Citizens or Papists?: The Politics of Anti-Catholicism in New York, 1685–1821 (Hudson Valley Heritage)

272 Pages·2005·0.8 MB·English

by  Jason Duncan

Citizens or Papists?
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hudson valley heritage series
RobertF.Jones,serieseditor
1. RobertO.Binnewies,Palisades:100,000Acresin100Years.
2. Brian J. Cudahy, Rails Under the Mighty Hudson: The Story of
theHudsonTubes,thePennsyTunnels,andManhattanTransfer.
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Citizens or Papists?
the politics of anti-catholicism
in new york, 1685–1821
Jason K. Duncan
fordham university press new york 2005
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Copyright(cid:2)2005FordhamUniversityPress
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybe
reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or
transmittedinanyformorbyanymeans—electronic,
mechanical,photocopy,recording,orany
other—exceptforbriefquotationsinprintedreviews,
withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
HudsonValleyHeritageSeries,No.3
ISSN1534-1399
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Duncan,JasonK.
CitizensorPapists?:thepoliticsofAnti-
CatholicisminNewYork,1685–1821/JasonK.
Duncan.—1sted.
p. cm.—(HudsonValleyheritageseries;3)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-8232-2512-7(hardcover)
1.Anti-Catholicism—NewYork—History. 2.
CatholicChurch—NewYork—History. 3.
Christianityandpolitics—NewYork. 4.New
York—Churchhistory. I.Title. II.Series.
BR520.D86 2005
305.6(cid:2)82747—dc22 2005016811
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
07 06 05 5 4 3 2 1
Firstedition
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Tomyparents,DavidandKayDuncan
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Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction xiii
Prologue:‘‘DisordertoNoneButPapists’’:Leisler’s
RebellionandtheMakingofAnti-CatholicisminColonial
NewYork 1
1: ‘‘TheHandofPoperyinthisHellishConspiracy’’:The
LegacyofAnti-CatholicisminColonialNewYork 19
2: ‘‘TheEncouragementPoperyHadMetWith’’:Catholics
andReligiousLibertyinRevolutionaryNewYork 30
3: ‘‘NoForeignEcclesiasticalAuthority’’:Catholicsand
RepublicanCitizenship 54
4: ‘‘FederalistsandToriesCarryingEverythingWithAHigh
Hand’’:CatholicsandthePoliticsofthe1790s 81
5: ‘‘InAllCountriesSuchDistinctionsAreOdious:InNone
MoreSoThanThis’’:PoliticalEqualityintheEarly
Republic 109
6: ‘‘AMiddleParty?’’:CatholicsandRepublicanNationalism 133
7: ‘‘TheGreatChainofNationalUnion’’:Catholicsandthe
RepublicanTriumph 161
Conclusion:‘‘AMostDemocraticandRepublicanClass’’ 189
vii
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viii Contents
Notes 197
Bibliography 225
Index 245
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Acknowledgments
With so much thanks to give, I would like to express my deep ap-
preciationandgratitudetomymanyoutstandingteachers,beginning
with those at St. Catherine of Siena School and Christian Brothers
AcademyinAlbany.SpecialthanksgotoBernieLammersandRuth
Kreuzer of St. Lawrence University and Richard Stites of George-
townUniversity.AttheUniversityofIowa,whereIbeganthisproj-
ect, I was fortunate enough to meet and work with the late Sydney
V. James, who taught me much about the craft of history and of
the pleasures of early American history. From my first semester in
graduate school at Iowa, Allen Steinberg pushed me to do my best
workandalsotookmyscholarshiponitsownterms,forwhichIam
very grateful. Linda Kerber’s sharing of her deep understanding of
the early republic and her important words of wisdom and encour-
agementhave alsoshapedthis work.AlthoughEllisHawley wasnot
involvedinthisproject,Ilearnedmuchfromhim,asIdidfromShel
Stromquist, Ken Cmiel, and Dwight Bozeman. Sarah Hanley and
MacRohrboughwereextraordinaryintheirgenerosityandhospital-
ity. I would be remiss if I did not thank the staff at Iowa, especially
Mary Strottman and Jean Aiken, for their friendship and assistance
at many a key moment. Iowa City was also the scene of a lively
graduatecommunityduringthe1990s;DanLewis,JohnFry,Michael
ix
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