Table Of ContentCIVIL ENGINEERING
IN THE OCEANS VI
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
October 20-22, 2004
Baltimore, Maryland
SPONSORED BY
Committee on Ocean and Offshore Engineering
of The Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI)
of the American Society of Civil Engineers
EDITED BY
Michael J. Briggs, Ph.D., P.E.
Michael E. McCormick, Ph.D., Sc.D., P.E.
Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers
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Foreword
The Civil Engineering in the Oceans VI (CEO6) conference was held in parallel with
ASCE's Baltimore 2004 Civil Engineering Conference and Exposition at the
Baltimore Convention Center in Baltimore's Inner Harbor, October 20-22, 2004. This
was the sixth in this unique series of conferences dedicated to the multidisciplinary
civil engineering problems encountered in the coastal and deep ocean. The CEO
series, initiated in 1967, is sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers
(ASCE) and its Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI).
The theme of CEO6 was "Meeting the New Challenges of the 21st Century." Civil
engineering in deep and shallow water continues to be a major issue both in the
United States and abroad. Tremendous engineering strides have been made in the
oceans in the last 50 years, and the demands of the new century offer opportunities
for even more exciting and technically challenging projects.
The CEO concept serves as an excellent vehicle for such technology transfer in the
fields of wave and wave forces, hydrodynamics, coastal and offshore structures,
harbors and marine transportation, marine geotechnical engineering, and education.
Besides its broad technical content highlighting the latest advances, CEO6 featured
six keynote addresses offering insightful perspectives on historical and emerging
trends.
• Dr. Leon E. Borgman, Emeritus Professor, University of Wyoming
• Capt. David M. Balk, Director, Ocean Facilities Program, U.S. Navy
• Dr. James R. Houston, Director, US Army Engineer Research and
Development Center
• Prof. Billy L. Edge, WH Bauer Professor in Dredging Engineering, Texas
A&M University
• Prof. Robert A. Dalrymple, Johns Hopkins University
• Prof. Robert G. Dean, Emeritus Professor, University of Florida
Abstracts were reviewed by two reviewers and 48 peer-reviewed papers were selected
for presentation in 10 sessions over the three-day conference. This conference
proceedings is organized with the Keynote papers in the front and the technical
papers organized by subject matter. It is hoped that this CEO6 Proceedings will
ultimately serve as a comprehensive handbook on state-of-the-art coastal and ocean
engineering.
Michael, J. Briggs, PhD, P.E.
Michael E. McCormick, PhD, P.E.
iii
Acknowledgments
Conference Committee
Michael J. Briggs, Chair
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Paul Palo, Co-Chair
Naval Facilities Engineering Command
Donald Ward, Co-Chair
US Army Engineer Research and Development Center
Leon E. Borgman
Professor Emeritus, University of Wyoming
Pat Hudson
Applied Physics Laboratory
M. H. "Joseph" Kim
Texas A&M University
David R. B. Kraemer
University of Wisconsin, Plattseville
Michael E. McCormick
Johns Hopkins University
Andrew L. Silver
Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division
iv
Contents
Keynotes
New Nonparametric Methods in Risk Analysis Based on Resampling Techniques
and Empirical Simulation 1
Leon E. Borgman
From the Sea...Naval Ocean Engineering Technology 31
Paul Palo and David Balk
The Economic Value of the Oceans—Beaches, Maritime Transportation,
Offshore Oil and Gas Production 46
James R. Houston
Papers
Waves and Wave Forces
Estimate of Directional Spreading Parameters of a Cosine-2s Model 55
Shaosong Zhang and Jun Zhang
Optimization of Boussinesq-Type Models for Surface Waves over Porous Beds 70
Eric C. Cruz and Qin Chen
Wave Propagation over Irregular Topography Using Green Function 85
M. A. Sharaki
An SPH Numerical Wave Tank 95
G. L. Vaughan, T. R. Healy, K. R. Bryan, A. D. Sneyd, and R. M. Gorman
Pneumatic Effect of Nonlinear Waves and a Freely Floating Body Simulation
by a 2D Fully Nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) 108
Weoncheol Koo, M. H. Kim, and D. H. Lee
The Effect of Wavelength on the Response of Floating Bodies 120
D. R. B. Kraemer and M. E. McCormick
Hydrodynamics
Mechanism Responsible for Mixing at the Mouth of Tokyo Bay 132
K. Nakayama, S. Kiyoki, and A. Wyatt
Mechanisms of Air-Sea Turbulent Interactions at Small Scales 145
Lian Shen, Song Liu, and Dick K. P. Yue
Influence of the Surface Tension on the Oil Slick Dynamics 154
Natalia N. Zagritcenko, Issac Herskowitz, Edward N. Potetyunko,
and Leonid S. Srubshchik
v
Ocean Engineering
Chimera Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Vortex-Induced
Vibration of Circular Cylinders 166
J. P. Pontaza, C. R. Chen, and H. C. Chen
Time-Domain Simulation of Four-Quadrant Propeller Flows by a Chimera
Moving Grid Approach 177
H. C. Chen and Sing-Kwan Lee
Synthetic Electro-Optical-Mechanical Cables for Ocean Observatory Moorings 192
Mark Grosenbaugh, Walter Paul, Dan Frye, and Norman Fair
Numerical Simulation of a Polyester Mooring System Interacting
with a Classical SPAR 203
Yu Ding, Minsuk Kim, Basil Theckum Purath, and Jun Zhang
Specialized Ship Mooring Problems: Transient Loadings and Long Period Waves 217
John R. Headland and Eric Smith
Coastal Engineering
Shore Protection by Point-Absorbers 232
Michael E. McCormick, Aaron D. Lazarus, and Christina Speight
Artificial Frond System for Seabed Scour Control at Wind Farm Platforms in
Nantucket Sound, Massachusetts 246
Bryan N. Jones, Timothy S. Hillier, David J. Partridge, and Leonard Fagan
Calculation of Wave Run-up on Slopes 255
F. Rad
Offshore Structures
Simulation of Wave Runup around Offshore Structures by a Chimera Domain
Decomposition Approach 267
Hamn-Ching Chen, Kai Yu, and Sheng-Yi Chen
Significance of Short Crested and Diffracted Waves on Full Scale Motion
Correlation of a Truss Spar 281
Igor Prislin and Ann Kristin Blom
Comparison of Laboratory and Field Spar Platform Response Behavior 296
John M. Niedzwecki
Numerical Treatment of the Buckling of Nonlinearly Elastic Shells
under Hydrostatic Pressure 304
Irina Peckel and Leonid S. Srubshchik
Stability of Stiffened Steel Plates under Axial Compression 319
M. Suneel Kumar, P. Alagusundaramoorthy, and R. Sundaravadivelu
Coastal Structures
Performance of Submerged Floating Breakwater Supported by Perforated Plates
under Wave Action and Its Dynamics 329
Norimi Mizutani and Md. Ataur Rahman
vi
Performance of Multiple Pontoons Floating Breakwater—A Numerical Approach 342
Shafiuddin Amer Syed and J. S. Mani
Physical and Numerical Modeling of Stacked Geotubes Subjected
to Dynamic Loads 356
Vipin Kumar Tyagi and J. N. Mandal
Slamming Forces due to Random Waves on Horizontal Circular Members
in Intertidal Zone 366
V. Hariprasad, R. Sundaravadivelu, and S. Neelamani
Wave Runup on a Concentric Perforated Circular Cylinder System 375
K. Vijayalakshmi, S. Neelamani, R. Sundaravadivelu, and K. Murali
Marine Geotechnical Engineering
Measuring Sea Bed Properties Using Static and Dynamic Penetrometers 386
R. D. Stoll
Modeling of Seabed Interaction of Oceanographic Moorings
in the Frequency Domain 396
Seon Han and Mark Grosenbaugh
Validation of a Foundation Stability Model for Soft Clay 408
D. J. Thompson and D. G. True
Risk and Reliability
Impact Burial of Cylinders in Soft Marine Sediments 419
A.V. Abelev and P. J. Valent
CADET: A Tool for Predicting Underkeel Clearance in Deep-Draft
Entrance Channels 434
Michael J. Briggs, Andrew L. Silver, and Paul J. Kopp
Harbors and Marine Transportation Systems
Ship Squat Measurements Using GPS at Charleston Harbor 449
S. T. Maynord and M. J. Briggs
Measurements and Modeling of Long-Period Wave Generated Currents
in Port of Long Beach 464
David Dykstra
Modeling of Harbor Resonance in Port of Long Beach 479
Michael J. Briggs, David Dykstra, and Thomas Baldwin
Two-Body Resonant Interactions by Fully Coupled Method and Partially
Coupled Method 494
D. H. Lee and M. H. Kim
Experimental Sloshing Studies in Sway and Heave Base Excited Square Tanks 504
J. B. Frandsen and W. Peng
vii
Economic and Education Issues
Experience with Implementation of the American Society of Civil Engineers9
Underwater Investigations Standard Practice Manual 513
Joseph F. Marrone, David R. Robinson, and Bryan N. Jones
Intellectual Property Rights 526
Wendy Buskop
Indexes
Subject Index 543
Author Index 545
viii
New Nonparametric Methods in Risk Analysis Based on Resampling
Techniques and Empirical Simulation
Leon E. Borgman1
1University of Wyoming, Emeritus Professor of Geology and Statistics, 2526
Park Avenue, Laramie, WY 82070; PH (307)742-3178; email:
[email protected]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of development in new nonparametric
methodology in the last several decades, as workers in statistics sought to escape the
tyranny of parametric and normality assumptions for problems that were clearly often
not Gaussian and not easily described by the usual standard distribution functions.
Methods have been developed which allow one to proceed from raw data sets
directly to simulations of possible future new data with a bare minimum of parametric
assumptions. Many of these techniques are now being introduced into engineering
practice and decision-making. The presentation reviews the univariate and
multivariate methods growing out of the resampling procedures, and their extensions
for use in extremal statistics and the estimation of risk.
Introduction
Resampling or empirical simulation techniques (EST) are methods which
generate synthetic samples from a data set, under the assumption that the sample
statistical behavior resembles that for the true population closely enough to be useful
in error evaluation and similar decision topics. Figure 1 illustrates this process. This
is done with the full realization that additional real data would be more desirable and
valid. Usually, however, cost and/or time limitations prevent acquiring more actual
measurements. It may even be physically impossible to obtain more data, and
resampling is a way to "wring" as much information and guidance as possible out of
the available measurements.
1
