Table Of ContentGovernance and Citizenship in Asia
Toshifumi Hirata Editor
Citizenship
Education in
the ASEAN
Community
Governance and Citizenship in Asia
Series Editors
Kerry J. Kennedy, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Sonny Shiu Hing Lo, School of Professional and Continuing Education, The
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Aims and Scope
This series explores how citizenship is shaped by social, political, cultural and
historical contexts and how it may be moulded to serve the nation state in the age of
globalization. In these publications we see how governance relates to all aspects of
civic life, including politics, public policy, administration, civil society and the
economy, as well as the core values of society.
Titles cover themes including public trust and trust building, the role of civil
society, citizens’ rights and obligations, citizenship identities including those
related to gender, class and ethnicities. Authors explore how young people are
shaped by democratic and traditional value systems and the importance of
citizenship challenges in the Asia Pacific region.
Research collaborations in this interdisciplinary series probe questions such as:
What are the links between ‘good governance’ and new forms of citizenship? What
is the role of citizenship education as a tool in state formation and the development
of active citizenship cultures? How do we explain the distinctive features of
governance and citizenship in Asian societies?
Through these publications we see that citizenship is an integral part of ‘good
governance’ and that such governance ultimately enriches citizenship. Scholarly
investigation and academic dialogue in this series describe the interdependence and
mutuality of governance and citizenship.
Please contact Melody Zhang (e-mail: [email protected]) for
submitting book proposals for this series.
Toshifumi Hirata
Editor
Citizenship Education
in the ASEAN Community
Editor
Toshifumi Hirata
Faculty of Education
Oita University
Oita City, Japan
ISSN 2365-6255 ISSN 2365-6263 (electronic)
Governance and Citizenship in Asia
ISBN 978-981-19-3691-3 ISBN 978-981-19-3692-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3692-0
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022
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Preface
This publication was made possible with the support and cooperation of numerous
collaborators and research partners, educators from countries in the Association
of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the editors of this series at Springer.
Despite the unexpected influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors invested
extraordinary time and effort into writing this book while teaching and conducting
research in an unfamiliar online environment. We express our gratitude to them.
Sadly, our Thai collaborator, Associate Professor Sumontip Boonsombuti, passed
away suddenly during the research period. This is her last publication. All members
of the research team would like to express their sincerest condolences. We pray that
the soul rests in peace.
This book was edited and published based on the research results of a report funded
by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research: KAKENHI, International Comparative Study on Citizenship Education
in the ASEAN Countries and Education for ASEANness 2010–2013, Project No.
22252007. We are deeply grateful to JSPS for making this publication possible.
The report was published in Japanese as ASEAN Kyoudoutai no Shiminsei Kyouiku
(Citizenship Education in the ASEAN Community; Hirata, 2017, Tokyo: Toshindo).
This book reconsiders a conceptual and theoretical framework for citizenship educa-
tion by rearranging the essence of reports from the ten ASEAN countries in the
Japanese report.
Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to those who helped with the
English-language editing: the native English speakers at our colleagues’ institutions,
Editage (editage.com), CRL Co., Ltd. (corp-crl.com), Enago (enago.jp), and DeepL
(deepl.com). We thank them for their assistance in preparing this manuscript.
Oita City, Japan Toshifumi Hirata
v
Contents
Part I The ASEAN Community and Citizenship Education
1 The ASEAN Community and the Study on Citizenship
Education .................................................... 3
Toshifumi Hirata
2 The Conceptual Framework of Citizenship Education
in the ASEAN Community ..................................... 17
Toshifumi Hirata and Minoru Morishita
Part II Citizenship Education in the ASEAN Countries
3 Citizenship Education in Brunei: Raising Awareness
of ASEANness ................................................ 43
Akiko Kamogawa, Sallimah M. Salleh, and Rosmawijah Jawawi
4 Citizenship Education in Cambodia: National and Regional
ASEAN Citizenship Education in Post-Conflict Contexts .......... 67
Saori Hagai
5 Citizenship Education in Indonesia: Aiming to Be a Member
of the ASEAN Community ..................................... 85
Yuki Nakata, Andi Suwirta, and Mina Hattori
6 Citizenship Education in Lao PDR: Developing Increased
Awareness for ASEAN Toward Globalization .................... 107
Miki Inui and Souphany Heuangkeo
7 Citizenship Education in Malaysia: Through Surveys
on the Development of Students’ Citizenship Abilities
and ASEAN Awareness ........................................ 135
Masahiro Teshima and Kumaraguru Ramayah
vii
viii Contents
8 Citizenship Education in Myanmar: Developing Global
Citizens ...................................................... 157
Toshifumi Hirata and Minoru Morishita
9 Citizenship Education in the Philippines: Education
for ASEANness ............................................... 175
Hirofumi Nagahama, Arthur S. Abulencia, and Jerick C. Ferrer
10 Citizenship Education in Singapore: Implementation
of Character and Citizenship Education and Revised National
Education .................................................... 203
Mitsuhiro Ikeda
11 Citizenship Education in Thailand: From the Persistence
of Traditional Citizenship to the Next Step ....................... 215
Sunate Kampeeraparb, Koro Suzuki, Chantana Chanbanchong,
Sumlee Thongthew, Sumontip Boonsombuti,
and Waraiporn Sangnapaboworn
12 Citizenship Education in Vietnam: Cultivation of ASEANness ..... 237
Masao Ishimura
Part III Citizenship Education Paradigm for Surviving the 21st
Century in the ASEAN Community
13 Comparative Analysis of Citizenship Education in the ASEAN
Community ................................................... 263
Minoru Morishita, Toshifumi Hirata, and Masahiro Teshima
14 Citizenship Education in the ASEAN Community: Summary
and Recommendations ......................................... 295
Toshifumi Hirata, Minoru Morishita, Masahiro Teshima,
and Kumaraguru Ramayah
Part I
The ASEAN Community and Citizenship
Education
Chapter 1
The ASEAN Community and the Study
on Citizenship Education
Toshifumi Hirata
Abstract The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established in
1967. The ASEAN Community was established in 2015 and has been successful to
date. This book had several goals: (1) discussing the fundamental issues of citizen-
ship education in the ASEAN community, namely, ASEAN identity, ASEANness,
and the citizenship characteristics required in the twenty-first century; (2) summa-
rizing citizenship education in the ten ASEAN countries, including the latest reform
trends, students’ citizenship consciousness, and citizenship goals to be achieved over
the next ten years; and (3) conducting a comparative analysis of the ten countries
and providing a summary and recommendations for citizenship education in the
ASEAN countries in the twenty-first century. The book’s main theme is citizenship
education in the ASEAN Community. This chapter provides an overview of the
ASEAN Community, previous studies, the book’s structure, the study’s background,
history, purpose, research methods, characteristics, significance, target audience, and
limitations, as well as the investigation results concerning the ten ASEAN countries.
· · ·
Keywords ASEAN Community ASEANness Citizenship characteristics
Citizenship education
1.1 The ASEAN Community
In 1961, Thailand, the Philippines, and the Federation of Malaya established the
Association of Southeast Asia (ASA). In 1967, Indonesia, Singapore, and the three
ASA countries signed the ASEAN Declaration (or Bangkok Declaration), pledging
to promote economic, social, and cultural progress through mutual aid and coopera-
tion to ensure peace and accelerate development. The ASEAN–Japan Centre noted
that the Vietnam War and fears about the spread of communism encouraged further
regional cooperation. While the ASA remained dormant due to political disputes
between member nations, a fresh movement emerged to form the new regional
B
T. Hirata ( )
Faculty of Education, Oita University, Oita City 870-1192, Japan
e-mail: [email protected]
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 3
T. Hirata (ed.), Citizenship Education in the ASEAN Community,
Governance and Citizenship in Asia, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3692-0_1
