Clean Technology Applications in Tourism Accommodation

184 Pages·2010·5.54 MB·English

R E S E A R C H I N F O R M I N G P L A N N I N G A N D P R A C T I C E
Clean Technology Applications in
Tourism Accommodation
A BEST PrAcTicE MAnuAl
JunE 2010

APEC Tourism Working grouP
www.crctourism.com.au
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION

Clean Technology in Tourist Accommodation: A Best 
Practice Manual 

APEC TOURISM WORKING GROUP

AUTHORS
Jane Daly, John Glassmire, Edward Langham and Michael Paddon,
Institute For Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney

PUBLISHED JUNE 2010
By Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre 2010
Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University QLD 4222 Australia
A Best Practice Manual

© APEC Secretariat 2010
APEC Publication number: APEC#210-TC-03.3
APEC Secretariat
Tel [phone] | Fax [phone]
35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616
Published June 2010 by Sustainable Tourism Cooperative
Research Centre 2010
Prepared by
Jane Daly, John Glassmire, Edward Langham and Michael Paddon,
Institute For Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney

National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Entry

Title: Clean Technology in Tourist Accommodation: a best practice manual /
Jane Daly ... [et al.].

ISBNs: 9781921785115 (pbk), 9781921785610 (pdf).

Other Authors/Contributors: Daly, Jane.
University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for Sustainable Futures.

This manual is the result of extensive research undertaken for the APEC Tourism Working
Group for a project entitled IDENTIFICATION OF BEST PRACTICES IN THE USE OF
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AS A MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY IN HOSTELRY.
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CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES_________________________________________________________________ 4
TABLE OF FIGURES ______________________________________________________________ 4
ABBREVIATIONS_________________________________________________________________ 5
ABBREVIATIONS_________________________________________________________________ 5
GLOSSARY ____________________________________________________________________ 7
ABOUT THIS MANUAL_____________________________________________________________ 8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ____________________________________________________________ 8
1 INTRODUCTION_____________________________________________________________ 9
2 WHY USE CLEAN ENERGY? _________________________________________________ 12
3 MAKING BEST USE OF CLEAN ENERGY: HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL______________ 17
4 CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES: REDUCING OR MANAGING THE ENERGY NEEDED 29
5 USING CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPLY ENERGY____________________________ 56
6 DEVELOPING AN APPROACH TO CLEAN TECHNOLOGY: WHAT ONE HOTEL OR HOSTEL
CAN DO_______________________________________________________________________ 81
7 FACILITATING CLEAN ENERGY IN TOURISM ACCOMMODATION: WHAT CAN BE DONE
BY HOTELS AND TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS WORKING TOGETHER ___________________ 88
8 APPENDIX A: CASE STUDIES _______________________________________________ 108
SELECTING CASE STUDIES_______________________________________________________ 108
THE CASE STUDIES ____________________________________________________________ 108
9 APPENDIX B: ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AND LINKS ___________________________ 174
RESOURCES FOR WHOLE MANUAL _________________________________________________ 174
RESOURCES FOR PARTICULAR TECHNOLOGIES OR APPROACHES___________________________ 174
10 APPENDIX C: OPTIONS FOR CREATING FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES_____________ 179
PRE-EXISTING GOVERNMENT FUNDING ______________________________________________ 179
PROMOTING GREEN FINANCE PRODUCTS ____________________________________________ 179
BULK BUYING SCHEMES_________________________________________________________ 179
LEASING/THIRD PARTY OWNERSHIP ________________________________________________ 180
CARBON TRADING MARKETS______________________________________________________ 180
GRANT/DONOR FUNDING OPTIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES __________________________ 181
MICROFINANCE FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES_________________________________________ 182
A Best Practice Manual

List of Tables

Table 1 Alternatives to inefficient lighting_________________________________________________ 50

Table of Figures

Figure 1 The three fundamental components of clean energy ________________________________ 14
Figure 2 Sustainability is achieved when environmental, social and economic considerations are all in
balance __________________________________________________________________________ 15
Figure 3 Example of total energy consumed in a hotel ______________________________________ 20
Figure 4 Tourism stakeholders ________________________________________________________ 25
Figure 5 Combined heat and power system ______________________________________________ 60
Figure 6 Heating and cooling processes of a geothermal system______________________________ 63
Figure 7 Solar water heating process ___________________________________________________ 75
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CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION

Abbreviations
AC Alternating current
AHA Australian Hotels Association
AICST APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
BAS Building automation System
BMS Building management system
CCHP Combined cooling heating and power
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CFL Compact fluorescent light
CHP Combined heat and power
CREED China Rural Energy Enterprises Development
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
DC Direct current
DNA Designated National Authority
DVD Digital video disk
EE Energy Efficiency
EMS Energy management system
FIT Feed in tariff
FONAFIFO Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal
GDP Gross domestic product
GHG Greenhouse gas emissions
GSTC Global sustainable tourism criteria
HMAA Hotel Motel and Accommodation Association of Australia
HSPF Heating seasonal performance factor
HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
HW Hot water
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
ICT Information and communication technology
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IREC Interstate Renewable Energy Council (USA)
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
KITE Kumasi Institute for Technology and Environment
kV Kilovolts
kW Kilowatts
kWh Kilowatt hours
LED Light emitting diode
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LPG Liquid petroleum gas
MARTI Mesoamerican Reef Tourism Initiative
MINCETUR Peruvian Ministry of Tourism
MJ Megajoules
MtCO2-e Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
NGO Non-governmental organisation
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
PPA Power purchase agreement

PV Photovoltaic
RBC Rural business centre
RE Renewable energy
REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership
SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association
A Best Practice Manual

STCRC Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre
TBL Triple bottom line
tCO2-e Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNF United Nations Foundation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USD United States Dollars
USDA US Department of Agriculture

USDoE US Department of Energy
V Volts

VER Voluntary emissions reduction

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CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION

Glossary
AC Alternating current
AHA Australian Hotels Association
AICST APEC International Centre for Sustainable Tourism
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
BAS Building automation System
BMS Building management system
CCHP Combined cooling heating and power
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
CFL Compact fluorescent light
CHP Combined heat and power
CREED China Rural Energy Enterprises Development
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
DC Direct current
DNA Designated National Authority
DVD Digital video disk
EE Energy Efficiency
EMS Energy management system
FIT Feed in tariff
FONAFIFO Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento Forestal
GDP Gross domestic product
GHG Greenhouse gas emissions
GSTC Global sustainable tourism criteria
HMAA Hotel Motel and Accommodation Association of Australia
HSPF Heating seasonal performance factor
HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
HW Hot water
IADB Inter-American Development Bank
ICT Information and communication technology
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IREC Interstate Renewable Energy Council (USA)
ISO International Organisation for Standardization
KITE Kumasi Institute for Technology and Environment
kV Kilovolts
kW Kilowatts
kWh Kilowatt hours
LED Light emitting diode
LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
LPG Liquid petroleum gas
MARTI Mesoamerican Reef Tourism Initiative
MINCETUR Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism
MJ Megajoules
MtCO2-e Million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
NGO Non-governmental organisation
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
PPA Power purchase agreement

PV Photovoltaic
RBC Rural business centre
RE Renewable energy
REEEP Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership
SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association
STCRC Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre
TBL Triple bottom line
A Best Practice Manual

tCO2-e Tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gases  
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNF United Nations Foundation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USD United States Dollars
USDA US Department of Agriculture

USDoE US Department of Energy
V Volts
VER Voluntary emissions reduction

About This Manual
This manual was produced by researchers at the Institute for Sustainable Futures at the, University of
Technology, Sydney for the APEC Tourism Working Group. The Project Coordinator was the
Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (MINCETUR) and the APEC International Centre for
Sustainable Tourism (AICST) in conjunction with the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research
Centre (STCRC) managed the research.
Acknowledgements
The authors of this manual would like to acknowledge the important contributions made by the
following people:
• From the Institute of Sustainable Futures, ISF, research on specific technologies, approaches
and case studies was contributed by Nicky Ison, Chris Cooper, Tom Boyle, Tim Brennan,
Melissa Jackson, Katie Ross and Aleta Lederwasch.
• Nicolette Boele and Maryanne Cantwell documented the information provided by the majority
of our case studies and contacted the case study facilities for further information and
verification.
• Jonathon Day, Assistant Professor, Hospitality and Tourism Management, Purdue University
provided guidance in sustainable tourism, green hotels, and links to several case studies.
• Piotr Zientara and Paulina Bohdanowicz contributed their work with greening the hotels and
advice on best practice.
• Ian Kean, A.J. Bromley, and Karen Brindley from AICST and the STCRC provided support
during the duration of the project.
• Dulce Acosta, Julio Chan, Eduardo Sevilla of MINCETUR, Peru, organised and made
significant contributions to the Workshop held in Cusco, Peru, in March 2010.
• Representatives from APEC economies, the Philippines, Malaysia, Chile, Peru, Indonesia,
and New Zealand, participated in the workshop in March 2010.
• Monique Retamal, Dustin Moore and John Vasco provided assistance in Spanish translation
of documents.
• Owners and operators of the case study hotels and resorts provided and/or verified
information.
• Carolyn Szum at ICF International working in support of the USAID US-China Sustainable
Buildings Partnership (SBP).
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CLEAN TECHNOLOGY IN TOURIST ACCOMMODATION

1 INTRODUCTION
This manual provides information and guidance on clean energy technologies and approaches for
tourist accommodation. The main goal in producing the manual is to promote clean energy in small to
medium accommodation establishments and to assist the future development of regional and rural
accommodation in APEC economies. The overall aim is to raise awareness among APEC economies
about the opportunities for application and use of clean energy.

The manual showcases and draws lessons from good practice in the use of clean energy in tourist
accommodation around the world. It is designed to assist people who make decisions about hotel and
other tourist accommodation and about the facilities in tourism destinations to:
• better understand what good practice in clean energy in the accommodation sector means
• determine what clean energy elements might be locally appropriate, and
• increase uptake of these locally appropriate options.

Although the technical details of clean energy can be complex and require expert consultation, the
fundamental concepts central to developing high quality clean energy initiatives are accessible to any
local decision maker looking to harness the benefits of clean energy. The manual is designed to
assist a range of local decision makers in the transition to a more affordable, reliable, environmentally
friendly and locally appropriate energy system. It deals with energy used in hotels and
accommodation for heating and cooling, lighting, cooking and other ‘internal needs’ but does not
cover related accommodation activities, such as transportation.
1.1 How the Manual Has Been Produced
The manual has been produced in three phases:
1.1.1 Phase one
The research team at the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF) in consultation with the Sustainable
Tourism Cooperative Research Centre (STCRC) and the APEC International Centre for Sustainable
Tourism (AICST) developed a framework for understanding the key issues and barriers to the
introduction of clean energy in hotels and tourist accommodation facilities, based on ISF’s
organisational expertise in clean energy systems and the principles of sustainable tourism.

The framework was further developed through reviewing relevant international literature. From the
framework a template was prepared to obtain information from APEC economies on best practice
examples in the use and management of clean energy technologies in hotels and smaller-scale rural
and remote accommodation establishments.

The template was then circulated to APEC economies to collect information on best practice case
studies. At the same time ISF researchers used the template to identify other best practice case
studies in countries inside and outside APEC.

The research framework and the case studies on the direct experience of hotels and small-scale
accommodation providers were used to identify what should be included in a best practice manual for
application in APEC economies.
1.1.2 Phase two
The framework for the manual, indicating the overall approach, the general contents and how it could
be used, plus the coverage of case studies, was presented at an international workshop organised by
the Peruvian Ministry of Tourism, MINCETUR, on behalf of the APEC Tourism Working Group, in
Cusco, Peru on March 23rd and 24th 2010.
1.1.3 Phase three
The final phase of the project has been to prepare this manual to include results of the research and
outcomes of the workshop in Peru.