Civilians and War in Europe, 1618-1815

321 Pages·2012·3.721 MB·English

by  Erica Charters, Eve Rosenhaft, Hannah Whitall Smith

Civilians and War in Europe,
1618–1815
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Eighteenth-Century Worlds
Series Editors:
Professor Eve Rosenhaft (Liverpool) and Dr Mark Towsey (Liverpool)
Eighteenth-Century Worlds promotes innovative new research in the political,
social, economic, intellectual and cultural life of the ‘long’ eighteenth century
(c.1650-c.1850), from a variety of historical, theoretical and critical perspectives.
Monographs published in the series adopt international, comparative and/
or interdisciplinary approaches to the global eighteenth century, in volumes
that make the results of specialist research accessible to an informed, but not
discipline-specific, audience.
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Civilians and War in
Europe, 1618–1815
EditEd by
Erica Charters, Eve Rosenhaft and Hannah Smith
Liverpool University Press
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Contents
List of Contributors vii
Acknowledgements x
List of Illustrations xii
List of Abbreviations xiv
1 Introduction 1
Erica Charters, Eve Rosenhaft and Hannah Smith
Part I: Suffering, Reconciliation and Values in the Seventeenth Century
2 Was the Thirty Years War a ‘Total War’? 21
Peter H. Wilson
3 Grotius and the Civilian 36
Colm McKeogh
4 War, Property and the Bonds of Society: England’s ‘Unnatural’
Civil Wars 52
Barbara Donagan
5 Transitional Justice Theory and Reconciling Civil War Division
in English Society, circa 1660–1670 68
Melanie Harrington
Part II: The State, Soldiers and Civilians
6 The Administration of War and French Prisoners of War in Britain,
1756–1763 87
Erica Charters
v
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vi    Contents
7 Civilians, the French Army and Military Justice during the Reign
of Louis XIV, circa 1640–1715 100
Markus Meumann
8 Restricted Violence? Military Occupation during the Eighteenth
Century 118
Horst Carl
9 British Soldiers at Home: The Civilian Experience in Wartime,
1740–1783 129
Stephen Conway
Part III: Who is a Civilian? Who is a Soldier?
10 Conflicted Identities: Soldiers, Civilians and the Representation
of War 147
Philip Shaw
11 ‘Turning Out for Twenty-Days Amusement’: The Militia in
Georgian Satirical Prints 157
Matthew McCormack
12 Insurgents and Counter-Insurgents between Military and Civil
Society from the 1790s to 1815 182
Alan Forrest
Part IV: Contradictions of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
13 The Limits of Conflict in Napoleonic Europe –
And Their Transgression 201
David A. Bell
14 Plunder on the Peninsula: British Soldiers and Local Civilians
during the Peninsular War, 1808–1813 209
Gavin Daly
15 Invasion and Occupation: Civilian–Military Relations in
Central Europe during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 225
Leighton S. James
16 Imprisoned Reading: French Prisoners of War at the Selkirk
Subscription Library, 1811–1814 241
Mark Towsey
Bibliography 262
Index 291
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Contributors
David A. Bell is the Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Professor in the Era of the
North Atlantic Revolutions at Princeton University. He is the author of The
Cult of the Nation in France (2001) and The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe
and the Making of Warfare As We Know It (2007).
Horst Carl is Professor of Early Modern History at Justus-Liebig-University,
Giessen. His current research project is on early modern mercenaries and
the function of violence for the cohesion of social groups. Recent publica-
tions include Kriegsniederlagen. Erfahrungen und Erinnerungen (2004) and
Europäische Wahrnehmungen 1650–1850. Interkulturelle Kommunikation und
Medienereignisse (2008).
Erica Charters is University Lecturer in the History of Medicine at the
University of Oxford. She is the author of Disease, War, and the Imperial State:
The Welfare of the British Armed Forces during the Seven Years War, 1756–63
(forthcoming) and is working on a study of French forces during the Seven
Years War.
Stephen Conway is Professor of History at University College London. He
is the author of The War of American Independence, 1775–1783 (1995), The British
Isles and the War of American Independence (2000), War, State, and Society in
Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland (2006) and Britain, Ireland, and
Continental Europe in the Eighteenth Century (2011).
vii
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viii    List of Contributors
Gavin Daly is Senior Lecturer in Modern European History in the School
of History and Classics, University of Tasmania. He is the author of Inside
Napoleonic France (2001) and has published widely on Britain and France
during the Napoleonic Wars. He is currently writing a history of British
soldiers’ cultural encounters in Spain and Portugal during the Peninsular War.
Barbara Donagan is an independent scholar at the Huntington Library,
California. She has published articles relating to the codes, conduct and con-
ditions of the English civil war and also on aspects of puritan lives. War in
England 1642–1649 (2008) dealt primarily with the soldiers’ war. She is now
working on a book on the civilian experience of civil war.
Alan Forrest has been Professor of Modern History at the University of York
since 1989. He has published widely on French Revolutionary and Napoleonic
history and the history of modern warfare. His recent books include The Legacy
of the French Revolutionary Wars: The Nation-in-Arms in French Republican
Memory (2009) and Napoleon (2011).
Melanie Harrington received her BA from the University of Liverpool and
her MPhil in Early Modern History from the University of Cambridge, where
she is currently completing her doctorate. Her thesis examines the Restoration
period and the long-term legacies of the mid-seventeenth-century crisis in
England, particularly the social, cultural and political consequences of royalist
disappointment after 1660.
Leighton James is a Lecturer at the University of Swansea. His current research
is focused on the social and cultural history of warfare in the eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries. He has just completed a book on the experience of
the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars in German central Europe, entitled
Witnessing War.
Matthew McCormack is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of
Northampton. He works on ‘public’ manifestations of masculinity, particu-
larly in the arenas of politics and the military. His publications include The
Independent Man: Citizenship and Gender Politics in Georgian England (2005)
and, as editor, Public Men: Masculinity and Politics in Modern Britain (2007).
Colm McKeogh is a lecturer in political science at the University of Waikato,
New Zealand. He studied political science at Trinity College Dublin and
strategic studies at Aberystwyth University. His previous publications include
The Political Realism of Reinhold Niebuhr (1997), Innocent Civilians (2002) and
Tolstoy’s Pacifism (2009).
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List of Contributors    ix
Markus Meumann is a researcher at the University of Halle-Wittenberg
in Germany. He is currently preparing a book on the effects of war and
the establishment of standing armies on the political and legal culture of
seventeenth-century Europe, with a special focus on France and the Holy
Roman Empire.
Eve Rosenhaft is Professor of German Historical Studies at the University
of Liverpool. She has published on aspects of labour, gender and eth nicity
in German history of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Her work in
eighteenth-century studies focuses on cultures of money, insurance and popular
financial practices, especially on the part of women.
Philip Shaw is Professor of Romantic Studies in the School of English at
the University of Leicester. His most recent publications include: The Sublime
(2006), Waterloo and the Romantic Imagination (2002) and, as editor, Romantic
Wars: Studies in Culture and Conflict, 1789–1822 (2000). At present he is working
on a book-length study entitled Suffering and Sentiment in Romantic Military
Art.
Hannah Smith is a Tutorial Fellow and University Lecturer in History at St
Hilda’s College, Oxford. She has published Georgian Monarchy: Politics and
Culture, 1714–1760 (2006). She is currently working on a study of the British
army and society from 1660 to 1750.
Mark Towsey is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Liverpool,
having previously held fellowships at Harvard, Yale and the IHR. He is
the author of Reading the Scottish Enlightenment: Books and their Readers in
Provincial Scotland, 1750–1820 (2010) and has published extensively on reading
experiences and the cultural history of libraries in the eighteenth and nine-
teenth centuries.
Peter H. Wilson is GF Grant Professor of History at the University of Hull,
having worked previously at Sunderland and Newcastle universities. He has
written or edited fifteen books on European history including Europe’s Tragedy.
A History of the Thirty Years War (2009).
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