Classical Mythology

850 Pages·2002·21.27 MB·English

by  Mark P. O. Morford

CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY

CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
SEVENTH EDITION
MARK P. O. MORFORD
University of Virginia, Emeritus
ROBERT J. LENARDON
The Ohio State University, Emeritus
NEW YORK OXFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
2003
Oxford University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data
Morford, Mark P. O., 1929-
Classical mythology / Mark P.O. Morford, Robert J. Lenardon—7th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN O-19-515344-8 (alk. paper)
I. Mythology, Classical. I. Lenardon, Robert J., 1928- II. Title.
BL723 .M67 2003
292.l'3—dc2I
2002025270
Printing number: 9876543
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Dedicated to the memory of
WILLIAM ROBERT JONES
teacher, scholar, and friend

CONTENTS
PLATES, MAPS, AND FIGURES ix
PREFACE xiii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvii
PART ONE THE MYTHS OF CREATION: THE GODS
1 Interpretation and Definition of Classical Mythology 3
Appendix to Chapter I: Sources for Classical Mythology 26
2 Historical Background of Greek Mythology 39
3 Myths of Creation 51
Additional Reading: Hesiod and the Muses (Theogony, I—115) 71
4 Zeus' Rise to Power: The Creation of Mortals 76
Additional Reading: Parallels in Myths of Greece and
the Ancient Near East 98
5 The Twelve Olympians: Zeus, Hera, and Their Children 108
6 The Nature of the Gods 128
7 Poseidon, Sea Deities, Group Divinities, and Monsters 147
8 Athena 157
9 Aphrodite and Eros 171
10 Artemis 200
Additional Reading: Selections from Euripides' Hippolytus 212
11 Apollo 226
Additional Reading: The Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo 246
12 Hermes 257
13 Dionysus, Pan, Echo, and Narcissus 274
14 Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries 307
15 Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades 328
16 Orpheus and Orphism: Mystery Religions in Roman Times 354
vii
Vlll CONTENTS
PART TWO THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LEGENDS
17 The Theban Saga 375
18 The Mycenaean Saga 4.04
Additional Reading: Orestes and the Three Electras 416
19 The Trojan Saga and the Iliad 436
20 The Returns and the Odyssey 482
21 Perseus and the Legends of Argos 505
22 Heracles 519
23 Theseus and the Legends of Attica 54&
24 Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts 573
Additional Reading: Jason and Medea in Euripides 589
25 Myths of Local Heroes and Heroines 602
PART THREE THE NATURE OF ROMAN MYTHOLOGY
26 Roman Mythology and Saga 623
PART FOUR THE SURVIVAL OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
27 Classical Mythology in Literature and Art 667
28 Classical Mythology in Music, Dance, and Film 705
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 763
GLOSSARY OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORDS AND PHRASES IN ENGLISH 764
THE GREEK SPELLING OF NAMES yy6
INDEXES I-I
A. INDEX OF AUTHORS, COMPOSERS, AND TITLES I-I
B. GLOSSARY/INDEX OF MYTHOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSONS,
PLACES, AND SUBJECTS I-14