Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons

2609 Pages·2011·44 MB·English

Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51
’
Clarke s Analysis of
Drugs and Poisons
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51
’
Clarke s Analysis of
Drugs and Poisons
in pharmaceuticals, body fluids and
postmortem material
FOURTH EDITION
Consulting Editors
Anthony C Moffat
M David Osselton
Brian Widdop
Executive Development Editor
Jo Watts
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51
PublishedbyPharmaceuticalPress
1LambethHighStreet,LondonSE17JN,UK
1559StPaulAvenue,Gurnee,IL60031,USA
#PharmaceuticalPress2011
Chapter13:Figures13.1–13.21,13.25–13.32#TICTACCommunications
isatrademarkofPharmaceuticalPress
PharmaceuticalPressisthepublishingdivisionoftheRoyalPharmaceuticalSociety
Firstedition,editedbyEGCClarke,published1969(Vol.1)and1975(Vol.2)
Secondedition(inonevolume)published1986
Thirdeditionpublished2004
Fourtheditionpublished2011
TypesetbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India
PrintedinItalybyLEGOS.p.A.
ISBN9780853697114
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,
ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyright
holder.
Thepublishermakesnorepresentation,expressorimplied,withregardtotheaccuracyofthe
informationcontainedinthisbookandcannotacceptanylegalresponsibilityorliabilityforany
errorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:20:30:51
Contents
VOLUME1 15 NaturalToxins 243
JFdeWolff
EditorialAdvisoryBoard vii
FAdeWolff
EditorialandProductionStaff viii
Contributors ix
16 Pesticides 258
AbouttheEditors xi MKała
Foreword xii
Preface xiii 17 MetalsandAnions 288
GeneralNotices xv RBraithwaite
Abbreviations xix
18 DrugsinSaliva 308
VSpiehler
PartOne:Chapters
19 HairAnalysis 323
1 HospitalToxicology 3
PKintz
DRAUges
20 MethodDevelopmentandValidation 334
2 TherapeuticDrugMonitoring 59
FTPeters
MHallworth
21 QualityControlinthePharmaceuticalIndustry 350
3 WorkplaceDrugTesting 73
PGraham
AVerstraete
MPeat 22 QualityControlandAccreditationintheToxicology
Laboratory 361
4 DrivingUndertheInfluenceofAlcohol 87
ACMoffat
AWJones
23 MeasuringandReportingUncertainty 371
5 DrivingUndertheInfluenceofDrugs 115
MALeBeau
BKLogan
MDOsselton 24 PharmacokineticsandMetabolism 388
OHDrummer
6 DrugTestinginHumanSport 127
DACowan 25 Pharmacogenomics 401
SHYWong
7 DrugTestinginAnimalSport 138
PTeale 26 InterpretationofToxicologicalData 417
OHDrummer
8 Drug-facilitatedSexualAssault 147
SKarch
MDOsselton
27 PaediatricToxicology 429
9 ForensicToxicology 160
DReith
MDOsselton
ACMoffat 28 Sampling,StorageandStability 445
BWiddop SKerrigan
10 PostmortemToxicology 176 29 Extraction 458
GJones TStimpfl
11 DrugsofAbuse 190 30 ColourTests 471
SDMcDermott BWiddop
12 MedicinalProducts 208 31 Immunoassays 496
ACMoffat RSNiedbala
AGDavidson JMGonzalez
13 SolidDosageFormIdentification 219 32 Ultraviolet,VisibleandFluorescenceSpectrophotometry 507
JRamsey JCordonnier
JSchaep
14 VolatileSubstances 230
RJFlanagan 33 InfraredSpectroscopy 521
RDJee
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
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vi Contents
34 Near-infraredSpectroscopy 538 44 EmergingTechniques 787
RDJee DRudd
35 RamanSpectroscopy 553 SubjectIndex Ii
DEBugay
PAMartoglioSmith VOLUME2
FCThorley
36 NuclearMagneticResonanceSpectroscopy 564 PartTwo:Monographs 807
JCLindon
JKNicholson
PartThree:IndexesofAnalyticalData
37 MassSpectrometry 577
CASNumbers 2263
DWatson
MolecularFormulae 2278
38 LiquidChromatography–MassSpectrometry 594 FunctionalClasses:Therapeutic 2305
FunctionalClasses:Pesticides 2315
HHMaurer
FunctionalClasses:OtherSubstances 2317
39 Thin-layerChromatography 600 MolecularWeights 2328
CFPoole MeltingPoints 2342
ColourTests 2353
40 GasChromatography 636 Thin-layerChromatographicData 2358
SDawling GasChromatographicData 2392
HighPerformanceLiquidChromatographicData 2410
41 HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography 718 UltravioletAbsorptionData 2427
TKupiec InfraredPeaks 2442
PKemp MassSpectralDataofDrugs 2451
MassSpectralDataofPesticides 2460
42 CapillaryElectrophoresis 758
Reagents 2461
FTagliaro
PharmacologicalTerms 2463
AFanigliulo
JPascali
FBortolotti
SubjectIndex Ii
43 AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy,InductivelyCoupled
Plasma–MassSpectrometryandOtherTechniquesfor
MeasuringtheConcentrationsofMetals 773
ATaylor
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:10:1:25
Editorial Advisory Board
DrCraigChatterton DrJan-PietFranke DrChristineMoore
CNCForensicToxicologyServices,c/o7Sawley DepartmentofPharmaceuticalAnalysis, ImmunalysisCorporation,829TowneCentre
Close,Darwen,LancashireBB33QY,UK UniversityofGroningen,ADeusinglaan1, Drive,Pomona,CA91767,USA
9713AVGroningen,TheNetherlands
DrHee-SunChung DrSuePaterson
NationalForensicService(formallyNISI), ProfessorBruceGoldberger ToxicologyUnit,ImperialCollege,St
331-1Sinwol7-Dong,YangChun-Ku,Seoul UniversityofFlorida–CollegeofMedicine, Dunstan’sRoad,LondonW68RP,UK
158-097,Korea DepartmentofPathologyandLaboratory
Medicine,4800SW35thDrive,Gainesville,FL MrChipHWalls
DrGailCooper 32608,USA ForensicToxicologyLaboratory,12500SW
ForensicMedicineandScience,Universityof 152NdStreet,BldgB,Miami,FL33177,USA
Glasgow,ScotlandG128QQ,UK
DrRodneyGGullberg
WashingtonStateToxicologyLaboratory,2203
MrSimonCosbey AirportWayS,Suite360,Seattle,WA98134,
5ACarnaleaAveue,BangorBT191HF,
USA
NorthernIreland
DrDanSIsenschmid
DrSimonElliott
WayneCountyMedicalExaminer’sOffice,
(ROAR)Forensics,Ltd,MalvernHillsScience
1300EWarrenAvenue,Detroit,MI48207,
Park,Malvern,Worcestershire,WR143SZ,UK
USA
vii
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
ChapterNo. Dated:18/3/2011 AtTime:10:1:25
Editorial and Production Staff
EmmaBurrows JeanMacpherson FreelanceStaff
HelenCarter JulieMcGlashan
IreneChiwele
TamsinCousins LouiseMcIndoe
MillieDavis
AmyCruse ItharMalik
LaurentYGalichet
SimonDunton JasonNorman
PoppyMcLaughlin
MarianFenton KarlParsons
EvaReichardt
KellyDavey The Prescribers, The School of Pharmacy,
RebeccaGarner London,UK Ateamofdedicatedcopyeditors,proofrea-
AustinGibbons JoWatts dersandindexersalsohelpedintheprepara-
tionofthispublication.
DavidGranger LucyWhite
JoHumm JohnWilson
viii
Clarke'sAnalysisofDrugsandPoisons
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Contributors
DrFedericaBortolotti MrMikeHallworth DrSeanDMcDermott
DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity DepartmentofClinicalBiochemistry,Royal DrugsIntelligenceUnit,ForensicScience
Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine, ShrewsburyHospital,Shrewsbury,UK Laboratory,Dublin,Ireland
UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy
DrRogerDJee ProfessorAnthonyCMoffat
DrRobinABraithwaite TheSchoolofPharmacy,Universityof Formerly,RoyalPharmaceuticalSocietyof
RegionalToxicologyLaboratory,CityHospital London,UK GreatBritainand,TheSchoolofPharmacy,
NHSTrust,Birmingham,UK UniversityofLondon,London,UK
DrGrahamJones
OfficeofChiefMedicalExaminer,Edmonton,
DrDavidEBugay ProfessorJeremyKNicholson
Canada
SSCIInc.,WestLafayette,USA DepartmentofSurgeryandCancer,Imperial
CollegeofScience,TechnologyandMedicine,
DrAWayneJones
DrJanCordonnier London,UK
NationalBoardofForensicMedicine,
Dorpsstaat106,B-8340Sysele-Damme,
DepartmentofForensicChemistry,
Belgium Linkoping,Sweden DrRSamNiedbala
DepartmentofChemistry,LehighUniversity,
ProfessorDavidACowan DrMariaKała Bethlehem,Pennsylvania,USA
DrugControlCentre,King’sCollegeLondon, DepartmentofForensicToxicology,Institute
UK ofForensicResearch,Cracow,Poland ProfessorMDavidOsselton
UniversityofBournemouth,Dorset,UK
DrAlastairGDavidson DrStevenKarch
DepartmentofPharmaceuticalSciences, POBox5139,Berkeley,CA94705,USA DrJenniferPascali
UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow,UK
DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity
Dr PhilKemp Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine,
DrSheilaDawling AnalyticalResearchLaboratories,Oklahoma UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy
VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCentre, City,USA
DiagnosticLabs–TVC,Nashville,Tennessee,
USA DrSarahKerrigan DrMichaelAPeat
SHSURegionalCrimeLaboratory,The QuestDiagnostics,Houston,Texas,USA
ProfessorFrederikAdeWolff Woodlands,Texas,USA
ToxicologyLaboratory,LeidenUniversity DrFrankTPeters
MedicalCenter,Leiden,TheNetherlands DrPascalKintz Institutfu€rRechtsmedizin,
LaboratoireChemtox,Illkirch-Graffenstaden, Universit€atsklinikumJena,Jena,Germany
DrJacobFdeWolff France
UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHS
ProfessorColinFPoole
FoundationTrust,London,UK DrThomasKupiec
DepartmentofChemistry,WayneState
AnalyticalResearchLaboratories,Oklahoma
University,Detroit,Michigan,USA
DrOlafHDrummer City,USA
VictorianInst.ofForensicMedicine,
DrMarcLeBeau DrJohnRamsey
Southbank,Victoria,Australia
ChemistryUnit,FBILaboratory,Quantico, DivisionofCardiologicalSciences,StGeorge’s
Virginia,USA HospitalMedicalSchool,London,UK
DrAmerigaFanigliulo
DepartmentofPublicHealthandCommunity
ProfessorJohnCLindon
Medicine,SectionofForensicMedicine, DrDavidReith
DivisionofBiomedicalSciences,Imperial
UniversityofVerona,Verona,Italy DunedinSchoolofMedicine,Universityof
CollegeofScience,TechnologyandMedicine,
Otago,NewZealand
London,UK
DrRobertJFlanagan
MedicalToxicologyUnit,Guy’sandSt DrBarryKLogan DrDaveRudd
Thomas’HospitalTrust,London,UK NMSLabs,WillowGrove,Pennsylvania,USA GlaxoSmithKlineManufacturing,Ware,
Hertfordshire,UK
DrJesusMGonzalez DrPamelaAMartoglioSmith
DepartmentofChemistry,LehighUniversity, SSCIInc.,WestLafayette,USA DrJohanSchaep
Bethlehem,Pennsylvania,USA Chemipharn.v.,Brugge,Belgium
ProfessorHansHMaurer
DrPaulGraham DepartmentofExperimentalandClinical DrVinaSpiehler
WalkerGrahamPharmaConsultingLtd, Toxicology,UniversityofSaarland,Homburg/ 422TustinAvenue,NewportBeach,CA92663,
Ashington,Northumberland,UK Saar,Germany USA
ix