Table Of ContentZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 27(1): 169–176 25 JUNE 2018
Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891, a new synonym of Ch. zonata
Dahlbom, 1854 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 – новый синоним Ch. zonata
Dahlbom, 1854 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)
P. ROSA
П. РОЗА
P. Rosa, Via Belvedere 8/d, 20881 Bernareggio (MB), Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 is synonymised with Ch. zonata Dahlbom, 1854. The new
synonymy is discussed and the updated distribution of Ch. zonata in Russia is given.
Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 синонимизирован с Ch. zonata Dahlbom, 1854. Обсуж-
дается новая синонимия и приведены новые сведения о распространении Ch. zonata в
России.
Key words: cuckoo wasps, taxonomy, Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, Chrysis, new synonymy
Ключевые слова: осы-блестянки, таксономия, Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, Chrysis, новая
синонимия
INTRODUCTION 1927), Ch. bidentata Linnaeus, 1767 (e.g. du
Buysson, 1896), Ch. integra Fabricius, 1787
After the publication of the checklist
(e.g. Mocsáry, 1889) or Ch. cylindrica Ever-
of the Russian Chrysididae (Rosa et al.,
smann, 1858 (e.g. Linsenmaier, 1951), until
2017b), I examined additional material
Linsenmaier (1959) recognized its specific
deposited in historical collections as well rank within the Ch. viridula group in a mo-
as recently collected one. In particular, dern sense. Recently, Rosa & Vårdal (2015)
a detailed examination of the Chrysidi- discovered that the type of Ch. pyrrhina,
dae collection housed at the Museum für housed at the Stockholm Museum, did not
Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany) resulted in match Linsenmaier’s (1959) interpretation;
discovery of new synonymies and some in- Ch. serena Radoszkowski, 1891 was found
teresting nomenclatorial cases concerning to be the first available name. The type of
Russian and Central Asian fauna. Ch. serena was checked in the Radoszkowski
One of the most interesting finding collection at the Invertebrate collections of
concerns a widespread Palaearctic species the Institute of Systematics and Evolution
largely known as Chrysis pyrrhina Dahl- of Animals in Krakow (Rosa et al., 2015).
bom, 1845. This species has primarily a Chrysis serena was considered by Lin-
ponto-mediterranean distribution, and it is senmaier (1968) as the eastern subspecies of
relatively common from western Mediter- Ch. pyrrhina, with coarser and denser punc-
ranean countries to Western Asia, across tation on metasoma and greener colour. It is
Caucasus, Anatolia, and Middle East. An well known that in several West-Palaearctic
additional specimen from China (Heilongji- chrysidid species, from western to eastern
ang) is housed in Linsenmaier’s collection countries, the punctuation becomes coarser,
(Linsenmaier, 1968; Rosa et al., 2014). and coloration tends to become greener, up
For a long time and with few excep- to completely green individuals (Linsenma-
tions, Ch. pyrrhina has been considered as ier, 1968). Both these variations are gene-
variation, subspecies or even synonym of rally clinal, and hardly represent a ground
Ch. viridula Linnaeus, 1761 (e.g. Trautmann, for subspecies separation. A sister species of
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes
170 P. ROSA. NEW SYNONYM IN THE GENUS CHRYSIS
Ch. serena is found in Central Asian coun- Dalla Torre, 1892: 109 [cat.; Asia Minor (no
tries, Ch. aello Semenov, 1954, with larger, loc.)]; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991: 480 [cat.; Tur-
foveate-reticulate punctures on metasoma key (no loc.)]; Strumia & Yıldırım, 2008: 78
[cat.; Turkey (no loc.)].
(Rosa et al., 2017a). From further stud-
Chrysis pyrrhina: Eversmann, 1858: 558 [cat.;
ies, Ch. serena proved in turn a synonym
descr., Orenburg Prov., Saratov Prov., Ural];
of Ch. zonata Dahlbom, 1854, as discussed
Radoszkowsky, 1866: 11 [cat.; Saratov,
below.
Orenburg]; Kirchner, 1867: 209 [cat.; Sara-
tov]; Radoszkowski, 1889: 20 [descr.; Oren-
MATERIALS AND METHODS burg; tab. IV (Figs 42A–42I)].
Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) zonata: Mocsáry, 1889:
Pictures were taken with a Nikon D-80 410 [cat., descr., distr.; Asia Minor (no loc.)];
connected to a stereomicroscope Togal SCZ Mocsáry, 1890: 67 [cat.; Asia Minor (no
and stacked with the software Combine ZP. loc.)].
The following abbreviations are used in the Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891 (syn. nov.):
194 [holotype (male); Iran (not Turk-
text: cat. – catalogue; desc. – description;
menistan): Sarakhs (Kraków) (examined)
distr. – distribution; ecol. – ecology; loc. –
(Ch. viridula group)]; Rosa et al., 2015: 55
locality.
[cat., typ.; Iran], 56 [Pl. 38]; Rosa et al.,
Types and other specimens have been
2017b: 138 [cat.; European Part: Centre,
examined in the following collections: East, South, North Caucasus, Crimea, Ural].
Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt- Chrysis (quadridentatae) zonata: du Buysson
Universität (Berlin, Germany; MNHU); in André, 1895: 617 [descr.; Asia Minor (no
Invertebrate collections of the Institute loc.)].
of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Chrysis (Chrysis) pyrrhina: Linsenmaier, 1959:
130 [key], 133 [descr.; Transcaspia], 190
Polish Academy of Sciences (Kraków, Po-
[cat.], 203 [Fig. 311], 211 [Fig. 558]; Lin-
land; ISEA-PAN); Natur-Museum (Luzern,
senmaier, 1968: 82 [descr.; Southern Russia];
Switzerland; NMLS); Zoological Institute
Linsenmaier, 1969: 364 [distr.; Southern
of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Pe-
Russia]; Schmidt, 1977: 119 [distr.; Southern
tersburg, Russia; ZIN). Russian specimens Russia].
have been also examined in the private col- Chrysis (Chrysis) zonata: Schmidt, 1977: 1 19
lections of Mikhail Mokrousov (Nizhny [cat., Turkey (no loc.)].
Novgorod, Russia; MMC), Pavel Rudois- Chrysis pyrrhina: Nikol’skaya, 1978: 69 [key;
katel (Ekaterinburg, Russia; PRC), Niko- South of the USSR European part]; Buganin
et al., 2000: 149 [cat.; Ulyanovsk Prov.: No-
laj Vinokurov (Mineralnye Vody, Russia;
vospassky Distr.: Vasil’evka Vill.]; Vinoku-
NVC) and Alexander Fateryga (T.I. Vya-
rov, 2006b: 21 [cat., ecol.; central Caucasus
zemsky Karadag Scientific Station – Na-
and Ciscaucasus]; Brustilo, 2008: 30 [cat.;
ture Reserve of RAS, Crimea; VKSS).
Crimea: Opuksky Natural Reserve]; Vinoku-
rov, 2009: 206 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.];
TAXONOMIC PART Brustilo, 2013: 1106 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol
Terr.: env. Mineralnye Vody]; Brustilo, 2014:
Order HYMENOPTERA
1150 [biogeogr.; Stavropol Terr.: Mineralnye
Vody].
Family CHRYSIDIDAE
Chrysis viridula pyrrhina: Vinokurov, 2004: 34
Subfamily CHRYSIDINAE [cat.; Stavropol Terr.: Mineralnye Vody];
Vinokurov, 2005: 90 [cat., ecol.; central Cau-
Tribe CHRYSIDINI
casus and Ciscaucasus]; Shibaev, 2006: 93
Chrysis zonata zonata Dahlbom, 1854 [cat.; Penza Prov.: Middle Volga]; Vinoku-
rov, 2006a: 19, 20 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.:
Chrysis zonata Dahlbom, 1854: 244 [syntypes Mineralnye Vody].
(males); Asia Minor (no loc.): Berlin ?]; Chrysis pyrrhina siciliaca: Vinokurov, 2006a: 19,
Mocsáry, 1892: 416 [cat.; Turkey (no loc.)]; 21 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.: Mineralnye
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 27(1): 169–176
P. ROSA. NEW SYNONYM IN THE GENUS CHRYSIS 171
Vody]; Vinokurov, 2006b: 21 [cat., ecol.; cen- Loew’s collection (e.g. the paralectotypes
tral Caucasus and Ciscaucasus]; Vinokurov, of Ch. manicata Dahlbom, 1854 and other
2009: 206 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.]; Vi- non-type specimens) are currently deposi-
nokurov, 2013: 1106 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol
ted in MNHU. Kimsey & Bohart (1991)
Terr.: env. Mineralnye Vody]; Vinokurov,
indicated the syntype series of Ch. zonata
2014: 1051 [biogeogr.; Stavropol Terr.: Mine-
as housed in Berlin, but not as directly
ralnye Vody].
examined. The repository of the remain-
Chrysis pyrrhina rhodesiaca: Vinokurov, 2006a:
ing species described by Dahlbom (1854)
19 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.: Mineralnye
Vody]; Vinokurov, 2006b: 21 [cat., ecol.; cen- upon Loew’s materials (Ch. impar Dahl-
tral Caucasus and Ciscaucasus]; Vinokurov, bom, 1854, Ch. transversa Dahlbom, 1854,
2009: 206 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Terr.]; Vi- Ch. uniformis Dahlbom, 1854, Ch. verna
nokurov, 2013: 1106 [cat., ecol.; Stavropol Dahlbom, 1854 and Ch. viridana Dahlbom,
Terr.: env. Mineralnye Vody]. 1854) remains unknown.
Material examined. Russia. European part Dahlbom (1854) described Ch. zonata
[Astrakhan Prov., Enotaevsk Distr., env. Volzhs- based on specimens collected in Asia Minor,
kiy (MMC); Volgograd Prov., Sarepta (ZIN); giving no precise locality. Nothing is said
Dagestan Rep., Derbent Distr., Kamyshshay
about the number of studied specimens, yet
River Valley (MMC); Stavropol Terr., Stavropol
they were at least two, since the length is re-
(ZIN); Crimea: Arabatskaya Strelka (VKSS);
ported as “1½–1¾” decimal lines. The spe-
Evpatoria (ZIN); Kerch (ZIN); Feodosia Distr.,
cimen deposited at MNHU and identified
Barakol Lake (VKSS); Mukhalatka (ZIN); Sev-
astopol (ZIN); Staryi Krim (ZIN); Sudak (ZIN); as Ch. zonata Dahlbom (Bischoff, 1910) was
Tarkhankut (VKSS)]; Ural [Chelyabinsk Prov. collected at Brussa [currently Bursa, Mar-
(PRC); Orenburg Prov. (PRC)]. Azerbaijan: mara Region, Turkey] by Thirk. No other
Elisavetpol [= Ganja] (ZIN). specimens of Ch. zonata from Asia Minor
Distribution. Russia: Penza, Saratov, are currently deposited in MNHU.
Ulyanovsk and Volgograd Provinces; Da- The reported specimen is likely one of
gestan Rep.; Stavropol Terr.; Crimea; the syntypes of Ch. zonata, because Dahl-
Chel yabinsk and Orenburg Provinces. bom (1854) examined other material col-
Palaearctic: from the Western Europe to lected by Thirk at Brussa, as in the case
Middle East, Western Asia and China (Hei- of Ch. aurif rons Dahlbom, 1854 [current-
longjiang) (Rosa et al., 2014). It is one of ly Chrysura ignifrons (Brullé, 1833), see
the commonest cuckoo wasps found in East Bischoff, 1910]. Chrysis aurifrons was de-
Mediterranean countries and Middle East. scribed on a syntype series including Thirk’s
specimen (listed as “Chrysis aurifrons
DISCUSSION Klug Mus. Berolin”), labelled as “Type” by
Bischoff (currently a paralectotype). This
In MNHU, there are some chrysidids case shows that Dahlbom (1854) did not re-
considered as possible Dahlbom’s (1854) port precise localities even when specimens
types by Bischoff (handwritten labels) and were properly labelled, as already observed
Kimsey & Bohart (1991). Among them, in other cases (Rosa & Xu, 2015).
Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854, Ch. angula- I do not designate the specimen of
ta Dahlbom, 1854, and Ch. zonata Dahlbom, Ch. zonata in MNHU as the lectotype, wait-
1854 were originating from Loew’s collec- ing for the finding of Loew’s collection and
tion (Dahlbom, 1854). I already unsuccess- the rest of the syntype series. However, this
fully searched for Loew’s collection in the specimen must be taken into account in
museums of Copenhagen, London, Lund, case of a neotype designation.
Stockholm, and Vienna, where Loew’s Chrysis zonata has been considered an
specimens are supposedly housed (Rosa et unknown taxon so far, merely listed in cata-
al., 2017c). However, a few specimens from logues, without inclusion in keys or species
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 27(1): 169–176
172 P. ROSA. NEW SYNONYM IN THE GENUS CHRYSIS
group (Mocsáry, 1889,
1890, 1892; Dalla
Torre, 1892; du Buys-
son in André, 1895;
Schmidt, 1977; Kim-
sey & Bohart, 1991;
Strumia & Yıldırım,
2008). Linsenmaier
(1959, 1968) did not
even cite it in his revi-
sions of the European
and West-Palaearctic
fauna.
The Berlinese
specimen of Chrysis
zonata (Figs 1A, 2),
a male, is clearly con-
specific with Ch. ser-
ena (= Ch. pyrrhina
sensu Linsenmaier).
After the examination
of this specimen, I re-
examined the original
Dahlbom’s (1854) de-
scription under a new
light. Based on his ac-
curate diagnosis, I can
state that Ch. zonata
is the senior synonym
of Ch. serena. Both
the Berlinese speci-
men and the descrip-
tion given by Dahl-
bom (1854) agree to
perfection with the
male of Ch. serena.
The most important
characters are: the
unusual coloration of
Fig. 1. Chrysis zonata Dahlbom, 1854: A, male (possible syntype, late-
this species in the Ch.
ral view) and its labels; B, male, dorsal view, Crimea; C, female, dorsal
viridula species-group view, Crimea. Scale bars 1.0 mm.
(Fig. 1A, 1B) (head
and mesosoma green;
diocres basi virides, flagellum laete brunne-
mesoscutum with darker median lobe; first
metasomal tergum green at base and golden scens. […]. Thorax viridis: dorsuli area media
red distally, the second one entirely red, and et metanoto segmento postico leviter viridi-ir-
the third, entirely blue; flagellum ventrally rorato, cyaneis. […] Abdomen: segmentum
lightened) (in Dahlbom’s (1854) original 1:mum cyaneo-viride: margine apicali aura-
description “Caput viride; [...] antennae me- to; segmentum 2:dum igneo-aureum: margi-
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 27(1): 169–176
P. ROSA. NEW SYNONYM IN THE GENUS CHRYSIS 173
Fig. 2. Chrysis zonata Dahlbom, 1854, male, possible syntype: A, head, frontal view; B, head and me-
sosoma, dorsal view; C, metasoma, dorsal view; D, metasoma, posterolateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.
ne basali tenuiter nigro-aeneo; segraentum similar habitus, yet is chromatically dimor-
3:tium viride: fascia basali violacea. Venter phic (Fig. 1C), with metallic red mesosoma,
planiusculus, viridi-cjaneo- et nigro-pictus”); similarly to other species in the Ch. viridula
the sculpture of the face, with scapal basin group. From the latter ones, it can be easily
finely and transversally microridged (Fig. recognized for the metallic blue tegulae, in-
2A) (“cavitas facialis subangusta rectangu- stead of non-metallic brown as in other spe-
laris profunda, medio subtiliter canaliculata, cies (Fig. 1C).
lateribus et superne punctulato-coriacea”); The combination of small dimensions,
the head with raised, inverted U-shaped 6.0–7.0 mm (vs. 9.0–11.0 mm in Ch. in-
transversal frontal carina (Fig. 2A) (“super- tegra, Ch. erythromelas Dahlbom, 1845 and
ne transverse marginata: margine utrinque Ch. gogorzae Lichtenstein, 1879), the body
ramulum brevem longitudinalem deorsum coloration and the foveate subreticulate
versum emittente”); the metasomal puncta- punctures of the metasoma make this spe-
tion, with dense, foveate and subreticula- cies easily recognizable within the Ch. viri-
te punctures (Fig. 2C) (“Corpus confertim dula species-group. Only Ch. aello Semenov
punctatum subcoriaceum punctis permedio- et Nikol’skaya, 1954, from Tajikistan, is
cribus”); the shape of the third metasomal closely related to Ch. zonata (see Plate 5 in
tergum, with two short lateral teeth, and Rosa et al., 2017a) and shares similar habitus
the two medial ones reduced to slight undu- and genital capsule. I consider Ch. aello as a
lations (Fig. 2D) (from Dahlbom’s (1854) separate species for the shape of the trans-
key “Abdominis segmenti dorsalis 3:tii dentes versal frontal carina more M-shaped, the
apicales: intermedii brevissimi obsoletissimi, colour of the first tergum almost fully green,
externi breves distincti”). The female shares the extremely large foveate-reticulate body
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 27(1): 169–176
174 P. ROSA. NEW SYNONYM IN THE GENUS CHRYSIS
punctures, and the shape of the last tergum punctation of metasoma and the reddish re-
with larger pits of the pit-row and widely flections on female vertex.
separate median teeth on apical margin.
However, molecular studies are needed to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
evaluate the relationship between these two
I sincerely thank Sergey Belokobylskij (St
taxa and the other subspecies of Ch. zonata
Petersburg, Russia), Marco Bernasconi (Lu-
(see below). The colouration and the shape
zern, Switzerland) and Michael Ohl (Berlin,
of the apical teeth on the last tergum, as de-
Germany) for the access to museum collections
scribed by Dahlbom (1854), exclude Ch. zo-
to examine type material. I also thank Alexan-
nata from the Ch. splendidula species-group der Fateryga (T.I. Vyazemsky Karadag Scien-
because members of this group share fully tific Station – Nature Reserve of RAS, Crimea),
metallic red first tergum and acute median Mikhail Mokrousov (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia),
teeth on the last tergum. Pavel Rudoiskatel (Ekaterinburg, Russia) and
Nikolaj Vinokurov (Mineralnye Vody, Russia)
for the loan of their Russian specimens. Finally,
CONCLUSIONS
I thank Maurizio Pavesi (Museo di Storia Natu-
rale, Milan, Italy), Arkady Lelej (Vladivostok,
The nomenclature of this species is not
Russia) and Juho Paukkunen (Helsinki, Fin-
yet fixed. For a long time, under the name
land) for critical reading of the manuscript and
Ch. pyrrhina, it was considered a variation
valuable suggestions.
or subspecies of Ch. viridula or of other spe-
cies of this group. Chysis pyrrhina was final-
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Received 15 March 2018 / Accepted 10 April 2018
Scientific editor: S.A. Belokobylskij
© 2018 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Scienсes, Zoosystematica Rossica 27(1): 169–176
