Chinese Comfort Women: Testimonies from Imperial Japan’s Sex Slaves

269 Pages·2014·12.766 MB·English

by  Peipei Qiu, with Su Zhiliang and Chen Lifei

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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort
Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on
2020-10-06 06:35:55.
Chinese Comfort Women
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:35:55.
Chinese Comfort Women
Testimonies from Imperial Japan’s
Sex Slaves
Peipei Qiu, with Su Zhiliang
and Chen Lifei
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:14.
1
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© UBC Press 2013
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evre and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
se Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
r sthg Qiu, Peipei, 1954–
ir llA Chinese comfort women : testimonies from imperial Japan’s sex slaves /
.d Peipei Qiu, with Su Zhiliang and Chen Lifei.
eta pages cm – (Oxford oral history series)
rop Includes bibliographical references and index.
roc ISBN 978-0-19-937389-5 (pbk.)
n
I ,sse 1. Comfort women – China – History. 2. Comfort women – China – Biography.
rP 3. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 – Women – China. 4. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 – Atrocities.
ytisre 57.. JWapoamneense – – C Crhimineas –a gHaiinstsot r–y C– h2i0ntah – c eHnitsutoryr.y 6 –. S2o0ltdhi ecresn –tu Cryh.i 8n.a A –b Hduiscttoioryn – – 2 C0hthin cae –n tHurisyt. ory –
vinU 20th century. 9. Prostitution – China – History – 20th century. 10. Sex crimes – China –
dro History – 20th century. I. Su, Zhiliang. II. Chen, Lifei, 1959- III. Title.
fxO DS777.533.W65Q58 2014
.41 940.53'51086949 – dc23 2014002189
0
2 ©
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1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:39.
For those who suffered in the war
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:55.
Contents
List of Figures and Tables / ix
List of Abbreviations / xi
Acknowledgments / xiii
Foreword / xvii
Introduction / 1
Part 1: The War Remembered
1 Japan’s Aggressive War and the Military “Comfort Women” System / 21
2 The Mass Abduction of Chinese Women / 35
3 Different Types of Military “Comfort Stations” in China / 50
4 Crimes Fostered by the “Comfort Women” System / 67
Part 2: The Survivors’ Voices
5 Eastern Coastal Region / 81
6 Warzones in Central and Northern China / 102
.de 7 Southern China Frontlines / 126
vre
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r sth Part 3: The Postwar Struggles
g
ir llA 8 Wounds That Do Not Heal / 151
.sserP 9 The Redress Movement / 160
C
BU 10 Litigation on the Part of Chinese Survivors / 171
.4
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02 11 International Support / 184
©
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iryp Epilogue / 191
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Notes / 198
Selected Bibliography / 226
Index / 240
Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:34.
Figures and Tables
Figures
(All photographs taken by the collaborating researchers of this book.)
1 Dayi (or Daiichi, in Japanese) Saloon indicated with an circle on a 1937
Japanese map / 25
2 A cave dwelling in Yu County, Shanxi Province, used as a “comfort
station” by the Japanese troops and the place Wan Aihua was imprisoned
in 1943 / 41
3 Survivor Huang Youliang (on right) showing the site of Tengqiao “Comfort
Station” on Hainan Island, where she was enslaved in 1941 as a “comfort
woman” / 51
4 Yuan Zhulin revisiting the old temple where the Japanese army kept her in
1940 as a “comfort woman” / 53
5 The buildings of Dayi Saloon on Dong-Baoxing Road in Shanghai today / 56
6 Locations of the “comfort stations” where the twelve women whose stories
are related in this volume were enslaved / 76
7 The rock cave where Li Lianchun hid in 1943 after her escape from
.d
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vre Songshan “Comfort Station” / 79
se
r sth 8 Lei Guiying giving a talk in Shanghai in 2006 to teachers and students from
g
ir llA Canada / 81
.sse 9 Zhou Fenying, in 2007, speaking to interviewers of her wartime
rP
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B
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.4 10 Zhu Qiaomei at the 2001 notarization of her wartime experiences / 94
1
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2
© 11 Lu Xiuzhen, in 2000, giving a talk at the International Symposium on
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giryp Chinese “Comfort Women” at Shanghai Normal University / 98
o
C 12 Yuan Zhulin, in 1998, attending a public hearing in Toronto on the atrocities
committed by the Japanese military during the Asia-Pacific War / 102
13 Tan Yuhua, in 2008, in front of her home / 108
Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:45.
14 Yin Yulin, in 2001, praying in her cave dwelling / 114
15 Wan Aihua, in 2000, telling the students and faculty at Shanghai Normal
University how she was tortured by Japanese soldiers during the war / 119
16 Huang Youliang, in 2000, speaking to interviewers about her experiences
in a Japanese military “comfort station” / 126
17 Chen Yabian, in 2003, in front of her home / 131
18 Lin Yajin, in 2007, attending the opening ceremony of the Chinese “Comfort
Women” Archives in Shanghai / 135
19 Li Lianchun, in 2001, being interviewed in her daughter’s house / 141
20 “Comfort station” survivor Zhu Qiaomei’s home after the Second World
War; her family became destitute as a result of the Japanese invasion / 155
21 “Comfort station” survivor Zhu Qiaomei was sick at home in 2001 / 157
22 “Comfort station” survivor Mao Yinmei (middle) in front of her house
with Su Zhiliang (second from right) and researchers from Germany and
Japan / 173
23 Gravestone erected by the Research Center for Chinese “Comfort Women”
commemorating the life of Yang Wubang, a Hainan Island “comfort
station” survivor who died on 31 August 2006, the day after the Tokyo
District Court denied the Hainan victims’ claim for compensation / 177
24 Chen Lifei (second from left), of the Research Centre for Chinese “Comfort
Women,” attending the funeral of “comfort station” survivor Lu Xiuzhen,
who died on 24 November 2005 / 185
25 “Comfort station” survivor Tan Yuhua (sitting second from left) with history
teachers from North America after giving a talk in July 2008 about her
.d experience during the Japanese occupation / 187
e
vre
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r sth Tables
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ir llA 1 “Comfort stations” in Hongkou District, Shanghai, in 1940 / 33
.sserP 2 A sample list of fees charged by “comfort stations” in China / 63
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Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:45.
Abbreviations
AWF Asian Women’s Fund
CCP Chinese Communist Party
CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference
IMTFE International Military Tribunal for the Far East
NGO non-governmental organization
NPC National People’s Congress
JWRC Center for Research and Documentation on Japan’s War
Responsibility
POWs prisoners of war
RQHZD Riben qinlüe Huabei zuixing dangan: Xingbaoli
[Documented war crimes during Japan’s invasion of north
China: Sexual violence]
RQHZS Riben qinlüe Huabei zuixing shigao [A history of atrocities:
Japan’s invasion of northern China]
TXX Tietixiade xingfeng xueyu: Rijun qin-Qiong baoxing shilu
(cid:5)(cid:35) [Bloody crimes of the occupation rule: Records of the
(cid:36)
(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:36) atrocities committed by the Japanese military in Hainan]
(cid:49)(cid:36)
(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:39) TXXX Tietixiade xingfeng xueyu: Rijun qin-Qiong baoxing shilu,
(cid:38)
(cid:40)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:42)(cid:19) Xu [Sequel to Bloody crimes of the occupation rule:
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:36) Records of the atrocities committed by the Japanese
(cid:48)(cid:26)
(cid:1)(cid:21) military in Hainan]
(cid:20)
(cid:30)
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:11) VAWW-NET Violence against Women in War Network
(cid:8)
(cid:7)
(cid:9)
(cid:1)(cid:56) WAM Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace
(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:39)
(cid:38)
(cid:40)(cid:48)(cid:55)(cid:46)
(cid:45)
(cid:21)
(cid:27)(cid:40)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:44)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:31)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:48)(cid:40)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:32)(cid:46)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:2)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:36)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:42)(cid:32)(cid:52)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:48)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:27)(cid:51)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)
(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:46)(cid:16)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:36)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:34)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:5)(cid:34)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:6)(cid:42)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:6)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:6)(cid:35)(cid:36)(cid:50)(cid:32)(cid:40)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:32)(cid:34)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:18)(cid:35)(cid:45)(cid:34)(cid:24)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:15)(cid:15)(cid:13)(cid:5)
(cid:21)(cid:48)(cid:36)(cid:32)(cid:50)(cid:36)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:5)
Acknowledgments
This book would not have been possible without the assistance and support
of many people and institutions, and to them we are deeply indebted. First
and foremost, we express our gratitude for and admiration of the twelve
Chinese women who courageously came forward and described their experi-
ences in the Japanese military “comfort stations” and their continued suffering
after the war: Chen Yabian, Huang Youliang, Lei Guiying, Li Lianchun, Lin
Yajin, Lu Xiuzhen, Tan Yuhua, Yin Yulin, Yuan Zhulin, Wan Aihua, Zhou
Fenying, and Zhu Qiaomei. Giving us their permission to publish their nar-
ratives in English makes a vital page of history accessible to a larger portion
of the world.
During our research and writing, numerous people assisted us with field
investigations, interviews, and research; although we are immensely grateful
to all of them, it is impossible to mention each by name here. From that
prodigious list we acknowledge, in particular, the kind assistance of: Cheng
(cid:5)(cid:34)
(cid:35)
(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:35) Fei, adopted daughter of Yuan Zhulin; Cheng Shaochan of the Research
(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:38) Center for Chinese “Comfort Women”; Chen Houzhi at the Nanmao Farm,
(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:41)(cid:18) Baoting County, Hainan Province; Chen Zuliang, independent researcher in
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:34) Baoshan City, Yunnan Province; Fu Heji of the Hainan Province People’s
(cid:35)
(cid:49)(cid:31)(cid:47)(cid:44) Consultative Committee Historical Archives; Gao Yulan, daughter of Li
(cid:45)
(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:43) Lianchun; Hu Yueling, director of Tianzi Township Cultural Centre, Hainan
(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:35) Province; Jiang Weixun, son of Zhou Fenying; Li Guiming, independent
(cid:47)(cid:25)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:48)(cid:47)(cid:35) rCeisteya rLcohnegry iann Ygu D Ciosturnictyt , BShuarenaxui Porfo Lvionccael; SHhiast Boirlyu , adnirde cGtoazr eotft etheer, BYauonsnhaann
(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:43)
(cid:29) Province; Su Guangming, president of Lingshui County People’s Consul-
(cid:1)(cid:34)
(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:36)(cid:53)(cid:24) tative Committee, Hainan Province; Tang Guoqiang, adopted son of Lei
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:11)(cid:8) Guiying; Tan Maoxiang, son of Tan Yuhua; Wang Anzhang, stepson of Lu
(cid:7)
(cid:9)
(cid:1)(cid:55) Xiuzhen; Zhang Xuefang, daughter-in-law of Li Lianchun; and Zhou Xie,
(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:38)
(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:54)(cid:45) son of Zhu Qiaomei. We also sincerely thank Chen Junying, professor of
(cid:44)(cid:19) Japanese at Zhanjiang Normal University; Arimitsu Ken, coordinator of the
International Solidarity Council Demanding Settlement of Japan’s Past; and
Zhu Chunli of the Palace Museum, who kindly sent Japanese materials from
(cid:26)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:35)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:39)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:43)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:42)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:31)(cid:45)(cid:31)(cid:43)(cid:2)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:35)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:41)(cid:31)(cid:51)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:53)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:51)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:47)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:43)(cid:33)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:49)(cid:35)(cid:34)(cid:3)
(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:26)(cid:50)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:15)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:35)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:5)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:50)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:5)(cid:33)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:6)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:32)(cid:6)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:6)(cid:34)(cid:35)(cid:49)(cid:31)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:5)(cid:31)(cid:33)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:17)(cid:34)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:8)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:12)(cid:5)
(cid:19)(cid:47)(cid:35)(cid:31)(cid:49)(cid:35)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:15)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:5)