Citizenship. Vol. I: What is Citizenship? Theories of Citizenship: Classic and Contemporary Debates

179 Pages·2014·16.863 MB·English

by  Richard Bellamy, Madeleine Kennedy-Macfoy, Editors

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Volume I
What is Citizenship? Theories of Citizenship:
Classic and Contemporary Debates
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LONDON AND NEW YORK
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First published 2014 I
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent VOLUME I WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP? THEORIES
to infringe.
OF CITIZENSHIP: CLASSIC AND CONTEMPORARY
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Dala
DEBATES
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cata/oging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested Acknowledgemen ts
XV
ISBN: 978-0-415-66486-8 (Set) Chronological table of reprinted articles and chapters xvii
ISBN: 978-0-415-66487-5 (Volume I)
Typeset in 1O/12pt Times NR MT Introduction 1
by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Publisher's Note
References within each chapter are as they appear in the original complete work PART 1
Classic theories 21
1 Extracts from The Politics 23
ARISTOTLE
2 Extracts from Ellcyclopedie ou DictiOllllaire RaisOlllle
Des Sciellces, Des Arts Et Des Metiers 28
3 Extracts from Oil the Duty of Mall and Citizen According
to Natural Law 32
SAMUEL VON PUFENDORF
4 Extracts from Citizenship alld social class
T. H. MARSHALL
PART 2
History 65
MIX 5 The ideal of citizenship since classical times 67
reapoPnaaplebrla r rsoomu rce. J. G. A. POCOCK
. ')y CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CRO 4YY
VB
-
CONTENTS I--~----
VOLUME 11 WHO IS A CITIZEN? FEMINISM,
( 86
6 Citizenship
MULTICULTURALISM AND IMMIGRATION
MICHAEL WALZER I
7 Le citoyen/la citoyenne: activity, passivity and the revolutionary I Acknowledgemen ts vii
93
conception of citizenship I
Introduction 1
WILLIAM H. SEWELL, JR
116
8 Ruling class strategies and citizenship
MICHAEL MANN PART 4
Feminist approaches and theorisations 5
PART 3 18 Rethinking citizenship with women in focus 7
135/
Contemporary theories and new developments
MARGARET ABRAHAM, ESTHER NGAN-LING CHOW,
137 LAURA MARATOU-ALIPRANTI AND EVANGELIA TASTSOGLOU
9 The myth of citizenship
19 Context is all: feminism and theories of citizenship 29
MICHAEL IGNATIEFF
MARY G. DIETZ
10 Return of the citizen: a survey of recent work
on citizenship theory 156 20 Inclusive citizenship: realizing the potential 49
WILL KYMLICKA AND WAYNE NORMAN RUTH LISTER
11 Outline of a theory of citizenship 185 21 Feminism, citizenship and radical democratic politics 65
BRIAN S. TURNER CHANTAL MOUFFE
12 Women, equality, and citizenship 215 22 Citizenship and feminist theory 80
SUSAN MOLLER OKIN ANNE PHILLIPS
13 Polity and group difference: a critique of the ideal of 23 The square of intimate citizenship: some preliminary proposals 93
228
universal citizenship KEN PLUMMER
IRIS MARION YOUNG 24 Is citizenship gendered? 112
14 Citizenship and national identity: some reflections on SYLVIA WALBY
the future of Europe 25 Women, citizenship and difference 129
JURGEN HABERMAS
NIRA YUVAL-DAVIS
15 Changing paradigms of citizenship and the exclusiveness
273
of the demos
PARTS
JEAN L. COHEN On the multicultural question 151
296
16 Citizenship and pluralism
26 Pride politics and multiculturalist citizenship 153
DAVID MILLER
318 ANNE-MARIE FORTIER
17 Citizenship and justice
27 Citizens and citizenship 172
ANDREW MASON
STUART HALL AND DAVID HELD
IX
viii
CONTENTS CON,TENTS
28 The holistic ambition: social cohesion and the culturalization 37 The nature of citizenship in the United States and Great Britain:
of citizenship 185 empirical comments on theoretical themes 18
YNGVE LITHMAN PAMELA JOHNSTON CONOVER, IVOR M. CREWE AND
. I DONALD D. SEARING
29 Citizenship in culturally diverse societies: issues, contexts, concepts 200
38 Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation 50
WILL KYMLICKA AND WAYNE NORMAN
RUSSELL J. DALTON
30 On citizenship and multicultural vulnerability 243
39 Citizenship in flux: the figure of the activist citizen 75
AYELET SHACHAR
ENGIN F. ISIN
31 Citizenship, republicanism and multiculturalism in contemporary
France 267 40 The agonic freedom of citizens 97
JAMES TULLY
JEREMY JENNINGS
41 The repositioning of citizenship: emergent subjects and
spaces for politics 121
PART 6
The immigration polemic 293 SASKIA SASSEN
32 Aliens and citizens: the case for open borders 295
PARTS
JOSEPH H. CARENS Changing politics for markets
33 How immigration is changing citizenship: a comparative view 314
42 Citizenship, social citizenship and the defence
CHRISTIAN JOPPKE
of welfare provision 145
34 Immigrants, nations and citizenship 338
DESMOND S. KING AND JEREMY WALDRON
DAVID MILLER
43 Markets, citizenship and the welfare state:
35 Citizenship, reproduction and the state: international marriage
some critical reflections 177
and human rights 359
N. BARRY
BRYAN S. TURNER
44 The New Right conception of citizenship and
the Citizen's Charter 206
VOLUME III HOW TO BE A CITIZEN: CIVIC RIGHTS, RICHARD BELLAMY AND JOHN GREENAWAY
DUTIES AND VIRTUES IN OLD AND NEW POLITICS
PART 9
Acknowledgements ix
Changing citizenship education 223
Introduction 1
45 Liberal civic education and religious fundamentalism:
the case of God v. John Rawls? 225
PART 7 STEPHEN MACEDO
Changing citizenship practices 5
46 Civic education and social diversity 252
AMY GUTMANN
36 Citizenship: an unnatural practice? 7
. ADRIAN OLD FIELD
xi
x
r
CONTENTS
47 Citizenship education: anti-political culture and political
VOLUME IV WHERE TO BE A CITIZEN: CITIZENSHIP
education in Britain
273 BEYOND AND ACROSS STATES
ELIZABETH FRAZER
. Acknowledgements ix
PART 10
Introduction 1
Changing citizenship subjects 293
48 Scandinavian feminist debates on citizenship 295 PART 12
Citizenship unbound? National borders vs global citizenship 5
HEGE SKJEIE AND BIRTE SlIM
49 Changing parameters of citizenship and claims-making: 58 Borders, boundaries and citizenship 7
organized Islam in European public spheres 313 SEYLA BENHABIB
YASEMIN NUHO<'}LU SOYSAL
59 The idea of global citizenship: a sympathetic assessment 18
50 Republican citizenship and the crisis of integration in France 329 NIGEL DOWER
CECILE LABORDE
60 Fuzzy citizenship in global society 36
51 Intersectionality, citizenship and contemporary politics MATHIAS KOENIG-ARCHIBUGI
of belonging
354 61 Bounded citizenship 62
NIRA YUVAL-DAVIS
DAVID MILLER
62 Postnational citizenship: reconfiguring the familiar terrain 79
PART 11 YASEMIN NUHOGLU SOYSAL
Changing citizenship spheres 369
PART 13
52 Citizenship in a time of empire: the world social forum
Transnational citizenship, dual nationality and voting rights 89
as a new public space
371
JANET CONWAY 63 New rules on dual nationality for a democratizing globe:
between rejection and embrace 91
53 Global civil society and the question of global citizenship 388
DAVID A. MARTIN
CHRIS ARMSTRONG
64 Realignments of citizenship: reassessing rights in the age of
54 The decline of citizenship in an era of globalization 400
plural memberships and multi-level governance 127
RICHARD FALK
RAINER BAUBOCK AND VIRGINIE GUIRAUDON
55 Responsibility and global justice: a social connection model 415
65 Stakeholder citizenship and transnational political participation:
IRIS MARION YOUNG
a normative evaluation of external voting 143
56 Environmental citizenship as reasonable citizenship 444 RAINER BAUBOCK
SIMON HAILWOOD
66 Should expatriates vote? 199
57 Environmental obligations and the limits of transnational CLAUDIO L6PEZ-GUERRA
citizenship
460 67 Democracy, citizenship and the bits in between 219
ANDREW MASON
SARAH FINE
xii xiii
CONTENTS
PART 14
Global justice and citizenship 237
68 Citizenship, egalitarianism arid global justice 239
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHRIS ARM STRONG
69 Citizenship, non citizenship, and the transnationalization
of domestic work 258
LINDA BOSNIAK
70 The perils of global citizenship 283
BRETT BOWDEN
We are grateful to Elizabeth Frazer, Cecile Laborde, Kate Nash, Andrew
71 Cosmopolitan ism and global citizenship 299
Mason and David Owen for their helpful suggestions regarding the read
BHIKHU PAREKH
ings included in these volumes. We would also like to thank Lior Erez for
72 Between citizenship and human rights 316 his research assistance in tracking them down. Needless to say, we remain
KATE NASH responsible for any errors or omissions that may have resulted from our
failing always to take their wise advice.
PART 15 The publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reprint
Europe 335 their material:
Cambridge University Press for permission to reprint M. Walzer, 'Citizenship',
73 Evaluating Union citizenship: belonging, rights and
in T. Ball, 1. Farr, R. L. Hanson (eds), Political Innovation and Conceptual
participation within the EU 337 Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 211-220.
RICHARD BELLAMY
W. H. Sewell, Jr for permission to reprint W. H. Sewell, Jr, 'Le citoyen/La
74 Citizenship and sovereignty in the post-Westphalian citoyenne: Activity, Passivity and the Revolutionary Conception of Citizen
European state 358 ship', in Colin Lucas (ed.), The Political Culture of the French Revolution
vo!. 2 (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1988), pp. 105-123.
ANDREW LINKLATER
Sage Publications for permission to reprint M. Mann, 'Ruling Class Strate-
75 Mobility, migrants and solidarity: towards an emerging
gies and Citizenship', Sociology, 21, 3, 1987,339-354. .
European citizenship regime 384
The University of Chicago Press for permission to reprint W. Kymlicka and
PATRIZIA NANZ
W. Norman, 'Return of the Citizen: A Survey of Recent Work on Citizenship
76 Citizenship, immigration, and the European social project: Theory', Ethics, 104, 2, 1994, 352-381.
rights and obligations of individuality 408
Sage Publications for permission to reprint B. S. Turner, 'Outline of a Theory
YASEMIN NUHOCLU SOYSAL
of Citizenship', Sociology, 24, 2, 1990, 189-217.
77 Comparative citizenship: a restrictive turn in Europe? 430
The University of Chicago Press for permission to reprint I. M. Young,
CHRISTIAN JOPPKE 'Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizen
ship', Ethics, 99, 2, 1989,250-274.
Index 459 John WiIey & Sons for permission to reprint 1. Habermas, 'Citizenship and
National Identity: Some Reflections on the Future of Europe', Praxis Inter
national, 12, 1, 1992, 1-9.
xiv xv
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Chronological table of reprinted articles and chapters
Date Author Title Source Vo!. Ch.
335-323 Aristotle Extracts from The Politics S. Everson (ed.), The Politics, Bk III I
Chs. 4 and 5, Bk VII Ch. 7,
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 1988.
1682 Samuel von Pufendorf Extracts from On the Duty of Man and James Tully (ed.), chapters 1, 5, 6, 7, I 3
Citizen According to Natural Law 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 18 in On the
Duty of Man and Citizen According (j
::t:
to Natural Law, Bk 2, Cambridge:
~
Cambridge University Press, 1991. 0
1753 Extracts from Encyclopedie ou Dictionnaire "Citoyen", 1753, Tome 3, D: I 2 Z
0
Raisonne Des Sciences, Des Arts Et Des Diderot, D'A lembert, 1. Le Rond t""
Metiers (eds), Paris: chez Briasson [et all, 0
>< 463-67. .0...
~:
1950 T. H. Marshall Extracts from Citizenship and social class 1. Manza and M. Sauder (eds), I 4 (j
>
Inequality and Society, New York:
t""
W W Norton, 2009, pp. 148-54.
>-3
1987 Joseph H. Carens Aliens and citizens: the case for open Review of Politics, 49, 251-73. II 32 >
borders C;I !
t""
1987 Mary G. Dietz Context is all: feminism and theories of Daedalus, 116:4, 1-24. II 19
ttI
citizenship
1987 Michael Ignatieff The myth of citizenship Queen's Quarterly, 99:4, 399-420. I 9
1987 Michael Mann Ruling class strategies and citizenship Sociology, 21:3, 339-54. I 8
1988 Desmond S. King and Citizenship, social citizenship and the British Journal of Political Science, III 42
Jeremy Waldron defence of welfare provision 18,415-43.
1988 William H. Sewell, Jr Le citoyenlla citoyenne: activity, passivity Colin Lucas (ed.), The Political I 7
and the revolutionary conception of Culture of the French Revolution,
citizenship vo 1. 2, Oxford: Pergamon Press,
pp. 105-23.
Chronological table continued
Date Author Title
Source Vol. Ch.
1989 Stuart Hall and David Citizens and citizenship
Held Stuart Hall and Martin Jacques (eds), II 27
New Times: The Changing Face of
Politics in the 1990s, London:
Lawrence and Wishart, pp. 173-188.
1989 Michael Walzer Citizenship
1: Ball, 1. Farr and R. L. Hanson (eds), I 6 -
Political Innovation and Conceptual
Change, Cambridge: Cambridge
(")
University Press, pp. 211-20.
1989 Iris Marion Young Polity and group difference: a critique of Ethics, 99:2, 250-74. I 13 ::;::tg:
the ideal of universal citizenship 0
1990 N.Barry Markets, citizenship and the welfare state: R. Plant and N. Barry, Citizenship .~Ill 43 0Z
some critical reflections
and Rights in Thatcher's Britain: t"'
S~: Two Views, London: Institute of 0
Economic Affairs, pp. 35-77. .0..-.
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and Donald D. Searing comments on theoretical themes t:Ii
1992 Jilrgen Habermas Citizenship and national identity: some Praxis International, 12:1, 1-9. I 14 tt."tl'
reflections on the future of Europe
1992 Chantal Mouffe Feminism, citizenship and radical
1. Butler and 1. Scott (eds), Feminists II 21
democratic politics
Theorize the Political, London:
Routledge, pp. 74-89.
111999999322 JAS. unGsna.e nA PM.h Piolollilcpeosrc akk in WCThioteimz ieednnes,ah lei pqo ufaa ncliidttyi zf,e eamnnsihdnii psct i stitizhneecnoes rchyli aps sical times QQuueeeenn''ss QQuuaarrtteerrllyy,, 9999::11,, 3536--5752.. II 152
Anne Phillips, Democracy and II 22
Difference, Canibridge: Polity Press
and Pennsylvania State University
Press, pp. 75-89.
l
1994 Will Kymlicka and Return of the citizen: a survey of recent Ethics, 104:2, 352-81. I 10
Wayne Norman work on citizenship theory
1994 Sylvia Walby Is citizenship gendered? SOciology, 28:2, 379-95. II 24
1995 Richard Bellamy and The New Right conception of citizenship Government and Opposition, 30, III 44
John Greenaway and the Citizen's Charter 469-91.
1995 Amy Gutmann Civic education and social diversity Ethics, 105,557-79. III 46
1995 Stephen Macedo Liberal civic education and religious EthicS, 105, 468-96. III 45
fundamentalism: the case of God v. John
Rawls?
1995 David Miller Citizenship and pluralism Political Studies, 43, 432-50. I 16
(")
1996 Andrew Linklater Citizenship and sovereignty in the post- European Journal of International IV 74
::t:
Westphalian European state Relations, 2:1, 77-103. :;:g
1997 Nira Yuva1-Davis Women, citizenship and difference Feminist Review, 57, 4-27. II 25 0
Z
1997 Yasemin Nuhoglu Changing parameters of citizenship and Theory and Society, 26:4, 509-27. III 49
0
Soysal claims-making: organized Islam in European t"'
public spheres 0
>~< . 1999 Jean L. Cohen Changing paradigms of citizenship and the International Sociology, 14:3, I 15 .0...-
exclusiveness of the demos 245-68. (")
>
1999 Christian Joppke How immigration is changing citizenship: a Ethnic and Racial Studies, 22:4, II 33
.t.",'
comparative view 629-52.
1999 James Tully The agonic freedom of citizens Economy and Society, 28:2, 161-82. III 40 >
1999-2000 David A. Martin New rules on dual nationality for a Georgetown Immigration Law IV 63 t:Ii
t"'
democratizing globe: between rejection and Journal, 14:1, 1-34. t.tl
embrace
2000 Nigel Dower The idea of global citizenship: a Global Society, 14:4,553-67. IV 59
sympathetic assessment
2000 Richard Falk The decline of citizenship in an era of Citizenship Studies, 4:1,5-17. III 54
globalization
2000 Elizabeth Frazer Citizenship education: anti-political culture Political Studies, 48, 88-103. III 47
and political education in Britain
2000 Jeremy Jennings Citizenship, republicanism and British Journal of Political Science, II 31
multiculturalism in contemporary France 30,575-98.
Chronological table continued
Date Author Title Source Vol. Ch.
2000 Will Kymlicka and Citizenship in culturally diverse societies: Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman II 29
Wayne Norman issues, contexts, concepts
(eds), Citizenship in Diverse Societies,
Oxford: Oxford University Press,
pp. 1-4l.
2000 David Miller Bounded citizenship
Citizenship and National Identity, IV 61
Cambridge: Polity, pp. 81-96.
2000 Ayelet Shachar On citizenship and multi cultural Political Theory, 28:1, 64-89. II 30
vulnerabili ty
2000 Hege Skjeie and Birte Scandinavian feminist debates on citizenship International Political Science III 48
Siim
Review, 21:4, 345-60.
2001 Ken Plummer The square of intimate citizenship: some Citizenship Studies, 5:3, 237-53. II 23
preliminary proposals
>><< 22000033 BBhreiktth Buo Pwadreenk h CThoesm poerpiolsl iotafn gislmob aaln cdi tgizloebnashl icpi tizenship RCeitviizeewns ohifp I nStteurdniaetsi,o 7n:a3l, S3t4u9d-ie6s2, . 29: 1, IIVV 7710
3-17.
2003 Saskia Sassen The repositioning of citizenship: emergent CR- The New Centennial Review, 3, III 41
subjects and spaces for politics 4-26.
2004 Janet Con way Citizenship in a time of empire: the world Citizenship Studies, 8:4, 367-81. III 52
social forum. as a new public space
2004 Cecile Laborde Republican citizenship and the crisis of R. Bellamy, D. Castiglione and E. III 50
integration in France
Santoro (eds), Lineages of Citizenship:
Rights, Belonging and Participation in
Eleven Nation-States, Basingstoke:
Palgrave, pp. 46-72.
2004 Yasemin NuhogIu Postnational citizenship: reconfiguring the K. Nash and A. Scott (eds), The IV 62
Soysal familiar terrain
Blackwell Companion to Political
Sociology, 2nd edn, Oxford:
Blackwell,pp. 333-4l.
22000055 ASenynlae -BMeanrhiea bFibo rtier BProirddee rpso, lbitoicusn adnadri ems ualntidc uclittuizraelnissht icpi tizenship EPtohlintiicca al nSdci Renacceia &l SPtoulditiiecss,, 2388::34,, 565793--7787.. 1I1V 5286
l
2005 Simon Hailwood Environmental citizenship as reasonable Environmental Politics, 14:2, III 56 !
citizenship 195-210.
2005 Claudio L6pez-Guerra Should expatriates vote? Journal of Political Philosophy, 13:2, IV 66
216-34.
2006 Chris Armstrong Global civil society and the question of Voluntas: International Journal of III 53
global citizenship Voluntary and Nonprojit
Organisations, 17:4, 349-57.
2006 Iris Marion Young Responsibility and global justice: a social E. F. Paul, F. D. Miller and 1. Paul III 55
connection model (eds), Justice and Global Politics,
Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, pp. 102-30.
2007 Rainer Baubock Stakeholder citizenship and transnational Fordham Law Review, 75:5, IV 65
political participation: a normative 2393-447.
evaluation of external voting
2007 Ruth Lister Inclusive citizenship: realizing the potential Citizenship Studies, 11:1, 49-6l. 11 20
2007 Nira Yuval-Davis Intersectionality, citizenship and Critical Review of Social and III 51
contemporary politics of belonging Political Philosophy, 10:4, 561-74.
><
~. 2008 Richard Bellamy Evaluating Union citizenship: belonging, Citizenship Studies, 12:6, 597-611. IV 73
rights and participation within the EU
2008 Russell 1. Dalton Citizenship norms and the expansion of Political Studies, 56:1, 76-98. III 38
political participation
2008 Christian Joppke Comparative citizenship: a restrictive turn in Law and Ethics of Human Rights, IV 77
Europe? 2:1, 128-68.
2008 David Miller Immigrants, nations and citizenship Journal of Political Philosophy, 16:4, 11 34
371-90.
2008 Bryan S. Turner Citizenship, reproduction and the state: Citizenship Studies, 12:1,45-54. II 35
international marriage and human rights
2009 Rainer Baubock and Realignments of citizenship: reassessing Citizenship Studies, 13:5, 439-50. IV 64
Virginie Guiraudon rights in the age of plural memberships and
multi-level governance
2009 Linda Bosniak Citizenship, noncitizenship, and the S. Benhabib and 1. Resnik (eds), IV 69
transnationalization of domestic work Migrations and Mobilities:
Citizenship, Borders and Gender, New
York; London: New York University
Press, pp. 127-56.
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INTRODUCTION
The theories and practices of citizenship
Richard Bellamy
These four volumes explore different theories and practices of citizenship
from ancient Greece to the present. This period has witnessed significant
changes as to who can be a citizen, the topic of Volume n, how we exercise
citizenship - the rights and duties of citizenship and the practices through
which we use them - examined in Volume Ill, and where citizenship is located
_ the nature of the political community to which a citizen belongs - the
subject of Volume IV, For example, much of the history of citizenship has
involved the struggle for the inclusion of the property less, women and ethnic
minorities, into the fold of citizens, Likewise, the range of political rights
and duties has altered over time, as have the degree and ways they need to
be performed, In most countries, military service has ceased to be a core
civic duty, while political participation has become increasingly limited to
a voluntary and periodic act of voting for a decision-maker rather than
regular and sustained direct involvement in decision-making, The type of
political community deemed to sustain a form of citizenship has also evolved,
expanding beyond the city to encompass nation states, empires, and inter
national bodies such as the EU.
An obvious question arises given these multiple transformations of the
character of citizenship: namely, are there any defining characteristics of
citizenship that enable us to identify all these different conceptions as
variations on the same basic concept? Or are they all so different that it is
misleading to assume that any real continuity underlies the use of the same
term to refer to very different phenomena? At least one reason for thinking
that looking for some continuity is not entirely misplaced is historical. As
,S §N John Pocock (1992) notes, in the article collected as Chapter 5 of Vo!. I, within
~ Z
the western political tradition, at least, the writings of ancient Greek and
cd
'N Roman authors on citizenship have been 'classic' not simply in deriving from
'I::
£ a period often deemed 'classical' but in being acknowledged as setting the terms
of reference for later theories, To a greater or lesser degree, subsequent theories
have conceived themselves as adopting, adapting, adding to, abstracting from
and abandoning key features of these classic positions, In what follows, we
0\ 0 o ...... N.... ..
00 0...... 8 8 o o begin by looking at the classic conceptions and the underlying concept they
NN N N N N
xxii