Chinese Socialism to 1907

271 Pages·1976·5.592 MB·English

by  Martin Bernal

CHINESE SOCIALISM TO 1907

Chinese Socialism to 1907
by MARTIN BERNAL
CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS
Ithaca and London
Copyright © 1976 by Cornell University
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this
book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without
permission in writing from the publisher. For information address
Cornell University Press, 124 Roberts Place, Ithaca, New York 14850.
First published 1976 by Cornell University Press.
Published in the United Kingdom by Cornell University Press Ltd.,
2-4 Brook Street, London W1Y 1AA.
International Standard Book Number 0-8014-0915-2
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 75-16809
Printed in the United States of America
To the memory of
DESMOND BERNAL and
ALAN GARDINER

Acknowledgments
I am deeply indebted to all at King’s College, Cambridge, and to
the China-Japan Program of Cornell University for their great
kindness and tolerance and for allowing me more than enough time
to complete this work. I should like to thank my teachers, Ed­
win Pulleyblank, Piet van der Loon, Robert Scalapino, Benjamin
Schwartz, and the late Joseph Levenson. I am also extremely grate­
ful to David Mozingo for his help and encouragement, and to Ed­
ward Friedman, Richard Howard, Donald Sutton, and Ernest
Young for their thorough reading of earlier versions of this book, for
their perceptive comments and criticisms, and for their encourage­
ment. I should like to thank Paul Cheng for his patient copying
of my appalling characters in Appendix III, Lynne Mulcock for typ­
ing the manuscript, and Jane Fior for her corrections, and my
mother, Margaret Gardiner, for her proofreading. Finally, 1 must ex­
press my gratitude to Li Chin-hsiung of San Francisco for his extra­
ordinary generosity in giving me several rare anarchist magazines.
Martin Bernal
Cambridge, England,
and Ithaca, New York

Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 3
1. Datong 11
2. The Review of the Times 33
3. Sun Yat-sen 49
4. Socialism in Japan before 1906 74
5. Liang Qi-chao 90
6. The Socialism of The People’s Journal, 1905-1906 107
7. The Controversy on Social Policies between Liang Qi-chao
and the Revolutionary Alliance 129
8. 1907 198
APPENDIXES
I. Names of Chinese and Japanese Organizations 227
II. Names of Chinese and Japanese Journals, Books, and
Publishers 229
III. Chinese Forms of Chinese and Japanese Words 231
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
Western Language 237
Eastern Language 244
Index 251