Climate Change Adaptation in Southeast Asia

243 Pages·2021·6.354 MB·English

by  Joy Jacqueline Pereira, Mohd Khairul Zain, Rajib Shaw

Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
Joy Jacqueline Pereira
Mohd Khairul Zain
Rajib Shaw   Editors
Climate
Change
Adaptation in
Southeast Asia
Disaster Risk Reduction
Methods, Approaches and Practices
SeriesEditor
RajibShaw,KeioUniversity,ShonanFujisawaCampus,Fujisawa,Japan
AbouttheSeries
Disaster risk reduction is a process that leads to the safety of communities and
nations. After the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe,
Japan, the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) was adopted as a framework for
risk reduction. The academic research and higher education in disaster risk reduc-
tion has made, and continues to make, a gradual shift from pure basic research
to applied, implementation-oriented research. More emphasis is being given to
multi-stakeholder collaboration and multi-disciplinary research. Emerging univer-
sitynetworksinAsia,Europe,Africa,andtheAmericashaveurgedprocess-oriented
research in the disaster risk reduction field. With this in mind, this new series
will promote the output of action research on disaster risk reduction, which will
be useful for a wide range of stakeholders including academicians, professionals,
practitioners, and students and researchers in related fields. The series will focus
onemergingneedsintheriskreductionfield,startingfromclimatechangeadapta-
tion,urbanecosystem,coastalriskreduction,educationforsustainabledevelopment,
community-basedpractices,riskcommunication,andhumansecurity,amongother
areas. Through academic review, this series will encourage young researchers and
practitioners to analyze field practices and link them to theory and policies with
logic,data,andevidence.Inthisway,theserieswillemphasizeevidence-basedrisk
reductionmethods,approaches,andpractices.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/11575
· ·
Joy Jacqueline Pereira Mohd Khairul Zain
Rajib Shaw
Editors
Climate Change Adaptation
in Southeast Asia
Editors
JoyJacquelinePereira MohdKhairulZain
SEADPRI SEADPRI
UniversityKebangsaanMalaysia UniversityKebangsaanMalaysia
Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia
RajibShaw
GraduateSchoolofMediaandGovernance
KeioUniversity
Fujisawa,Kanagawa,Japan
ISSN2196-4106 ISSN2196-4114 (electronic)
DisasterRiskReduction
ISBN978-981-16-6087-0 ISBN978-981-16-6088-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6088-7
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2022
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Foreword
TheASEANWorkingGrouponClimateChange(AWGCC)andtheASEAN-India
GreenFundsupportedtheprojecton“EnhancingLocalLevelClimateChangeAdap-
tationinSoutheastAsia”(Phase1)toconductaneedsassessmentandscopingstudy
ofASEANMemberStates(AMS)withrespecttoclimatechangeadaptationandto
developaregionalclimatechangeadaptationworkprogrammeandnetwork.Admin-
isteredbytheASEANSecretariat,theinitialphaseoftheASEAN-IndiaGreenFund
Projectconsistedofaninceptionworkshopandafinalplanningworkshop,withthe
needsassessmentandscopingstudyinbetween.Ihadthepleasureofjointlyleading
theProjectwithProf.JoyJacquelinePereirafromUniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia’s
SoutheastAsiaDisasterPreventionResearchInitiative(SEADPRI-UKM).
TheInceptionWorkshoponEnhancingClimateChangeAdaptationwasheldin
February2015inBangi,SelangorinMalaysia,andtheFinalPlanningWorkshopwas
held in October 2015 in Manila, The Philippines. Representatives of the National
Focal Points of the AWGCC participated in both the workshops. The final report
on needs assessment and scoping study and establishment of the ASEAN Partner
Institutions on Climate Change Adaptation (ASEANadapt) was endorsed by the
AWGCC in 2016. Since then, all ASEAN Member States have ratified the Paris
Agreementandcommunicated theirNationallyDeterminedContributions (NDCs)
totheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).
IamproudtonotethatmembersoftheASEANadapthavecontinuedtocollabo-
rateovertheyearstoadvancelocallevelclimatechangeadaptationintheregion,with
support from SEADPRI-UKM, the Asian Network on Climate Science and Tech-
nology(ANCST)andotherpartners.Membersexchangeinformationongoodprac-
ticesandcommunicationonaregularbasisandseveralhaveengagedwiththeInter-
governmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Clearly,thecapacityofresearchers
intheregionisexpanding.Thisbookisanoutcomeofthatcontinuouscollaboration.
It provides a current snapshot of science, policy and challenges related to climate
change adaptation intheregion.Thefindings ofthestakeholder consultations that
were conducted in each AMS under the ASEAN-India Green Fund Project have
highlightedpotentiallocallevelpilotsforfurtherfunding.Thisisnowmorerelevant
inthepost-ParisAgreementcontextandfastchangingclimatechangescenario.
v
vi Foreword
In2018,theIPCCreportedthatSoutheastAsiaisprojectedtobechallengedby
extreme climate temperatures and precipitation as well as disaster risks associated
withthischange.Climatechangeanddisasterriskreductiontendtobedeliberated
separatelyininternationalplatforms.Thishascontributedtothedisconnectthatis
currently prevalent in national systems within the region. The reality is that at the
locallevel,theissuesareinterlinkedandconnectedtosustainabledevelopment.We
areallawarethattherearemanyadaptationoptionsthatcanbenefitandbesynergistic
withclimatechangemitigationandalsoservedisasterriskreduction.Byfocusingon
thelocallevel,asdonebyeachAMSundertheASEAN-IndiaGreenFundProject,
thereisanopportunitytoimplementintegratedresponsesthatlinktheseaspectsas
wellasothersocietalobjectivesrelatedtosustainabledevelopment.Wehavelaida
foundationforAMStobearesilientandsustainable.Thisbookisavaluableone-stop
resourcethatdocumentsourefforts.IwouldliketopersonallycomplementProf.Joy
JacquelinePereiraforprovidingleadershipandcoordinatingASEANadaptbeyond
theASEAN-IndiaGreenFundProject.
N.H.Ravindranath
ProjectLeader,ASEAN-IndiaGreen
FundProject
IndianInstituteofScienceBangalore
Bangalore,India
Preface
Climatechangeadaptationisameanstoadjusttothelong-termimpactsofclimate
change, while disaster risk reduction is critical for managing the near-term effects
of climate variability. Both climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction
are essentialfor building community resilience. Climate change adaptation can be
enhanced through complementary actions across all levels, from national, state or
provincialgovernmentstolocaladministrations.Stakeholderengagementiscritical
at all levels. The role of national governments is to provide strong coordination
for adaptation efforts at the sub-national levels and ensure that all relevant stake-
holders are engaged at each stage. National governments can facilitate adaptation
actions by providing a comprehensive policy framework, legal support, adequate
resourcesandappropriateinformation.Localgovernments,academia,civilsociety,
non-government organizations and the private sector have to play an increasingly
importantroleinadvancingclimatechangeadaptationandlinkingittodisasterrisk
reduction.
Thisbookhas11chapterswherethefirstchapterprovidesanoverviewofclimate
change and key linkages to disaster risk reduction in Southeast Asia, while the
remaining chapters offer a snapshot of the status of science and policy in each of
theASEANMembersStates(AMS)inthiscontext.Eachchapterspotlightsnational
policies relevant to climate change adaptation, linkages to disaster risk reduction,
vulnerableecosystemsandregions,keymeasures,prioritysectorsandchallengesin
therespectivecountries.Informationfromgovernmentdocumentshavebeensupple-
mentedwithmaterialfromscientificpublications.Findingsofthestakeholderconsul-
tationstodelineateadaptationprioritiesintherespectiveAMS,whichwasconducted
undertheASEAN-IndiaGreenFundProjecton“EnhancingClimateChangeAdap-
tationinSoutheastAsia”(Phase1),arealsohighlighted.Pilotsthatwereproposed
forfurtherfundingineachoftheAMSarealsodocumented.
TheEditorswouldliketorecordtheirgratitudetotheASEANWorkingGroup
onClimateChange,ASEAN-IndiaGreenFundProjectLeaderfromIndia,Prof.N.
H. Ravindranath and the Government of India for their contribution and engage-
mentinenhancingclimatechangeadaptationinSoutheastAsia.Thesupportofthe
ASEANSecretariat,AsianNetworkonClimateScienceandTechnology(ANCST),
vii
viii Preface
Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), Asian Science, Tech-
nology and Academic Group (ASTAAG), Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
(IISc.Bangalore),UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia’sSoutheastAsiaDisasterPreven-
tionResearchInitiative(SEADPRI-UKM)andotherpartners,inconveningcapacity
buildingworkshopsisalsoacknowledged.Thefollowingreviewersarethankedfor
theirassistance:Prof.VinodK.Sharma(IndianInstituteofPublicAdministration),
Dr.RamanLetchumanan(formerlyoftheASEANSecretariat),Dr.SugengTriutomo
(IndonesiaDefenseUniversity),Ms.AntoniaYuloLoyzaga(ManilaObservatory),
Dr.TakakoIzumi(AssociationofPacificRimUniversities,APRU),Prof.ShiPeijun
(UN-ISDRAsiaScienceTechnologyAcademiaAdvisoryGroup,ASTAAG).
Thebookiswrittenforstudents,researchers,academics,policymakersanddevel-
opment practitioners in the field of climate change adaptation and disaster risks
studies.Wehopethattheywillfindthebookbeneficialandrelevanttotheirwork.
KualaLumpur,Malaysia JoyJacquelinePereira
KualaLumpur,Malaysia MohdKhairulZain
Kanagawa,Japan RajibShaw
About This Book
This book provides an overview of climate change adaptation in ten ASEAN
Members States (AMS). The chapters have been prepared by members of the
ASEAN Partner Institutions on Climate Change Adaptation (ASEANadapt). The
ASEANadaptresultedfromtheASEAN-IndiaGreenFundProjecton“Enhancing
Climate Change Adaptation in Southeast Asia” (Phase 1), an initiative under the
aegisoftheASEANWorkingGrouponClimateChange(AWGCC)managedbythe
ASEANSecretariat.
The book draws on government documents and scientific publications to spot-
lightnationalpoliciesrelevanttoclimatechangeadaptation,linkagestodisasterrisk
reduction, vulnerable ecosystems and regions, key measures, priority sectors and
challenges.Adaptationprioritiesweredelineatedthroughstakeholderconsultations
intherespectiveAMSandpotentialpilotshavebeenhighlightedforfunding.
Coveringaspectsofclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterrisks,thisbookisa
valuableone-stopresourceonthestatusofscienceandpolicyinSoutheastAsiafor
students,researchers,academics,policymakersanddevelopmentpractitioners,who
willbeabletoapplytheknowledgeforinformeddecision-making.
ix