Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide for Clinicians and Investigators

251 Pages·2020·4.888 MB·English

by  R. Robert Auger

Circadian Rhythm
Sleep-Wake
Disorders
An Evidence-Based Guide for
Clinicians and Investigators
R. Robert Auger
Editor
123
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
R. Robert Auger
Editor
Circadian Rhythm
Sleep-Wake Disorders
An Evidence-Based Guide for 
Clinicians and Investigators
Editor
R. Robert Auger
Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
USA
ISBN 978-3-030-43802-9 ISBN 978-3-030-43803-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43803-6
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020
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Preface
Identification and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs)
can be a fascinating yet vexing clinical encounter in the Sleep Medicine realm.
While circadian-based basic science research, chronobiological research of healthy
humans (including simulated CRSWD studies), and chronotherapeutic research are
quite sophisticated and abundant, there is a relative dearth of clinical research. In
my point of view, one major reason for the outpacing of CRSWD clinical research
pertains to the disparate sources of information and related lack of interdisciplinary
input that is necessary for holistic care. This publication makes an attempt to bridge
this gap by including authorities from numerous relevant disciplines to inform clini-
cal practice.
Accordingly, the text begins with a scientific background on mammalian circa-
dian rhythms and progresses to a discussion of chronobiological protocols that will
allow the reader to critically review relevant literature. Following an introduction to
CRSWDs, there are two chapters that describe assessment tools for clinicians’ con-
sideration and separate chapters dedicated to individual CRSWDs. Recognizing
that delayed sleep-wake phase disorder has a particularly relevant impact among
adolescents, a chapter is included that highlights the school start time debate, which
has significant relevance given the recent legislation signed by the Governor of
California. Subsequent chapters from lighting research experts may help clinicians
to standardize implementation of treatments and should also serve to optimize com-
parative clinical trials. A final chapter discusses the impact that specified lighting
environments may have in the workplace and other settings.
It is ultimately my hope that this book will serve as an immediate reference for
Sleep Medicine clinicians but that it will also serve as an impetus to address clinical
research deficiencies by encouraging cross-talk between various scientific, medical,
and educational disciplines.
Rochester, MN, USA R. Robert Auger

v
Acknowledgments
I would like to acknowledge the esteemed authors who assisted with this project. I
feel fortunate that their extraordinary efforts and insights are contained within this
singular text (a true treasure trove of circadian knowledge!). I would also like to
extend my gratitude to my colleagues in the Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine, with
whom I feel privileged to work. I work in an environment that is collegial, encour-
aging, and filled with intelligent mentors and peers who enrich the clinical experi-
ence on a daily basis.
I would also be remiss if I did not acknowledge my wonderful family—my
lovely wife Tracy, my son Josh, and my daughter Emily. From them I derive happi-
ness and meaning, and they are the perfect antidote to life’s deadlines and stressors.
I also love and admire my parents Ray and Judy Ann. They remain exemplars of
integrity and intellect and taught me most of what I know about careful writing and
editing.
Finally, I would like to acknowledge Ms. Lori Solmonson, who always provides
expert, cheerful, and thoughtful technical assistance, which makes projects such as
this easier to complete.
vii
Contents
1 Biological Timekeeping: Scientific Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Matthew R. Brown and Aleksey V. Matveyenko
2 Review of Protocols and Terminology to Enhance
Understanding of Circadian-Based Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Vincent A. LaBarbera and Katherine M. Sharkey
3 Introduction to Circadian Rhythm Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Elliott Kyung Lee
4 Physiologic Methods of Assessment Relevant to Circadian
Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Vincent A. LaBarbera and Katherine M. Sharkey
5 Non-physiologic Methods of Assessment Relevant
to Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Vincent A. LaBarbera and Katherine M. Sharkey
6 Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Gregory S. Carter and R. Robert Auger
7 Circadian Rhythms and School Start Times:
The Indivisible Link Between Medicine and Education . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Kyla L. Wahlstrom
8 Advanced Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Elliott Kyung Lee
9 Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Jonathan Emens
10 Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Danielle Goldfarb and Katherine M. Sharkey
11 Shift Work Sleep Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Alok Sachdeva and Cathy Goldstein
ix
x Contents
12 Duty Hour Regulations of Physicians in Training and Circadian
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Eric J. Olson
13 Jet Lag Sleep Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Cinthya Pena-Orbea, Bhanu Prakash Kolla, and Meghna
P. Mansukhani
14 A Guide for Characterizing and Prescribing Light
Therapy Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Mark S. Rea
15 Future Directions for Lighting Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Mariana G. Figueiro
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Contributors
R. Robert Auger, MD, FAASM, FAPA, DABPN Mayo Center for Sleep Medicine
and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Rochester, MN, USA
Matthew R. Brown, BS Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering,
Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
Gregory S. Carter, MD, PhD Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics,
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Jonathan Emens, MD, FAASM, DFAPA Department of Psychiatry, Oregon
Health and Science University, Division of Mental Health and Clinical
Neurosciences, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
Mariana G. Figueiro, PhD Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, NY, USA
Danielle  Goldfarb, MD University of Arizona College of Medicine,
Phoenix, AZ, USA
Cathy Goldstein, MS, MD Michael S. Aldrich Sleep Disorders Center, Department
of Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Bhanu  Prakash  Kolla, MD, MRCPsych Center for Sleep Medicine and
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Vincent A. LaBarbera, MD Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital/
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Elliott Kyung Lee, MD, FRPC(C), DABSM Department of Psychiatry, Royal
Ottawa Mental Health Center and Institute for Mental Health Research, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Meghna  P.  Mansukhani, MD Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
xi
xii Contributors
Aleksey  V.  Matveyenko, PhD Department of Physiology and Biomedical
Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, and
Nutrition, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
Eric J. Olson, MD Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical
Care Medicine, and Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Cinthya  Pena-Orbea, MD Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, MN, USA
Mark S. Rea, PhD Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy, NY, USA
Alok Sachdeva, MD Michael S. Aldrich Sleep Disorders Center, Department of
Neurology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Katherine M. Sharkey, MD, PhD Department of Medicine and Psychiatry and
Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Kyla L. Wahlstrom, PhD Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy and
Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA