Christ in Christian Tradition: Volume 2 Part 3: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch

695 Pages·2013·31.08 MB·English

by  Alois Grillmeier

CHRIST IN CHRISTIAN TRADITION
VOLUME TWO: PART THREE
Christ in Christian Tradition
Volume One: From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (4 51)
Volume Two: From the Council ofChalcedon (451) to Gregory the Great
(590-604)
Part One: Reception and Contradiction. The development of the
discussion about Chalcedon from 451 ·to the beginning of the
reign ofJ ustinian
Part Two: The Church of Constantinople in the sixth century
Part Three: The Churches ofJ erusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600
Part Four: The Church ofA lexandria with Nubia and Ethiopia after 451
CHRIST
IN CHRISTIAN
TRADITION
VOLUME TWO
PART THREE
The Churches ofJ erusalem and
Antioch from 451 to 600
With contributions by
ALOIS GRILLMEIER, THERESIA HAINTHALER,
TANIOS BOU MANSOUR, LUISE ABRAMOWSKI
In continuation of the work of
ALOIS GRILLMEIER
by
THERESIA HAINTHALER
Translated by
MARIANNE EHRHARDT
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
OXFORD
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First published in 2013
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
ISBN 978-0-19-921288-0
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION Andrew Louth xvii
FOREWORD Theresia Hainthaler XXI
ABBREVIATIONS XXIV
'The Fertile Crescent' 1
Introduction 1
PART ONE
CHRISTOLOGY IN PALESTINE
AFTER CHALCEDON
UNTIL THE RISE OF ISLAM
(Alois Grillmeier)
CHAPTER ONE: Palestine and its Christological Groupings after 451 5
I. Jerusalem as Episcopal See and patriarchate 5
1. Historical Summary 5
2. On the Development of the Jerusalem Patriarchate
( Theresia Hainthaler) 6
3. Patriarchs of Jerusalem and their Christological Position 8
II. The Country and its Major Centres 12
1. Academic Life on the Coast 13
(a) Caesarea 14
(b) TheAcademyofGaza 14
2. Monasticism in Palestine in the Period after Chalcedon 18
(a) Palestinian Monasticism outside the Sinai Peninsula 18
(b) Monasticism in Sinai (Theresia Hainthaler) 21
( 1) Dogmatic positions in Sinai after 451 25
(2) The monastery built by the emperor Justinian on the
site of the first settlement of anchorites at the
'burning bush' 26
3. Pre-Islamic Christianity among the Arabs in Palestine
( Theresia Hainthaler) 30
(a) Hilarion and the Church ofElusa 32
(b) The Saracen Queen Mavia and Moses 32
(c) Euthymius and Palestinian Parembole Bishops 35
(d) The Affair of Amorkesos 37
vi CHRIST IN CHRISTIAN TRADITION
(e) The Tradition about the Sinai Martyrs 38
Summary 39
Ill. Attitude of the Palestinian Monastics to Chalcedon ( 451-c.565) 40
1. The Anti-Chalcedonians 40
2. The Pro-Chalcedonian Group 43
CHAPTER TWO: The Concrete Faith in Christ ofthe Palestinian
Church 49
I. The 'Solemn Mystery Play'-The Kerygma of Jerusalem 49
1. Christ in the Commentarius brevis on the Psalms 55
2. Christ in the Homilies of Hesychius 57
(a) The Cycle for Christmas and Epiphany 57
(b) The Homilies for 'Hypapante' 58
(c) Christological Themes in the Quadragesima Season [Lent] 59
(d) The Cycle for Easter Sunday 62
(e) Maria Theotokos 63
II . Three Great Monastic Fathers in Judaea and their Christology 64
1. The Biographies of Monks as Witnesses to Chalcedon 65
(a) The Vita Euthymii of Cyril of Scythopolis 65
(b) The Vita Sabae 69
(c) The Vita Theodosii ofTheodore ofPetra 72
2. 'The Plague of Origen': Sabas and his Successors in the
Struggle against the Origenists 75
(a) Origenism in Palestine before the Death ofSt Sabas 76
(b) The 'Plague ofOrigen' in Palestine after the Death of
St Sabas (532) 78
( 1) The evidence of John of Scythopolis 78
(2) The testimony ofCyril ofScythopolis 79
Ill. The Academics of Gaza and their Understanding of Christ 82
1. Procopius' Christ-Centred Hermeneutics 84
2. The Interpretation of the 'Thrice Holy' in Isa. 6 as an Example
of Christological Exegesis 88
rv. The Christological Spirituality of the Ascetics of Gaza 91
1. The Asceticon of Abba Isaiah and its Christology 93
(a) Determining the Position 93
(b) The Concrete Image of Christ for Abba Isaiah 96
( 1) Between original state and final state 96
(2) The eschatological perspective 100
2. Oracle in the Wilderness? The Wisdom of Barsanuphius
and John of Gaza 101
(a) References to the Theological-Ascetic Circumstances 102
(b) Origenism and Other Heresies 103
(c) Details of the Christology of the Two Old Men of Gaza 107
CONTENTS vu
3. Vacare Deo: On the Christology of Dorotheus of Gaza 109
(a) Optimistic Anthropology 109
(b) Christology for Monks 110
V. The Christology of the Monks in the Sinai Region
(Theresia Hainthaler) 112
1. The 'Via Media' ofTheodore ofRaithu 112
(a) The Neo-Chalcedonianism of the Proparaskeue 114
(b) The Theoretical Basis for the Doctrine of One Energy
in Christ (Alois Grillmeier) 117
2. John Moschus, the Truth of Chalcedon in Miracles
(Theresia Hainthaler) 121
3. Spiritual Life in the Imitation of Christ According to John
Climacus ( Theresia Hainthaler) 123
(a) The Life of a Monk in the Imitation of Christ 125
(b) Christological Statements 126
CHAPTER THREE: A Synthesis of Palestinian Christology
According to the History of Concepts and Formulas: Pamphilus
the Theologian 129
I. Pamphilus the Man and his Work 129
1. Chronology 130
2. Localization 131
3. Content and Character of the Work 133
4. The Method of the Solutio 133
Il. Christology as Depicted in the Solutio ofPamphilus 134
1. A Summary of the Christological and Soteriological
Kerygma at the End of the Sixth Century 134
2. The Determination of the Basic Christological Concepts 136
(a) The Cappadocian Origin of the Concept of Hypostasis 136
(b) Ousia and Physis 137
(c) The One Hypostasis 139
(I) The union as a process 140
(2) Apotelesma: the united unity 142
Ill. The Neo-Chalcedonianism of Pamphilus 144
1. Negative Results 146
2. Positive Results 147
(a) 'One of the Trinity' 147
(b) Synthesis 147
(c) Distinctions and Syntheses 'In Thought' 148
A New Hypothesis for the Identification of Pamphilus 150
viii CHRIST IN CHRISTIAN TRADITION
. CHAPTER FOUR: Retrospect and Prospect (Theresia Hainthaler) 151
I. The Christological Profile of the Jerusalem Patriarchate 151
II. John of Scythopolis, Scholiast and Neo-Chalcedonian 155
1. On the Christology ofJohn of Scythopolis in the Scholia 155
2. The Christological Concerns in the Remaining Works of John 158
Ill. John IV of Jerusalem and Relations with the Caucasian Churches 160
PART TWO
CHRISTOLOGY IN THE PATRIARCHATE OF ANTIOCH
AFTER 451 TO THE END OF THE SIXTH CENTURY
(Alois Grillmeier, Theresia Hainthaler, Tanios Bou Mansour,
Luise Abramowski)
SECTION ONE: The Patriarchate of Antioch in its Context 171
CHAPTER ONE: Extent and Organization of the Patriarchate of
Antioch (Alois Grillmeier) 171
I. On the External Organization 171
11. Some Factors in the Historical Development of the Organization
of the Patriarchate of Antioch 174
1. Transit Country 174
2. The Patriarchate of Antioch as a Multilingual Area 175
3. External Fate of an Ecclesiastical Metropolis 176
4. Spiritual Shocks in the Patriarchate of Antioch 178
5. The List of Famous and Controversial Names 179
6. Other Centres of Ecclesiastical Learning in Syria 180
CHAPTER TWO: The Hierarchical Split of the Patriarchate of
Antioch (Theresia Hainthaler) 184
I. Preliminary Remark (Alois Grillmeier) 184
1. The First Schism in the Imperial Church 184
2. The Formation of Two Hierarchies in the Patriarchate of
Antioch 185
11. Establishment and Collapse of the Severan Hierarchy in the
Patriarchate of Antioch (512-538) (Theresia Hainthaler) 186
Ill. The Efforts of the Bishops John ofTella and John ofHephaistos
(Theresia Hainthaler) 187
IV. The Establishment of the Anti-Chalcedonian Hierarchy by Jacob
Baradaeus (Theresia Hainthaler) 189
1. Consecrating the First Bishops 189
2. Completing the Hierarchical Split: Consecration of a Patriarch 190
3. The Anti-Chalcedonian Hierarchy in the Persian Empire 192
CONTENTS ~
CHAPTER THREE: On Pre-Islamic Christianity among the Arabs
in the Sphere oflnfluence of the Patriarchate of Antioch
( Theresia Hainthaler) 196
I. Arabs with Roman Citizenship 198
1. The History of the Province Arabia 198
2. Phoenicia 11 200
11. The Nomads 201
1. The Influence oflndividual Monks 201
(a) The Conversion ofZokomos 202
(b) Simeon the Stylite and his Missionary Effect among
the Arabs 202
2. Thelnstitution of Phylarchs 204
(a) The Inscription at Namara 204
(b) Other Phylarchs 206
(c) The Ghassanids 207
(aa) I;Iarith's involvement in ecclesiastical politics 210
(bb) King Mundhir 212
(cc) Mundhir's activity in ecclesiastical politics 213
(dd) Did the Ghassanids found monasteries? 214
(ee) Their relations with Byzantium 215
CHAPTER FOUR: The 'School of Antioch' and Theological
Schools in the Area of the Patriarchate of Antioch
(Theresia Hainthaler) 218
I. The 'School of Antioch' and its Theology 218
1. On the Concept of a School 219
2. On the Antiochene Exegesis 222
(a) From Lucian Recension to the Antiochene Text 222
(b) Sources of Antiochene Exegesis 223
(c) The 'Classical' Antiochene Exegesis at the Time of
Diodore and Theodore 224
3. On the Antiochene Christology 229
(a) On the Origin of Antiochene Christology 229
(b) Characteristics of Antiochene Christology 232
11. The School of Edessa 236
1. On Christianity in Edessa 236
2. The School of the Persians 238
Ill. The School of Nisibis 242
1. 'Edessa grew dim and Nisibis shone forth'-The
Foundation of the School of Nisibis 242
2. The Statutes of the School ofNisibis 243
IV. The 'Nestorian' Educational Movement 246
X CHRIST IN CHRISTIAN TRADITION
1. The Motif of Paideia According to Cosmas Indicopleustes 248
2. Jesus as Teacher in Barl;ladbesabba 'Arbaya 249
CHAPTER FIVE: The Persian Debater Simeon of Beth Adam and
his Anti-Nestorian Position (Theresia Hainthaler) . 252
I. The Persian Debater 253
11. The Letter on 'Nestorianism' 255
1. Genealogy of'Nestorianism' 256
2. The School of the Persians 261
3. The Separation of the I::Iuzzites and Persians from the True
Faith of the Fathers 261
4. The Orthodox Faith 262
5. Anathemas on Doctrinal Errors and Heretics 262
Ill. The Dogmatic Perspective of the Letter 264
1. The Orthodox Faith 264
2. Its Christological Creed 264
3. On Simeon's Denominational Affiliation 265
CHAPTER SIX: The Tritheist Controversy in the Sixth Century and
its Importance in Syriac Christology (Alois Grillmeier) 268
I. On the Historical Development of Tritheism in Syria 269
1st Section: The Archaic Form of the Doctrinal Development 269
2nd Section: The Period of Theological Discussion about
Tritheism 270
(a) First Phase: The Anti-Tritheist Actions of Patriarch
Theodosius 270
(b) Second Phase: The Years of Literary Discussion on Tritheism 272
(1) The first Syndocticon 272
(2) The second Syndocticon 273
(3) The third (or first Oriental) Syndocticon 273
3rd Section: Hierarchical Stabilization ofTritheism 274
4th Section: A Family Feud between Two Anti-Tritheist Patriarchs 275
11. The Theological Statement of the Tritheists 276
CHAPTER SEVEN: The Christological Positions of the Patriarchs
occupying the Throne of Antioch (Theresia Hainthaler) 281
I. The Chalcedonian Period 281
11. The Turmoil around the Throne of Antioch. The Struggle for the
Theopaschite Addition to the Trisagion: Peter the Fuller or
Chalcedonian Patriarchs 284
1. Historical Development 285
(a) The Earliest Sources 285
(b) Origin 286