Table Of Content植物研究雑誌
J. Jpn. Bot.
75: 178-184(2000)
Chromosome Numbers of Some Alpine Species of
Saussurea (Asteraceae) in Nepal Himalaya
Makoto AMANOa and Hideaki OHBAb
aNatural History Museum and Institute，C hiba，A oba 955-2，C huo，Ch iba，2 60・8682JAPAN;
bDepartment of Botany，Un iversity Museum，th e University of Tokyo，
Hongo 7-3-1，T okyo，1 13-0033 JAPAN
(Received on April 13，1 999)
Chromosome numbers of nine species of Saussurea collected in the alpine region in
Khumbu HimalNepal ereported. Two different chromosome numbers are counted in
， ，訂
Saussurea gossypiphora and its allied species in section Eriocoryne (subgenus
Eriocoryne)，i. e.，2 n =36 from S. gossypiphora，S. nishiokae and S. tridacηla，a nd 2n
=3 2 from S. simpsoniana and S. topkegolensis. The number of S. gossyp伊horαai臼s必dif百fe町r-
s
ent from the pr白el 吋viousstudy 凶(n=13ω). おαu臥.
(subgenus Saussur陀'leaω)臼is2n =32. 1n 鉛sectiぬonAmphi註raena(s印ubgenusAmphiraena) chro・
mosome numbers of two species，S. obvallata and S. uniflora， e2n =3 2，w hile that of
紅
S. hookeri is 2n =36. The chromosome numbers of S. nishiokae，S. tridactyla，S.
topkegolensis，S. graminifolia S. uniflora and S. hookeri e'recorded for the first time.
訂
Key words:. chromosome number，H imalaya，a lpine plant，S aussurea
Saussurea is one of the large genera of sentatives of greerhouseplant (Ohba 1988，
ト
Asteraceae consisting of about 400 species Ohba and Akiyama 1998). The present
classified into six subgenera (Lipschitz paper aims to provide the chromosome num-
1979). The species belonging to subgenus ber of these six species of snowball and two
Eriocoryne，d istributed in Central Asia and species of greenhouseSaussurea as well as
圃
the Sino-Himalayan region echaracterized S. hookeri C.B.Clarke (subgenus Amphi-
，紅
by the peculi synflorescence (synce- raena，s ection Amphiraena) providing data
紅
phalum). Some species have ap eculiar form for cytological diversity of the alpine plant in
named snowball plant (Ohba 1988) in which the Himalaya.
synflorescence is concealed by leaves with
dense long white soft hairs，a nd Saussurea Materials and島lethods
gossypiphora D.Don is a representative. The first author，A mano collected ten
Saussurea graminifolia Wall. ex Benth. be- samples belonging to nine species of
longing to section Pycnocephala (subgenus Saussurea from severallocalities in Khumbu
Saussurea) also 駄目 snowball form. Himal，E ast Nepal，i n 1995 (Table 1). In
Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Edgew. and each sample apices of vegetative shoots were
S. uniflora Wall. ex_ Seh.Bip. (subgenus fixed with Newcomer fluid after. pretreat-
Amphiraena，se ct. Amphiraena) are also pe ment by 0.1 % colchicine solution about 3
田
culiar in having synflorescence covered with hrs. The materials macerated by 1%
large translucent cauline leaves，a nd repre- cellulase solution for 20 min.剖 370Cafter
-178-
June 2000 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo .l75 No. 3 179
Table 1. List of chromosome numbers and information of Saussurea samples
Number Voucher data:
Taxon 2n of locality，s pecimen
individuals number
S. gossypiphora 36 2 Chhomalan(Tg IB) ase Camp
9584206 (TI)
S. nishiokae 36 3 Panchi PO拙訂i(Hunku)
9584187 (TI)
S. tridactyla 36 Panchi Pokhari (Hu血 1)
9584184 (TI)
S. simpsoniana 32 Khare
9584140 (TI)
32 Panchi Pokhari (Hunku)
9584167 (TI)
S. topkegolensis 32 2 Khare
9580231 (TI)
S. graminifolia 32 Rato Odara
9580337 (百)
S. obvallata 32 Tashing D(iTngI) ma
9584284
S. uniflora 32 2 Tashing D(iTngI) ma
9584293
S. hookeri 36 Panchi Pokhari (Hunku)
9584183 (TI)
soaking 1h r. in water，a nd then stained by gossypiphora was reported as n 13by
ニ
1% lacto-propionic orcein. Voucher Malla et al. (1979). This number is different
specimens are deposited in TI. from our observation (2n =3 6). The chro-
mosome number n= c.16 was reported by
Results and Discussion Shetty (19 67) under th~ name of S. sacra
Chromosome numbers were counted for Edgew. The species was considered to be
nine species. Figures 1a nd 2s how chromo- conspecific with S. simpsoniana by Lipschitz
somes of the snowball Saussurea; five (1979). This number is consistent with our
species in section Eriocoryne and S. observation (2n =3 2) of S. simpsof仰 na.
graminifolia in section Pycnocephala. In sec- Two different chromosome numbers 2n =3 2
tion Eriocoryne Saussurea gossypiphora and 36 are found in section Eriocoryne in the
(Figs. 1a， b) ，S. nishiokae Kitam. (Figs. 1c， present study. lt become clear that the snow-
d)，a nd S. tridacηla Sch.Bip. ex Hook.f. ball formed Saussurea in section Eriocoryne
(Figs. le，f) had 2n =3 6，w hile S. simpso are diversified cytologically，a nd also sug-
・
niana (Field. & Gardner) Lipsch. (Figs. 2a， gests that Saussurea topkegolensis，w hich
b) and S. topkegole附 s H.Ohba & was considered to be close to S. gossy-
S.Akiyama (Figs. 2c，d) had 2n = 32. Except piphora，is also needed to comp ewith S.
訂
for S. gossypiphora and S. simpsoniana，th eir simpsoniana for phylogenetic consideration.
chromosome numbers 'ereported for the The chromosome number 2n=32 of S.
紅
first time. The chromosome number of S. graminifolia is the first record from section
graminifolia was 2n =3 2 (Pigs. 2e，f) . Pycnocephala in which 2n=26，3 6 and 52
The chromosome number of S. were recorded previously.
180 植物研究雑誌第75巻第3号 平成12年6月
a b
d
c
フ
Fig. 1. Chromosomes of Saussurea subgenus Eriocoryne. a，b: S. gossypiphora (2n =36 )，c ，
d: S. 1山hiokae(2n =3 6)，e ， f: S. tridactyla (2n =3 6). Bar indicates 10μm.
The chromosome numbers of three species uniflora (Pigs. 3c，d) had 2n =32，w hile S.
of section Amphiraena were counted (Pig. hookeri with exposed synflorescence had
3) . Two green-house formed species， 2n =3 6 (Pigs. 3e，f) .
Sa ureaobvallata (Pigs. 3a，b ) and S. Two different chromosome numbers
附
June 2000 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 75 No. 3 181
Q 。。
。事
。。
、〈P
も~8むν
。
宍kと
もミ
b
d
Fig. 2. Chromosomes of Saussurea subgenera Eriocoryne and Saussurea. a，b: S. simpsoniana
(2n =3 2) ，c， d: S. topkegolensis (2n =3 2)，e， f: 丘graminifolia(2n=32). Bar indicates
10μm.
182 植物研究雑誌第75巻第3号 平成12年6月
r-..'0
~t0
oZ
喝さ恥
e)
♂ cb δ()Oでさも'n一
b
。
C[()
努
も
グ
d
Q、，o
必虫採
)0<;)0
735
ム
め。旬。
Fig. 3. Chromosomes of Saussurea subgenus Amphiraena. a，b: S. obvaUata (2n =3 2)，c ，d:
丘uniflora(2n=32)，e ，f: S. hookeri (2n=36). Bar indicates 10μm.
2n=32 and 36 e'also found in the species by Gupta and Gill (1988，1 989) and Gupta
訂
of section Amphiraena. In S. obvallata n= et al. (1989). The chromosome numbers S.
c.16 was reported by Shetty (1967)，n = 1 6 uniflora and S. hookeri e'reported for the
訂
June 2000 Journal of Japanese Botany Vo .l75 No. 3 183
iirst time. Section Amphiraena extends from 38-52.
Himalaya to Central Asia and Siberia. The 一一一andGill B. S. 1989. Cytopalinology of north
and central Indian Compositae. J. Cytol. Gene .t
chromosome numbers were reported from
24: 96-105.
some ohter green-house formed species in
一一一，一一一andGarg R. K. 1989. Chromosomal con-
section Amphiraena. Saussurea involcrata
spectus of western Himalayan Compositae. Aspects
(Kar. & Kir.) Sch.Bip. was reported to be Pl. Sci. 11: 427-437.
2n =3 2 by Mae t al. (1984). Chromosome Jee V.， Dhar V. and Kachroo P. 1989. Cyto-
number of Saussurea orgaαdayi V.Khan. & geography of some endemic taxa of Kashmir
Himalaya. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad. part B.
Krasnob. distributed in the Altai Mountains
Biol. Sci. 55: 177-184.
was reported to have 2n=32 andlor 32+ lB
Krasnikova S. A.，K rasnikov A. A.，R ostovtzeva T. S.
under the name of S. involcratαby and Chanminchun V. M. 1984. Chromosome
，
Krasnobolov et al. (19 83)，R ostovtzeva numbers of some plant species from the south of
(19 83) and Krasnikova et al. (19 84). The the Siberia. Bot. Zhurn. 68 (3): 827-835 (in
Russian) .
chromosome number，2 n =3 6，w as reported
Krasnoborov 1. M. ，K anminchun V. M.，K rasnikov A.
from S. dorogostaiskyi Krasnob. distributed
A. and Volkhonskaya T. A. 1983. On Sαussurea
in West Sayan Mountains by Krasnoborov
dorogostaiskii and S. involcrata (Asteraceae) in
et al. (19 83)，R ostovtzeva (19 83) and the Siberia. Bot. Zhurn. 68 (12 ): 1668-1671 (in
Krogulevich and Rostovtzeva (1984) . Russian) .
Saussurea bracteata Decne. from west Krogulevich R. E. and Rostovtzeva T. S. 1984.
Chromosome number of flowering plants of south
Himalaya was reported to be n= 1 6 by Jee
Siberia. Nauka，N ovosibirsk 261 (in Russian).
et al. (1989)，a nd the number is the same as
Lipschitz S. J. 1979. Genus Saussurea DC.
S. uniflora (the present study). It is noted (Asteraceae). 282 pp. Nauka， Leningrad (in
that two different chromosome numbers， Russian) .
2n=32 and 36 efound in green-house Ma X. H.， Qin R. L. and Xing W. B. 1984.
，訂
formed species in section Amphiraena. Chromosome observations of some medical plant
in Xinjia時・ ActaPhytotax. Sin. 22 (3): 243-249
(in Chinese).
Wet hank Dr. M. Wakabayashi for critical
Malla S. B.，B attarai S.，G orkhali M.，S aiju H. and
reading of the manuscript. Professor. 1. M. Kayastha M. 1979. In: 10PB chromosome num-
Krasnoborov kindly sent us some offprints of ber reports LXV. Taxon 28: 627-628.
Russian papers. This study is partly sup- Ohba H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal
Himaslayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba H. and
ported by Grant-in-Aids for Intemational
Malla S. B. (eds.)，H imalayan Plants 1. pp. 19-20.
Scientific Research (Field Research) from
University of Tokyo Press，T okyo.
the Ministry of Education，S cience，S ports 一一一andAkiyama S. 1998. The threatened alpine
and Culture，N o. 6041030 (1994ー95for H. flora of the Himalaya. In: C.-I Peng Rim，In stitutes
Ohba) and 08041137 (19 96-98 for H. of Botany，A cademia Sinica Monograph Series，
No. 16: 37-45.
Ohba) .
Rostovtzeva T. S. 1983. Accessory chromosomes in
some plant species. Cytol. Genet. (Kiev). 17 (3) :
References 8-12 (in Russian).
Gupta R. C. and Gill B. S. 1988. SOCGI plant chro- Shetty B. V. 1967. In: 10PB chromosome number
mosome number reports VI. J. Cytol. Genet. 23: reports XIV. Taxon 16: 552-571.
天野 誠a，大場秀章b.ネパール・ヒマラヤ高山
帯産卜ウヒレン属植物(キク科)数種の染色体数
東ネパール，クンプ一地方の高山帯のトウヒレ nishiokae， S. tridactyla の 3 手重で 2n=36 ， S.
ン属植物 (Saussurea) 9種の染色体数を報告した. simpsonianaとS.topkegolensisの2種で 2n=32を
Eriocoryne節の植物ではおussureagossyp伊hora，広 記録した• Saussurea gossyp伊horaの染色体数は従
184 植物研究雑誌第75巻第3号 平成12年6月
来の報告 (n=13) と異なる.Pycnocephala節の の染色体数は従来の報告と一致した.同じ節の S.
Saussurea graminifoliaの染色体数は 2n=32で、あっ hookeriの染色体数はこれらと異なり， 2n=36で、あっ
た.Amphilaena節の染色体数は， S. obvallata， S. た (a千葉県立中央博物館，
unifloraともに 2n=32であり，Saussurea obvallata 東京大学総合研究博物館)
b
