City-States in Classical Antiquity and Medieval Italy

654 Pages·1991·12.2 MB·English

by  Anthony Molho

CitSyt ates
inC lassiAcnatli quity
andM edievIatla ly
Edited by
ANTHONY MOLHO
KURT RAAUB
JULIAEMLEN
An Arbor
The Universoifty MichigPrane ss
Proceedoifna gc so nferesnpocnseo rebdy
BrowUnn iversTihoty'mass J.W atsoJnrI .ns titfUleo Irn ternational Studies
Distributionin al oEfurope (mcludingth eU .K.b)yF ranz SteinerV erlagS.tu ttgart
Copyri@gh t1991b yF raSnzt einVeerr lag
Al rightsr eserved
Publishedi nt hUen itSetda otfeAm se rica by
The UniversoiftM yi chigPanr ess
1994 1993 1992 1991 4 3 2 1
libraorfCy o nesgr CataloginPgu-binl icaDtiaotanap plifeodr
T�1\N0-4 7' 1(l 'R�_Q
Contents
Acknowledgements 8
EditoPrrse'fa ce 9
IntroductRoermya rkMsa:x W eber's C"iTtyh"Re e visited, 19
WilifreNdi ppel
PART I CONSCIOUSNESASN D REPRESENTATION
Reflectiooftn hsGe r eeCki tyo nU nityan d DivisNiionc,oL loer aux 33
RomeT:h eH istooryfan AnachronTiismm,o Jt.Ch ornye ll 53
The Cityt h"aneN de wS"ai ntCs,h iaFrruaog ni 71
Citayn dC itizCehnan:g inPge rceptiinto hnFesi fteenth and
Sixteenth CeAnlturisioeBnsr, o wn 93
CommentarCayrm:ine Ampolo 113
GiovaCnianpip elli 121
PART IIC ITIZENASN D THE POLITICACLL ASSES
Normosf C itizensihnAi npc ieGnrte ecDea,v Wihdi tehead 135
TheL egal DefinoifCt iitoinz enisnt hhiLepa tMei ddAlgee s, 155
DiegoQ uaglioni
Who RulePso?w eanrd Participaint iAotnh eannds R omeW,a ltEedre 1r6 9
TheR uleorfsF loren1c2e8,2 -1D5a3v0Hi,e dr lihy 197
FromS ociatloP olitRiecparle sentianRti eonnai ssaFnlcoer ence, 223
RiccaFrubdoin i
CommentaryC:h ristiaKnela pisch-Zuber 241
PART IIIP OLITICASN D CONFLICT
TheE xerciosfPe o weirnth eR oman RepublEirchic,S .G ruen 251
The Dialoguoef P oweirnF lorentine JPoohliMnt. iN casj,emy 269
A Typologyo fS ociaClo nfliictnG reePko leTihsomas, J.F igueira2 89
SociaSltr ucturaned Conflicitnth eM edieCvialt Gy,i orCgriaoc co 309
CommentaryH: arWry. P leket 331
RonaF.l d Weissman 345
PARTI VU RBAN AND ARCHITECTURAFLO RMS
TheC itoyfA theSnpsa:cS ey,m bSotlru,c turTeo,n Hiools cher 355
UrbaDne velopimnAe nncti Reonmtae n thde I mpaoctfE mpire, 381
L.R ichajrr dson
CivUircb aniinMs emd ieFvlalo reFnrcaenS,ez knu ra 403
UrbaniinMs emd ieVvealn iJcuee,rg Secnh ulz 419
CommentaErdym:o Fnrde zouls 447
JamAecsk erman 453
PARTV SYMBOLSA ND RITUALS
SymboalnRsdi tuinal Csl assAithcealnA sd,a lbGeirotvoa nnini4 59
FroVmi oletnoBc lee ssing:a nRSdiy tumabilonAsl n sc ient Ro4m7e9,
KeiHtohp kins
SymboalnRsdi tuailnFs l oreFnrcaenCa,cr od ini 499
ThSee lf-Deofifnt ihVteei noentR ieanp ubPlaitcr,Fic oiart iBnrio wn 511
CommentarGyl:e Wn.B owersock 549
MariBneeorn go 555
PARTV IT ERRITOREYX,T ERNARLE LAITONSA ND EMPIRE
City-,TS etrartieatnoEdrm yp iirnCe l assAinctailqK uuirtty ,R aafl5a6u5b
ThIet alCiiatny -anSdtI atTtseer ritGoiryo,r Cghtiitoo lini 589
Diplomiantc hIyet alCiiant y-JSatmaSte.Ges ,ru bb 603
CommentarHya:r tmGuatl sterer 619
AnthMoonyl ho 627
ConcluRdeiflnegc tGiuoinds,o Clemente 641
Index 649
ToO ur Colleaigunes
thDee partmeonfC tlas sics
antdh Dee partmeonfHt is tory,
BrownU niversity,
mosets pectiaotl hmleey m ory
ofD avHiedr lihy

Acknowledgements
EPEVOPLcEE ontrRigbeuAnteerdotL uots hlre ye aliozaftt hivioosnl ume,
ando fth es ymposoinwu hmi icithbs a sWeidt.h otuhmtea tesruipaplo rt
SofAr temAi.Ws . a nMdar thJao ukowasnkodyfJ iTmw adeiiltusl n ,l ikely
thaeti thtehrse y mposciouuhmla dv tea kpelna ocrthe e b ookc ouhladvb ee en
publishaerdpe.r oWfeo ungdlrya tteotf huelfm o trh eeinrl ighptaetrnoenda ge.
TheT homasJ .W atsJornI. n stiftouIrtn et ernatSitoundaaitleo su r
Univeorffseirtueysid t isn stitutisopnoanls oOrusrhc iopl.l eaangdgu oeod
frienAdb,b oGttl easoans,s ociate ofdt ihIrene sticttuotrae tt htei moeft his
projeictn'cse petinotnh,u siaesntidcoarolsuleprydr opoHsiasslu .c cesP.s ors,
TerreHnocpeanm , andth ec urrdeinrtec otfot rh Ien stitHuotwear,dR .
Swearer, cthoenitisurnp upeoadrtn gdr eafatcliyl ithtear teeadl iozaftti hoins
undertaking.
Wer ecemiuvcevhdal uabalses isfrtoanmJc oea nDnrae Plaltr,i Hceinary ,
Melissa Manards Rhuathlaln,n WhittAnednr.e Gwi lmartAilnl,Re enn ear,
GeoffreByi ldaenrCd,l aiDruer psrto vihdeeldpp fulr ogramamdivniangcd e ,
Dalia Geffenu semfuuelcdi ht oriaOlu rsh peelcpi.al gthoant koCs h errie
Guerzosne,c reantdaa rsys isetxtraarnodti nwaiitrheo,u t wthhotypese e­ help
scroifthp itbs oo kc ounlodht a vbee enc omploentti emdeI .np articulwaewr i sh
tor ecognizthee c ritical asosfiP stanacterAr inceiywa h ose prooanfrde ading
indexduirinngthg efi naslt aogfmes a nuscrpirpetp arlaettnihtvoe on l ummuec h
ofi tcso hesiveness.
We areal sov erygr atetfuolP rofeJsamseosAr c kermaanndt oD ott.
GiovanCnii appfeolhrla·iv ianggr eteosd t eipna ndfi lgla pcrse atbeydt he
inaboiftl wicoto yl letaosgu uebsm tiout st hwer ittveenr soiftho enc so mments
theyh arde aidnt hceo urosfthe ec onferNeenicteh.e r AncokCrei rampapne lli
attenthdece odn ferbeonthwc reo;tt hee oirb servwaititohnboseu nte ofiftt h e
discushseiltodhn eAsrc ek.e rmaannCd'i sa ppceolmlmie'arnsrt isv wehidlt eh e
preparaotfthi eof ni nvaelr soifthio snm anuscrwiaspw te aldlv anasc erade ;s ult,
authoorfths e p apetrows h ithcehs ceo mmeanrtaesd dredsisndeo dht a vae
chantcote a kien taoc copuonitn tsi nthm eat dweoc ommentaries.
Finallwye,r elhieeadv ointhl eyp atieannchdee lopfo ucro lleiantgu hees
DepartmeonfCtl asansdith cseD epartmeonfHit st ory.T oth emw,e d edithicast e
voluinm acekn owledgeomfte hneltio rn gstfranideinndgas nhisdpu pport.

EditorsP'r eface
HANCEIENTC I TY( Gree"kp,o ligsi"v)ue sso urw ordfso r" politics,"
"politiacnidai,nnw s h,a"mt a ys eeamc ontrsaernys" ep,o liTtheec. i"t y
T(Latin, "ciavlisgtoias v"ue)ss o urw orfdo "rc ivilizAantdni ooc ni.ti"es
ofth ew orlhda vien forthmoesdte e rmmosr teh aAnth enasn Rdo mei na ntiquity,
and Floreanndc Vee niicnthe e l atMei ddAlgee s.
AtheanndsR omew ereex ceptciitoinenasolo,t n liyns izaned achievement.
Yebt oths tartoeudast typipcoalle "icsi,t y-santda sthearse,wid"th hundreodsf
othemrasn yc haractebroithsi tnis ctsr,u ctuarned d evelopmTehnetp .o1l is
usualwlasy a communi tyw itha nu rban poanldi trieclailgc ieonutsane dr a
limitteerdr ictuolryt ivbayit tcesid t iozwneenr sAs. a t ypoefc ommuni,tt yhp eo lis
emergientd h aer chpaeirci (ode ighttosh i xcthe ntBu.rC)yi. nG reeEcter,u arnida
othepra rtosf I talanyd, ( posssilbilghyeat rllyi ienrP )h oeniciinat h;e" agoef
coloniza(tciio7rn5c"0a -5B5.0C)i. stp reraadp iadlloytn ghc eo asatraealos ft he
MediterraannedBa lna Sceaks I.st e emthsa ti nth eiera rhliys tomraineoysf th, es e
poleeixpse riensciemdi clrari soefgs r owthEx.c lusiavrei stocrfiarcsditoes m i­
natebdu,wt i tthi mteh epiorw eerr odeTd.h ep olitsiycsatlte hmar te platcheed
ruloeft hfee wa dmittethde r esponpsairbtliec iopfal tiaorng er seogftm heen ts
citibzodeyn.In a lonagn dd ifficuplrtoc esthsa to ftenw as punctuabtyae d
sequenocfve i olecnotn flictsc oamnpdr omiisnecsr,e ansuimnbge rosf
nonaristcocirtait-ziecan tls e atshto wsheo q ualiffioemrdi litsaerrvyii cnte h e
heavailrym eidn fantr(yh opl-iwteersei) n tegriantttheoedp oliticcalo mmunity
ands hariemdp ortciatnitz ens' rights.
In thea rchapiecr itodh,e r esuolftt sh icso mmon procoefss soc iaaln d
politisctalr uggalnedo ft ransformanadt iinotne graptiroonv iad ecdr ucial
premifsoesr o meo fth e. t rulrye markaabclhei evemtehnactths a racttehrei ze
classaigcesoa fAl th enasn Rdo meIn. t um,th esaec hievesmeethtne tsste w oc ities
1.F orth ev iewth aeart ly Rodmee,s psiitegni ficadnitff erenicenas li,lm porrtaespenctts
fits thety pologyo fth epo liassw ecan reconstriufrtco tmth eb eterk nown Greeexka mpselees ,
KurtA. Raaflaubi,nSo cialCon flicts (n3.)3 03i5d;i. nEd, e rS,ta aunilt S taatlic(hn3k.)5 ei 1t2 -
lS.
10 Preface
apafrrto mo thecrl asspioclale Iitsi .sn2 o tt oo mucht os aty hatth ceh angiest
underewnti nt hes ixtchen tuerqyui ppeAdt hentsow ithsttahnehd i storic
challeonftg hePe e rsiWaanr s( 490-480B/.7Cs9.u )bs,e quteona dcyq uidro­e
minioovne trh fier setm pirrulee bdy a c ity-isntt haGetr ea eco-Rowmoanr ladn,d
toc reaitnde e,m ocraacp yo,l itiscyals ttehmas tt imulaau tneidql ueev oefcl i tizen
involveinm ecnotmm unala ffairsF.o ra lilt ssh ortcominigst,g ainetdh e
admiratitohno,un gohat l watyhsae p provoafpl o,l ittihcianlkan edr lsea dresi n
thien tervenin2g, 5ay0le0mao rTssht.ec entuorft yh ese podleivteilcoapmle nts
producmeadn yo ft hep olitviaclalu (essu cahsl ibeanrdt ye qualiatnyd)t he
costintutiotnearlm inotlhoahgtay v seh appeodl itdiicasclo uervseesr i ncael.s Iot
wimesstehdec ultural broiffil ftlhi-caenncteAu tryh entsh abte stowed on
postetrhigetye nroefts r agedy, comedy, ahinsdrt hoertioocrgliracas,ps hiyc,a l
architectaunrdsce u lpturteh,fe o undatoifpo hinlso soapnhdyo fp edagoagsy
wella st hbee ginnionfpg osl itical Tthhee" oPreyr.i clean decaodense" represent
oft hed ensemsots,ot p timisatnidcm ,os ti nfluenptiearli odosfp olitaincdal
culturaaclh ieveimnwe onrtl hdi story.
In itesa rldeyv elopmpeanrtt,i cudluarriltnyhg efi rscte nturoift esh e
RepubRliocm, ee xperienanc oedtdi ssimil"asrtr uggloeft hoer derbset"we etnh e
patriarciisant ocraancdyt hneo naristocratic plebei4a9n4s -(2t8r7a ditionally
B.CT.h)es .u ccesrsefuls oluotifto hnic so nflicgta vReo met hien ternsatlr ength
andc ohesiintoe ne daesid et m barkoenid t esx traordcionnaqruyeos ftIsta anldy
theen tiMreed iterrbaanseiTannh .e reRboym ew asa blteob uialnde mpire that
lasted longer tihnanW esatneyhr inos tthoanerdry t ,o a chievteh ceu ltural
brilloifat nhacege oe fC iceVreor,gi a�n Adu gustunso-ttos peaokft hpeo litical
andc ulturaunli ficatoifot nh Mee diterrwanoeranl andd adjacareenasti nt he
centuorfit ehspe aAxu gustaT.h iusni ficatiaosin sw, e lkln own,h adan enor­
mousi mpaoctn W estecrinv ilization.
Whilet hhies torsiicgnali ficanocfte h aen ciceintyt- stcaatnneosbt e q ues­
tiontehde,ir sem ucha boutth ehiisrt ortiheaists p aradoxaincaddl i ffictuol t
understanTdom. e ntijounso tn em ajoirs sduoewn, t ot hceo nquoefGs rte ecbey
PhilIIi opfM acednoin 338B. Ct.,h peo lriesm aitnhepedo liticlalelayd ainndg
culturaldloymi nanttyp e ofs taitnGe r eecEev.e inn i tgrse atedsatyo sfp olitical
andc ulturdayln amiAstmh,e rnesm aianp eodl iesxp,l oititnotg h uet motsth e
strengantdh se ventually fobuecnaduesorieftn hgwe e aknesasnedls i mitations
oft hifso rmo fc ommunitRyo.m e,b yc ontrastv,e rye arliyni tism perial
expansioenxc eedtehdle i mitatiionsn isoz fet erriatnodpry o pulatthiabotyna ny
definitwieorntype i calo fa polainsd n ecessarfyoi rt funsc tioningY.e tin its
internal stpruactttuerrnoesf,b ehavainodrru lei,d eolaongdsy e lefr-cpeption,
2. This elementahriys tofraictical si nevirtaebfllecytedi nth ed istribouftia,on nd
perspectipvreed ominiannot,ur so urce-s as mucahs w em igrhegrte thte l imiotantiasn d
potentiaerlo rism poseodn hoiur stourincadle rstaannddij ngud gmentb yth etr aditionnaalrrloyw
focuosnth esetw oe xceptiocniatilFes o.ar r eceenftf aotcrt o rrectisnugcho ne-sidaepadrtn ess,
fromm anybo kswr itten othne hi storoifei sn divciidtiual(es s uacsCoh r inMtheg,a raArg,o ,s
Samosan,d ,o fco urse,S partase) ,H ans-JoaGcheihmr Jkenseiets, vonA then and SparDt4as .
Dritte Griechenla14ndnd s eineS taterJwelt (MunicBehck:, 1 98.6 )