Table Of ContentESSENTIAL
CLARK’S
GUIDE TO
CLINICAL
ULTR ASOUND
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 11 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
ESSENTIAL
CLARK’ S
GUIDE TO
CLINICAL
ULTRASOUND
Jan Dodgeon
Former Senior Lecturer and Programme Leader
University of Salford, UK
Associate Professor
Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
Gill Harrison
Professional Officer for Ultrasound
Society and College of Radiographers
London, UK
Series Editor for Clark’s Companion Essential Guides:
A Stewart Whitley
ISRRT Director of Professional Practice & Radiology Advisor
UK Radiology Advisory Services
Preston, Lancashire, UK
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 33 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
© 2023 Jan Dodgeon and Gill Harrison
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any
legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear
that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to
them and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained
in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals and is provided strictly as a
supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical
history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid
advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be
independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug
companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering
or utilising any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a
particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of
the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients
appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material
reproduced in this publication and apologise to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not
been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may
rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted,
or utilised in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400.
For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected]
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
ISBN: 9780367775087 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780367771164 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003171706 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/ 9781003171706
Typeset in Linotype Berling LT Std
by Evolution Design & Digital
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 44 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
CONTENTS
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations xix
Chapter 1 Principles of sonography 1
Overview of diagnostic ultrasound 2
Patient preparation and care 21
Safety considerations 26
References 34
Chapter 2 The upper abdominal organs 39
The pancreas 43
The liver and biliary system 48
The portal venous system 55
The spleen 58
References 63
Chapter 3 The renal tract 67
The kidneys 68
The urinary bladder 78
References 84
Chapter 4 The male reproductive system 87
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate gland 88
The scrotum and testes 92
The penis 103
References 105
v
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 55 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
Contents
Chapter 5 The gastro intestinal (GI) tract 107
The salivary glands 108
The adult GI tract 112
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) 117
The neonatal GI tract 121
References 124
Chapter 6 The endocrine system –
thyroid and adrenal glands 127
The thyroid gland 128
The adrenal glands 135
References 139
Chapter 7 The female reproductive system 141
Gynaecological ultrasound 142
Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) 152
Assisted reproduction 157
References 161
Chapter 8 Obstetric ultrasound 165
Overview 166
Early pregnancy assessment 169
First trimester 175
Second trimester 179
Third trimester 188
References 194
Chapter 9 Breast u ltrasound 197
Greyscale, Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) 198
Elastography 204
Volume scanning 206
References 209
vi
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 66 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
Contents
Chapter 10 The cardiov ascular system 211
The aorta 212
The extracranial arterial supply to the brain 217
Peripheral arterial – lower limb 223
Peripheral arterial – upper limb 230
Peripheral venous – lower limb 232
Peripheral venous – upper limb 237
Echocardiography 239
Transoesophageal echocardiography 249
Intravascular ultrasound 252
References 255
Chapter 11 The respiratory system – lungs 257
The lungs 258
References 265
Chapter 12 The central nervous system –
eye and brain 267
Ocular ultrasound 268
The neonatal brain 272
References 278
Chapter 13 Musculo skeletal ultrasound 279
The shoulder 280
The elbow 285
The wrist and hand 289
The paediatric hip joint 294
The knee 303
The ankle and foot 308
Ultrasound-guided interventions 314
References 318
vii
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 77 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
Contents
Chapter 14 Emergency and interventional ultrasound 321
Emergency ultrasound: FAST 322
Interventional ultrasound 330
References 335
Chapter 15 Additional technologies 337
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) 338
Fusion imaging 341
Artifcial intelligence (AI) in ultrasound 344
References 349
Index 351
viii
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 88 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
FOREWORD
It has been a delight to witness the development and publication of
Clark’s Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound. This latest addition to
the Clark’s series of pocket and desktop books is a testament to the
skills, knowledge and dedication of the authors who are key members
of the radiography profession and who have at heart the desire to share
their knowledge and experience with sonographers at the start of their
career and those who seek to further their knowledge.
Miss K C Clark, I am sure, would welcome this important addition
to the series which has its origins in the recently published Clark’s
Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging (A System-Based Approach) which
included the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of many diseases and
conditions. This book, however, is dedicated specifically to the use of
sonography and will be a valuable aid and resource for the diagnostic/
medical ultrasound, radiography and healthcare communities.
This book conveys to its readers an immense amount of important
knowledge that is current and relevant and essential to modern-day
sonographic practice.
The patient must surely benefit by this publication.
A Stewart Whitley
Series Editor
ISRRT Director of Professional Practice &
Radiology Advisor
UK Radiology Advisory Services
Preston, Lancashire, UK
ix
CCllaarrkk’’ss UUllttrraassoouunndd..iinnddbb 99 1100//1111//22002222 1111::2222
