Table Of ContentCities of the World
Regional Patterns and Urban Environments
SEVENTH EDITION
EDITED BY
STANLEY D. BRUNN, DONALD J. ZEIGLER,
MAUREEN HAYS-MITCHELL, JESSICA
AND
K.GRAYBILL
Executive Editor: Susan McEachern
Assistant Editor: Katelyn Turner
Senior Marketing Manager: Jonathan Raeder
Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with
permission, appear on the appropriate pages within the text.
Published by Rowman & Littlefield
An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowman.com
6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom
Copyright © 2020 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
Third Edition 2003. Fourth Edition 2008. Fifth Edition 2011. Sixth Edition 2016.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or
mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission
from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019957453
ISBN 978-1-5381-2634-9 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-1-5381-2635-6 (electronic)
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National
Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO
Z39.48–1992.
Cities of the World, Seventh Edition, is dedicated to
Stanley D. Brunn,
geographer extraordinaire, who has
richly earned the title Editor Emeritus for his
imaginative leadership in launching the first edition
of Cities of the World in 1982, for his friendship to
the editors and authors of all editions, for his steady
hand in guiding five revisions of the book, and for the
inspiration he provided for this, the seventh edition.
Contents
List of Illustrations
Preface
1 World Urban Development
Jessica K. Graybill, Maureen Hays-Mitchell, and Donald J. Zeigler
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
The World Urban System: Prospects until 2050
World Urbanization: Past Trends
Early Urbanization: Antiquity to Fifth Century CE
The Middle Period: Fifth to Seventeenth Century CE
Industrial and Postindustrial Urbanization: Eighteenth Century to the
Present
City Functions and Urban Economies
City Functions
Sectors of the Urban Economy
Basic and Nonbasic Economic Activities
Theories on the Spatial Structure of Cities
The Concentric Zone Model
The Sector Model
The Multiple Nuclei Model
The Inverse Concentric Zone Model
Urban Challenges
Managing the Environment and Climate Change
Managing Population Size and Growth
Managing Urban Services
Managing Slums and Squatter Settlements
Managing Society
Managing Unemployment
Managing Racial and Ethnic Issues
Managing Privacy
Managing Modernization and Globalization
Managing Traffic
Managing Urban Governance
Concepts, Terms, and Definitions
Capital City
City
Colonial City
Conurbation
Galactic Metropolis
Hyperurbanization
Industrial City
Megacity
Megalopolis
Metacity
Metropolis and Metropolitan Area
New Town
Preindustrial City
Postindustrial City
Primate City
Rank-Size Rule
Site and Situation
Socialist and Postsocialist City
Suburbia
Sustainable City
Urbanism
Urbanization
Urban Agglomeration
Urban Area
Urban Place
Urban: Landscape
World City
Suggested Resources
2 Cities of the United States and Canada
Nathaniel M. Lewis and Kai Kenttamaa-Squires
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
Historical Overview
The Era of Colonial Mercantilism: 1700–1840
The Era of Industrial Capitalism: 1840–1970
The Era of Postindustrial Capitalism: 1975–Present
Models of Urban Structure
Distinctive Cities
New York City: America’s Global Metropolis
Los Angeles: Outward Glitz, Inner Turmoil
Montreal: Moving Uphill from Upheaval
Ottawa: A Capital of Compromise
Washington, DC: A New Immigrant Gateway
Miami: Window on the Caribbean
Urban Problems and Prospects
Globalization and the Urban Hierarchy
Globalization and Localization
Immigration and Increasing Diversity
Women in the City
Urban LGBTQ Communities
Security and Urban Fortification
Rebuilding and Memorialization
Urban Environmental Issues
Water
Water Supply
Water Quality
Air Pollution
Climate Change
Conclusion
Suggested Resources
3 Cities of Middle America
Rebecca Clouser, Yadira Méndez-Lemus, and John C. Finn
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
Historical Evolution of Urban Development
Mexico
Central America
The Caribbean
Attempts to Model Middle American Cities
Laws of the Indies
The Griffin-Ford Model
The Borsdorf, Bähr, and Janoschka Model
Contemporary Urban Systems
Urban Hierarchy
Transnational Urbanization
Economic Integration
International Migration
Tourism
Distinctive Cities
Mexico City: A Palimpsest Reflecting Four Centuries of History
Oaxaca: Cultural Heritage and Tourism
Panama City: Crossroads of the World
Havana: The Key to the Indies
Port-au-Prince: City of Survivors
Urban Trends, Challenges, and Prospects
Urban Economy
Socio-Natural Hazards and Disasters
Security and Violence
Conclusion
Suggested Resources
4 Cities of South America
Brian J. Godfrey, Maureen Hays-Mitchell, and Risa Whitson
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
Urban Patterns and Trends in South America
Critical Issues
Urban Primacy, Regional Migration, and Uneven Development
Socioeconomic Polarization, Spatial Segregation, and Informal
Urbanization
Economic Restructuring, Structural Adjustment, and Social
Movements
Environmental Change, Infrastructural Decline, and Sustainability
Planning
Historical Perspectives on South American Cities
Pre-Columbian Urbanism
Colonial Cities: Spanish versus Portuguese America
Neocolonial Urbanization: Political Independence, Economic
Dependence
The Twentieth Century: The Urban Century
The Twenty-First Century: New Directions?
Urban Spatial Models
Distinctive Cities
Brazilian Urbanism: The Planned Capital and the Regional
Megalopolis
Rio de Janeiro: The “Wonderful City” and its Discontents
São Paulo: A Global City with Growing Pains
Lima: Hyperurbanization and Climate Change in Andean America
Buenos Aires: Global City of the Southern Cone
Urban Challenges and Prospects
The Urban Economy and Social Justice
Defensive Urbanism and Self-Help Housing
Spatial Segregation, Land Use, and Environmental Injustices
Prospects for the Future
Suggested Resources
5 Cities of Europe
Linda McCarthy, Joseph Brady, and Niamh Moore-Cherry
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
Historical Perspectives on Urban Development
Classical Period: 800 BCE–450 CE
Medieval Period: 450–1300 CE
Renaissance and Baroque Periods: 1300–1760 CE
Industrial Period: 1760–1945 CE
Post–World War II Period
Globalization, Urban Policy, and Planning
European and Global Linkages
Urban Policy and Planning
Changing Urban Structure and Functions
High Density and Compact Form
Town Squares and Historic Street Patterns
Bustling City Centers
Major Landmarks
Neighborhood Stability and Change
Suburbanization
Housing
Urban Models
The Core-Periphery Model
The Northwestern European City Model
The Mediterranean City Model
Distinctive Cities
London: Europe’s Premier Global City
Paris: France’s Primate City Par Excellence
Barcelona: Capital of Catalunya
Oslo: Low-Key Capital of Norway
Berlin: The Past Always Present in Germany’s Capital
Bucharest: New Little Paris of the East?
Urban Trends, Challenges, and Prospects
Suggested Resources
6 Cities of Russia and Central Asia
Jessica K. Graybill, Megan L. Dixon, and Elena Trubina
Key Urban Facts
Key Chapter Themes
Historical Evolution of the Urban System
The Pre-Soviet Period: Birth of the Urban System
The Soviet Period: New Urban Patterns
Urban and Regional Planning in the Soviet Period
The Urban Environment in the Soviet Period
Late Soviet Period: The Beginning of Change
Contemporary Russia: Reconfiguring the Urban System
Political Urban Transformation
Changing Urban Structure and Function
Sociocultural Urban Transformation
Twenty-First Century Environmental Concerns
