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Chinese Male Homosexualities
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3111 This book presents a groundbreaking exploration of masculinities and homo -
4 sexualities among Chinese gay men. It provides a sociological account of
5 masculinity, desire, sexuality, identity and citizenship in contemporary
6 Chinese societies, and within the constellation of global culture.
7 Kong reports the results of an extensive ethnographic study of contemporary
8 Chinese gay men in a wide range of different locations including mainland
9 China, Hong Kong and the Chinese overseas community in London, showing
20111 how Chinese gay men live their everyday lives. Relating Chinese male homo -
1 sexuality to the extensive social and cultural theories on gender, sexuality and
2 the body, post-colonialism and globalization, the book examines the idea of
3 queer space and numerous ‘queer flows’ – of capital, bodies, ideas, images
4 and commodities – around the world.
5 The book concludes that different gay male identities – such as the
6 conspicuously consuming membain Hong Kong, the urban tongzhi, the ‘money
7 boy’ in China and the feminized ‘golden boy’ in London – emerge in different
8 locations, and are all caught up in the transnational flow of queer cultures that
9 are at once local and global.
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1 Travis S. K. Kong is Assistant Professor in Sociology at the University of
2 Hong Kong.
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‘Chinese Male Homosexualitiesis an original study of what happens when
the translation of global gayness “fails”. What we get are politically
astute insights developed in dialogue between Kong and the Chinese gay
men he came to know . . . in Hong Kong, London and mainland China.
Resolutely anti-essentialist about both gay identity and Chinese culture,
Kong convincingly argues that contradictions lie at the heart of queer
struggles for rights, community and intimacy . . . a must read.’
– Professor Lisa Rofel, University of California,
Santa Cruz, US
‘There is no book out there like this one. Navigating between European
ideals of liberal recognition and Confucian notions of filial obligation,
between neoliberal markets and residues of (post)colonial regulation,
between cosmopolitan consumerism and alternative socialist imaginaries,
Kong’s ethnography of Chinese gay men in Hong Kong, London, and the
PRC is exhilarating and inimitable.’
– Professor David L. Eng, University of
Pennsylvania, US
‘Chinese Male Homosexualities is that rare and joyous thing: an intel -
lectually substantial book that is also a good read. Individual interviewees’
stories bring the intellectual arguments to life.’
– Professor Chris Berry, Goldsmiths College,
University of London, UK
‘This is a stunning empirical study of sexual worlds that are rarely
associated with China, and a highly creative synthesis of the sociology of
sexuality and queer theory. A powerful book that will be of interest to
China scholars as well as sexuality researchers.’
– Arlene Stein, Rutgers University, US
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2 Routledge Contemporary China Series
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6 Nationalism, Democracy and National China and Africa
Integration in China Engagement and compromise
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Leong Liew and Wang Shaoguang Ian Taylor
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9 Hong Kong’s Tortuous Democratization Gender and Education in China
A Comparative Analysis Gender discourses and women’s schooling in
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Ming Sing the early twentieth century
1 Paul J. Bailey
2 China’s Business Reforms
SARS
Institutional challenges in a globalised
3111 Reception and interpretation in three chinese
economy
4 Edited by Russell Smyth and Cherrie Zhu cities
Edited by Deborah Davis and Helen Siu
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Challenges for China’s Development
6 Human Security and the Chinese State
An enterprise perspective
Historical transformations and the modern
7 Edited by David H. Brown and
quest for sovereignty
8 Alasdair MacBean Robert E. Bedeski
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New Crime in China Gender and Work in Urban China
20111 Public order and human rights Women workers of the unlucky generation
1 Ron Keith and Zhiqiu Lin Liu Jieyu
2 Non-Governmental Organizations in China’s State Enterprise Reform
3 Contemporary China From Marx to the market
4 Paving the way to civil society? John Hassard, Jackie Sheehan,
Qiusha Ma Meixiang Zhou, Jane Terpstra-Tong
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and Jonathan Morris
6 Globalization and the Chinese City
Fulong Wu Cultural Heritage Management in China
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Preserving the cities of the Pearl River Delta
8 The Politics of China’s Accession to the Edited by Hilary du Cros and
9 World Trade Organization Yok-shiu F. Lee
The dragon goes global
30111 Paying for Progress
Hui Feng
1 Public finance, human welfare and inequality
2 Narrating China in China
Jia pingwa and his fictional world Edited by Vivienne Shue and Christine Wong
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Yiyan Wang China’s Foreign Trade Policy
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The new constituencies
Sex, Science and Morality in China
35 Edited by Ka Zeng
Joanne McMillan
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Hong Kong, China
7 Politics in China Since 1949 Learning to belong to a nation
Legitimizing authoritarian rule
8 Gordon Mathews, Tai-lok Lui, and
Robert Weatherley
9 Eric Kit-wai Ma
40111 International Human Resource China Turns to Multilateralism
Management in Chinese Multinationals Foreign policy and regional security
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Jie Shen and Vincent Edwards Edited by Guoguang Wu and
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Helen Lansdowne
Unemployment in China
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Economy, human resources and labour Tourism and Tibetan Culture in Transition
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markets A place called Shangrila
45111 Edited by Grace Lee and Malcolm Warner Åshild Kolås
China’s Emerging Cities Developing China
The making of new urbanism Land, politics and social conditions
Edited by Fulong Wu George C.S. Lin
China–U.S. Relations Transformed State and Society Responses to Social
Perceptions and strategic interactions Welfare Needs in China
Edited by Suisheng Zhao Serving the people
Edited by Jonathan Schwartz and
The Chinese Party-State in the
Shawn Shieh
21st Century
Adaptation and the reinvention of legitimacy Gay and Lesbian Subculture in Urban
Edited by André Laliberté and China
Marc Lanteigne Loretta Wing Wah Ho
Political Change in Macao The Politics of Heritage Tourism in China
Sonny Shiu-Hing Lo A view from Lijiang
Xiaobo Su and Peggy Teo
China’s Energy Geopolitics
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization Suicide and Justice
and Central Asia A Chinese perspective
Thrassy N. Marketos Wu Fei
Regime Legitimacy in Contemporary
Management Training and Development
China
in China
Institutional change and stability
Educating managers in a globalized economy
Edited by Thomas Heberer and
Edited by Malcolm Warner and
Gunter Schubert
Keith Goodall
U.S.–China Relations
Patron-Client Politics and Elections
China policy on Capitol Hill
in Hong Kong
Tao Xie
Bruce Kam-kwan Kwong
Chinese Kinship
Chinese Family Business and the Equal
Contemporary anthropological perspectives
Inheritance System
Edited by Susanne Brandtstädter and
Unravelling the myth
Gonçalo D. Santos
Victor Zheng
Politics and Government in Hong Kong
Reconciling State, Market and Civil
Crisis under Chinese sovereignty
Society in China
Edited by Ming Sing
The long march towards prosperity
Rethinking Chinese Popular Culture Paolo Urio
Cannibalizations of the canon
Edited by Carlos Rojas and Innovation in China
Eileen Cheng-yin Chow The Chinese software industry
Shang-Ling Jui
Institutional Balancing in the Asia Pacific
Economic interdependence and China’s rise Mobility, Migration and the Chinese
Kai He Scientific Research System
Koen Jonkers
Rent Seeking in China
Edited by Tak-Wing Ngo and Yongping Wu Chinese Film Stars
Edited by Mary Farquhar and Yingjin Zhang
China, Xinjiang and Central Asia
History, transition and crossborder Chinese Male Homosexualities
interaction into the 21st century Memba, tongzhi and golden boy
Edited by Colin Mackerras and Travis S.K. Kong
Michael Clarke
Industrialisation and Rural Livelihoods
Intellectual Property Rights in China in China
Politics of piracy, trade and protection Agricultural processing in Sichuan
Gordon Cheung Susanne Lingohr-Wolf
1111 Chinese Male
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Homosexualities
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First published 2011
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2011 Travis S. K. Kong
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Kong, Travis.
Chinese male homosexualities: memba, tongzhi and golden boy/
Travis S.K. Kong.
p. cm. –(Routledge contemporary China series ; 52)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
(ebook) 1. Gay men –China –Identity. 2. Homosexuality –China.
I. Title.
HQ76.2.C5K66 2010
306.76(cid:2)620951 –dc222009051976
ISBN 0-203-84920-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN: 978-0-415-45189-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-84920-0 (ebk)
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Contents
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3111 List of illustrations xi
4 Foreword by Ken Plummer xiii
5 Acknowledgements xx
6 List of abbreviations xxiii
7 Note on romanization xxiv
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Introduction: bodies that travel 1
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1 Study of Chinese male homosexualities 16
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4 PART I
5 Hong Kong 41
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2 Queers are ready!?: sexual citizenship and the tongzhi movement 47
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3 Memba only: consumer citizenship and cult gay masculinity 73
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4 All about family: intimate citizenship and family biopolitics 94
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35 London 121
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1 China 143
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45111 7 Sex and work in a queer time and place 174
