyticalconstruction 156