Table Of ContentCITIZENSHIP IN MOTION
South African and Japanese
Scholars in Conversation
Edited by
Itsuhiro Hazama, Kiyoshi Umeya &
Francis B. Nyamnjoh
In collaboration
Langaa RPCIG CAAS
Mankon Bamenda Kyoto University
Publisher:
Langaa RPCIG
Langaa Research & Publishing Common Initiative Group
P.O. Box 902 Mankon
Bamenda
North West Region
Cameroon
[email protected]
www.langaa-rpcig.net
In Collaboration with
The Center for African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
Distributed in and outside N. America by African Books Collective
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www.africanbookscollective.com
ISBN-10: 9956-550-68-X
ISBN-13: 978-9956-550-68-5
© Itsuhiro Hazama, Kiyoshi Umeya & Francis B. Nyamnjoh 2019
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or be stored in any
information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher
Notes on Contributors
Tamara Enomoto is Visiting Associate Professor at the Meiji University
Research Institute for the History of Global Arms Transfer. From 2013 to 2015,
she worked at an international NGO as a policy officer on humanitarian and
arms control issues. Her research interests range from African politics, critical
security studies and history of arms control and disarmament. Her publications
include ‘Agency detached from global civil society: The case of the Acholi region
of northern Uganda’, Japanese Journal of Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 83, No. 2 (2018,
in Japanese), Disarmament and Arms Control in the History of International Politics:
From the Nineteenth Century to the Present (Editor, 2017, Nihon Keizai Hyouronsha,
in Japanese), ‘Controlling arms transfers to non-state actors: From the
emergence of the sovereign-state system to the present’ History of Global Arms
Transfer, No. 3 (2017), and ‘Governing the vulnerable self at home and abroad:
Peace and justice in northern Uganda and ‘KONY 2012’, African Study
Monographs, Supplementary Issue 50 (2014).
Harry Garuba is Professor of African Studies and English at the University of
Cape Town, South Africa. He has previously taught at other African universities,
such as the University of Ibadan and the University of Zululand, and has held
research fellowships at the University of Texas in Austin, the WEB DuBois
Institute at Harvard and at Emory University. In addition to being an author
and poet, he was a member of the editorial advisory board of the Heinemann
African Writers Series and was one of the founding editors of the electronic
journal, Postcolonial Text, devoted to the study of literatures from the postcolonial
world. His has published widely in the field of African literature and postcolonial
studies. His current research interests include debates in world literature,
postcolonial studies and decoloniality, animist epistemologies, modernity and
difference. His recent publications explored issues of mapping, space and
subjectivity within a colonial and postcolonial context, and issues of modernity
and local agency. He is the author of Shadow and Dreams and Other Poems (1982),
Animist Chants and Memorials (2017) and editor of Voices from the Fringe: An ANA
Anthology of New Nigerian Poetry (1988).
Itsuhiro Hazama is Associate Professor of Anthropology at the School of
Global Social Sciences and Humanities, Nagasaki University, Japan. He has
conducted research in north-eastern Uganda as well as western Kenya. His main
interests are nomadic ethnography, studies on man–animal interaction and life
history. His recent works include: ‘Potentials of African Pastoralism: Practice of
Citizenship for Livelihood in East African Pastoral Society’, African Study
Monographs, Supplementary issue Vol. 56 (2018), ‘Ugandan Pastoralists’
Everyday Histories of Gun Acquisition and State Violence’, History of Global
Arms Transfer, Vol. 6 (2018), and Logics of Coexistence in Pastoralists’ World (Kyoto
University Press 2015, in Japanese).
Olivia Joanes completed her undergraduate degree at the University of the
Western Cape, majoring in anthropology, psychology and history. She
completed her honour’s degree in social anthropology at the University of Cape
Town where her research focus was citizenship beyond constitutional provision
in South Africa in a Cape Flats community, Bonteheuwel. She is currently
pursuing her masters’ degree at the University of Cape Town in the hope of
continuing the research undertaken for her honour’s degree.
Minga Mbweck Kongo is a PhD student in anthropology at the University of
Cape Town. His master’s degree research focused on water scarcity in Cape
Town. Minga first pursued the medical field and graduated with a Bachelor of
Science (Bio-medical Science) degree from the University of Lubumbashi in
2000. His doubtful questions about African development and his personal life
experience led him to obtain an honour’s degree in social anthropology at the
University of Cape Town. He completed a course in leadership at UCT in 2016
and held a scholarship from the Mastercard Foundation Scholar’s Program. He
is busy finalising an autoethnographic book on undesirable mobility. Minga is
multilingual and speaks nine African languages, including conversational Xhosa,
as well as French.
Claire-Anne Lester is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology and
Anthropology at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, and has an MPhil in
Justice and Transformation from the University of Cape Town. Broad research
interests include transitional and economic justice, political economy, discourse
and ideology. Her current research focus is the function of official ‘truth-
seeking’ commissions of inquiry that investigate state violence in the
suppression of labour uprisings. A recent co-authored publication addresses the
politics of transformation in South African Universities, ‘Falling Rainbows
Anatomy of a False Choice: Student Voice.’ New Agenda: South African Journal of
Social and Economic Policy 2017, No. 64 (2017): 36–38.
Ayanda Manqoyi is a PhD student of anthropology at the University of
California, Davis, in the United States of America. With an MPhil (Master of
Philosophy) in Sustainable Minerals Development, his research work focused
on black youth entrepreneurs in disadvantaged mining towns. His current
research interest is on ageing in cities in South Africa. This research is an
extension of his interest to understand how family obligation, known in South
Africa as ‘black tax’, mediates when one ascends to institutionalised black
middle class. He recently published a chapter titled ‘Researching Cannibalising
Obligations in Post-apartheid South Africa’ in an edited volume by Francis
Nyamnjoh under the book title Eating and being Eaten: Cannibalism as Food for
Thought.
Msakha Mona is an artist, scholar and teacher with a very keen interest in the
decolonisation project. In the research for his master’s degree, Msakha focused
on curriculum development, and he continues to do work in this field. Msakha
is currently working towards his PhD in African Studies at the University of
Cape Town, with specific focus on the land distribution question. Msakha is
also an nGAP lecturer in Culture and Heritage Studies at the University of
Mpumalanga.
Gaku Moriguchi is part-time lecturer at Gakushūin University, Tōyō
University, Asia University and Tokyo University of Agriculture. He majored in
social anthropology with particular focus on development and urbanity in
Uganda and East Africa.
Zuziwe Msomi is an nGAP lecturer at the University of Cape in the African
Studies Department. She completed her master’s degree on indigenous
knowledge at Rhodes University, and is currently pursuing her PhD on
whiteness.
Anye-Nkwenti Nyamnjoh is a PhD candidate in the Department of Politics
and International Studies at the University of Cambridge, where he is currently
working on themes related to epistemic decolonisation. He holds an MPhil in
Justice and Transformation from the University of Cape Town, and co-
authored Moral Eyes: Youth and Justice in Cameroon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and South
Africa (2018).
Francis B. Nyamnjoh is a Cameroonian national currently working in South
Africa. He joined the University of Cape Town in August 2009 as Professor of
Social Anthropology from the Council for the Development of Social Science
Research in Africa (CODESRIA) in Dakar, Senegal, where he served as Head
of Publications from July 2003 to July 2009. He is a B1 rated Professor and
Researcher by the South African National Research Foundation (NRF), has
been a Fellow of the Cameroon Academy of Science since August 2011, a
fellow of the African Academy of Science since December 2014, a fellow of the
Academy of Science of South Africa since 2016, and Chair of the Editorial
Board of the South African Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Press
since January 2011. His publications of relevance to mobility, citizenship,
belonging and xenophobia include: Africa’s Media, Democracy and the Politics of
Belonging (2005); Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in
Contemporary Southern Africa (2006); ‘C’est l’homme qui fait l’homme’: Cul-de-Sac
Ubuntu-ism in Côte d’Ivoire (2015); #RhodesMustFall: Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in
South Africa (2016); Mobilities, ICTs; and Marginality in Africa: Comparative Perspectives
(co-edited with Ingrid Brudvig 2015).
Marlon Swai is a hip-hop artist from Cape Town with a background in spoken
word and graphic design. His research and dissertation evaluates how the youth
movement forms the backbone of hip hop in South Africa, and how it
simultaneously supplements and critiques formal education by promoting the
kind of politicisation and awareness raising that is indispensable to various kinds
of social justice work. In addition to researching the pedagogical approaches
within resistive art, Marlon’s academic interests expand to hip hop’s potential
for galvanising Pan-African collaboration towards social justice, specifically with
regard to issues around gender discrimination in relation to masculinity,
internalised oppression and the politics of representation. His curiosity for the
workings of cross-cultural imagination and communication is fed by his
experience of spending the last eight years in Brooklyn, Harlem and the Bronx
where he supported immigrant and refugee youth in their acquisition of English
language and literacy, as well as their socio-emotional adjustment to life in the
United States. Marlon’s future interests include the flipped classroom in the
African context, youth activist contributions to critical literacies, the political
economy of small-scale environmental sustainability work and a continued
exploration in developing pedagogy for healthy masculinities. He currently
lectures in the anthropology section of the AXL School at the University of
Cape Town.
Noriko Tahara is Professor of Sociology in the Faculty of Humanities and
Social Sciences, Shitennoji University. Her book, Episteme of Inclusion and Release:
Practices of Everyday Life with Special Reference to Asante, Ghana (Sagano Syoin, 2007,
in Japanese) is the unique ethnography presenting rich description based on her
long-term and sympathetic fieldwork in the village in Ghana. Since 1998, her
interest has extended to multi-ethnicity, multi-nationality and multi-identity
embodied intensively in the lives of peoples in a small village of Lake Albert,
Uganda.
Toshiki Tsuchitori is a PhD student at the Graduate School for Intercultural
Studies, Kobe University, and a part-time lecturer at Shitennoji University. He
majors in cultural anthropology and folklore. He is researching on
contemporary folk religion in Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
Kiyoshi Umeya is Professor of Social Anthropology at Graduate School for
Intercultural Studies, Kobe University, and currently Visiting Professor at the
University of Cape Town. He has carried out fieldwork among the Jopadhola,
eastern Uganda extensively since 1997, belonging to Makerere Institute of Social
Research and Faculty of Social Sciences, Makerere University. His recent book,
The Gospel Sounds like the Witch’s Spell: Ethnographic Aetiology Concerning Misfortune
among Jopadhola, Eastern Uganda, Tokyo: Fukyoshya (2018, in Japanese) is an
ethnography that attempts to reveal cosmology or ontology of the Jopadhola,
an ethnic group of Western Nilotes. Once he served as expert for the Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA), to grapple with ‘Eradication of
Poverty and Integral Development in Rural Uganda’.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction:
Flexible Citizenship in the 21st Century Africa ............................ 1
Itsuhiro Hazama, Kiyoshi Umeya &
Francis B. Nyamnjoh
SECTION A: CONCEPTUALISATIONS:
AN EXPLORATION OF THE LITERATURE
IN BROAD STROKES
Chapter 2: Global and African
Discourses on Citizenship ............................................................ 39
Anye-Nkwenti Nyamnjoh & Claire-Anne Lester
Chapter 3: Inclusive Citizenship:
Review of Literature63
Ayanda Manqoyi
Chapter 4: Demarcating Battle Lines:
Citizenship and Agency in the Era of Misanthropy ..................... 87
Tamara Enomoto
SECTION B: CITIZENSHIP
INFORMED BY INTERCONNECTEDNESS
Chapter 5: Citizenship Practices in the
Resistance of North-eastern
Ugandan Pastoralists .................................................................... 121
Itsuhiro Hazama
Chapter 6: Reflexive Accounts on
Uganda General Election 2016:
The Agency of the Dead and Its
Effect among Western Nilotes ...................................................... 149
Kiyoshi Umeya
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