Table Of Content.d
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort
         Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on
         2020-10-06 06:35:55.
Chinese Comfort Women
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
         2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:35:55.
Chinese Comfort Women
Testimonies from Imperial Japan’s  
Sex Slaves
Peipei Qiu, with Su Zhiliang  
and Chen Lifei
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
         2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:14.
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the  
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© UBC Press 2013
First issued as an Oxford University Press paperback, 2014
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, 
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, 
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You must not circulate this work in any other form
.d
evre and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
se Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
r sthg Qiu, Peipei, 1954–
ir llA   Chinese comfort women : testimonies from imperial Japan’s sex slaves / 
 .d Peipei Qiu, with Su Zhiliang and Chen Lifei.
eta     pages cm – (Oxford oral history series)
rop   Includes bibliographical references and index.
roc   ISBN 978-0-19-937389-5 (pbk.)
n
I ,sse   1. Comfort women – China – History. 2. Comfort women – China – Biography. 
rP 3. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 – Women – China. 4. Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 – Atrocities. 
 ytisre 57..  JWapoamneense – – C Crhimineas  –a gHaiinstsot r–y  C– h2i0ntah – c eHnitsutoryr.y 6 –.  S2o0ltdhi ecresn –tu Cryh.i 8n.a A –b Hduiscttoioryn – – 2 C0hthin cae –n tHurisyt. ory –  
vinU 20th century. 9. Prostitution – China – History – 20th century. 10. Sex crimes – China – 
 dro History – 20th century. I. Su, Zhiliang. II. Chen, Lifei, 1959- III. Title.
fxO DS777.533.W65Q58 2014
 .41 940.53'51086949 – dc23   2014002189  
0
2 ©  
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1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
         2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:39.
For those who suffered in the war
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Qiu, Peipei. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
         2014. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=1675135.
Created from towson on 2020-10-06 06:36:55.
Contents
    List of Figures and Tables / ix
    List of Abbreviations / xi
    Acknowledgments / xiii
    Foreword / xvii
    Introduction / 1
  Part 1: The War Remembered
  1  Japan’s Aggressive War and the Military “Comfort Women” System / 21
  2  The Mass Abduction of Chinese Women / 35
  3  Different Types of Military “Comfort Stations” in China / 50
  4  Crimes Fostered by the “Comfort Women” System / 67
  Part 2: The Survivors’ Voices
  5  Eastern Coastal Region / 81
  6  Warzones in Central and Northern China / 102
.de   7  Southern China Frontlines / 126
vre
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r sth   Part 3: The Postwar Struggles
g
ir llA   8  Wounds That Do Not Heal / 151
 .sserP   9  The Redress Movement / 160
 C
BU   10  Litigation on the Part of Chinese Survivors / 171
 .4
1
02   11  International Support / 184
 ©
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iryp     Epilogue / 191
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    Notes / 198
    Selected Bibliography / 226
    Index / 240
Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
         Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:34.
Figures and Tables
  Figures
    (All photographs taken by the collaborating researchers of this book.)
  1  Dayi (or Daiichi, in Japanese) Saloon indicated with an circle on a 1937 
Japanese map / 25
  2  A cave dwelling in Yu County, Shanxi Province, used as a “comfort  
station” by the Japanese troops and the place Wan Aihua was imprisoned 
in 1943 / 41
  3  Survivor Huang Youliang (on right) showing the site of Tengqiao “Comfort 
Station” on Hainan Island, where she was enslaved in 1941 as a “comfort 
woman” / 51
  4  Yuan Zhulin revisiting the old temple where the Japanese army kept her in 
1940 as a “comfort woman” / 53
  5  The buildings of Dayi Saloon on Dong-Baoxing Road in Shanghai today / 56
  6  Locations of the “comfort stations” where the twelve women whose stories 
are related in this volume were enslaved / 76
  7  The rock cave where Li Lianchun hid in 1943 after her escape from 
.d
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vre Songshan “Comfort Station” / 79
se
r sth   8  Lei Guiying giving a talk in Shanghai in 2006 to teachers and students from 
g
ir llA Canada / 81
 .sse   9  Zhou Fenying, in 2007, speaking to interviewers of her wartime  
rP
 C experiences / 89
B
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 .4   10  Zhu Qiaomei at the 2001 notarization of her wartime experiences / 94
1
0
2
 ©   11  Lu Xiuzhen, in 2000, giving a talk at the International Symposium on 
 th
giryp Chinese “Comfort Women” at Shanghai Normal University / 98
o
C   12  Yuan Zhulin, in 1998, attending a public hearing in Toronto on the atrocities 
committed by the Japanese military during the Asia-Pacific War / 102
  13  Tan Yuhua, in 2008, in front of her home / 108
Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
         Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:45.
14  Yin Yulin, in 2001, praying in her cave dwelling / 114
  15  Wan Aihua, in 2000, telling the students and faculty at Shanghai Normal 
University how she was tortured by Japanese soldiers during the war / 119
  16  Huang Youliang, in 2000, speaking to interviewers about her experiences 
in a Japanese military “comfort station” / 126
  17  Chen Yabian, in 2003, in front of her home / 131
  18  Lin Yajin, in 2007, attending the opening ceremony of the Chinese “Comfort 
Women” Archives in Shanghai / 135
  19  Li Lianchun, in 2001, being interviewed in her daughter’s house / 141
  20  “Comfort station” survivor Zhu Qiaomei’s home after the Second World 
War; her family became destitute as a result of the Japanese invasion / 155
  21  “Comfort station” survivor Zhu Qiaomei was sick at home in 2001 / 157
  22  “Comfort station” survivor Mao Yinmei (middle) in front of her house  
with Su Zhiliang (second from right) and researchers from Germany and 
Japan / 173
  23  Gravestone erected by the Research Center for Chinese “Comfort Women” 
commemorating the life of Yang Wubang, a Hainan Island “comfort 
station” survivor who died on 31 August 2006, the day after the Tokyo 
District Court denied the Hainan victims’ claim for compensation / 177
  24  Chen Lifei (second from left), of the Research Centre for Chinese “Comfort 
Women,” attending the funeral of “comfort station” survivor Lu Xiuzhen, 
who died on 24 November 2005 / 185
  25  “Comfort station” survivor Tan Yuhua (sitting second from left) with history 
teachers from North America after giving a talk in July 2008 about her 
.d experience during the Japanese occupation / 187
e
vre
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r sth   Tables
g
ir llA   1  “Comfort stations” in Hongkou District, Shanghai, in 1940 / 33
 .sserP   2  A sample list of fees charged by “comfort stations” in China / 63
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Qiu, Peipei, et al. Chinese Comfort Women : Testimonies from Imperial Japan's Sex Slaves, UBC Press, 2014. ProQuest
         Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/towson/detail.action?docID=3412886.
Created from towson on 2020-10-05 10:38:45.
Abbreviations
AWF  Asian Women’s Fund
CCP  Chinese Communist Party
CPPCC  Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 
IMTFE  International Military Tribunal for the Far East
NGO  non-governmental organization
NPC  National People’s Congress
JWRC  Center for Research and Documentation on Japan’s War 
Responsibility 
POWs  prisoners of war
RQHZD  Riben qinlüe Huabei zuixing dangan: Xingbaoli 
[Documented war crimes during Japan’s invasion of north 
China: Sexual violence]
RQHZS  Riben qinlüe Huabei zuixing shigao [A history of atrocities: 
Japan’s invasion of northern China]
TXX  Tietixiade xingfeng xueyu: Rijun qin-Qiong baoxing shilu 
(cid:5)(cid:35) [Bloody crimes of the occupation rule: Records of the 
(cid:36)
(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:36) atrocities committed by the Japanese military in Hainan]
(cid:49)(cid:36)
(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:39) TXXX  Tietixiade xingfeng xueyu: Rijun qin-Qiong baoxing shilu, 
(cid:38)
(cid:40)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:42)(cid:42)(cid:19) Xu [Sequel to Bloody crimes of the occupation rule: 
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:36) Records of the atrocities committed by the Japanese 
(cid:48)(cid:26)
(cid:1)(cid:21) military in Hainan]
(cid:20)
(cid:30)
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:11) VAWW-NET  Violence against Women in War Network 
(cid:8)
(cid:7)
(cid:9)
(cid:1)(cid:56) WAM  Women’s Active Museum on War and Peace
(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:39)
(cid:38)
(cid:40)(cid:48)(cid:55)(cid:46)
(cid:45)
(cid:21)
(cid:27)(cid:40)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:40)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:39)(cid:40)(cid:44)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:36)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:37)(cid:45)(cid:48)(cid:50)(cid:1)(cid:31)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:16)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:43)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:43)(cid:46)(cid:36)(cid:48)(cid:40)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:32)(cid:46)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:2)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:36)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:42)(cid:32)(cid:52)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:48)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:26)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:27)(cid:51)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)
(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:50)(cid:46)(cid:16)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:36)(cid:33)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:41)(cid:34)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:50)(cid:48)(cid:32)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:46)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:51)(cid:36)(cid:49)(cid:50)(cid:5)(cid:34)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:6)(cid:42)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:6)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:6)(cid:35)(cid:36)(cid:50)(cid:32)(cid:40)(cid:42)(cid:5)(cid:32)(cid:34)(cid:50)(cid:40)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:18)(cid:35)(cid:45)(cid:34)(cid:24)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:10)(cid:11)(cid:8)(cid:9)(cid:15)(cid:15)(cid:13)(cid:5)
(cid:21)(cid:48)(cid:36)(cid:32)(cid:50)(cid:36)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:37)(cid:48)(cid:45)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:50)(cid:45)(cid:53)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:12)(cid:1)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:16)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:16)(cid:12)(cid:14)(cid:5)
Acknowledgments
This book would not have been possible without the assistance and support 
of many people and institutions, and to them we are deeply indebted. First 
and foremost, we express our gratitude for and admiration of the twelve 
Chinese women who courageously came forward and described their experi-
ences in the Japanese military “comfort stations” and their continued suffering 
after the war: Chen Yabian, Huang Youliang, Lei Guiying, Li Lianchun, Lin 
Yajin, Lu Xiuzhen, Tan Yuhua, Yin Yulin, Yuan Zhulin, Wan Aihua, Zhou 
Fenying, and Zhu Qiaomei. Giving us their permission to publish their nar-
ratives in English makes a vital page of history accessible to a larger portion 
of the world.
During our research and writing, numerous people assisted us with field 
investigations, interviews, and research; although we are immensely grateful 
to all of them, it is impossible to mention each by name here. From that 
prodigious list we acknowledge, in particular, the kind assistance of: Cheng 
(cid:5)(cid:34)
(cid:35)
(cid:51)(cid:47)(cid:35) Fei, adopted daughter of Yuan Zhulin; Cheng Shaochan of the Research  
(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:1)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:38) Center for Chinese “Comfort Women”; Chen Houzhi at the Nanmao Farm, 
(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:1)(cid:41)(cid:41)(cid:18) Baoting County, Hainan Province; Chen Zuliang, independent researcher in 
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:34) Baoshan City, Yunnan Province; Fu Heji of the Hainan Province People’s 
(cid:35)
(cid:49)(cid:31)(cid:47)(cid:44) Consultative Committee Historical Archives; Gao Yulan, daughter of Li 
(cid:45)
(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:43) Lianchun; Hu Yueling, director of Tianzi Township Cultural Centre, Hainan 
(cid:22)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:35) Province; Jiang Weixun, son of Zhou Fenying; Li Guiming, independent  
(cid:47)(cid:25)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:48)(cid:47)(cid:35) rCeisteya rLcohnegry iann Ygu D Ciosturnictyt , BShuarenaxui  Porfo Lvionccael;  SHhiast Boirlyu , adnirde cGtoazr eotft etheer,  BYauonsnhaann  
(cid:51)(cid:39)(cid:43)
(cid:29) Province; Su Guangming, president of Lingshui County People’s Consul-
(cid:1)(cid:34)
(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:36)(cid:53)(cid:24) tative Committee, Hainan Province; Tang Guoqiang, adopted son of Lei 
(cid:1)(cid:5)(cid:11)(cid:8) Guiying; Tan Maoxiang, son of Tan Yuhua; Wang Anzhang, stepson of Lu 
(cid:7)
(cid:9)
(cid:1)(cid:55) Xiuzhen; Zhang Xuefang, daughter-in-law of Li Lianchun; and Zhou Xie, 
(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:38)
(cid:37)(cid:39)(cid:47)(cid:54)(cid:45) son of Zhu Qiaomei. We also sincerely thank Chen Junying, professor of 
(cid:44)(cid:19) Japanese at Zhanjiang Normal University; Arimitsu Ken, coordinator of the 
International Solidarity Council Demanding Settlement of Japan’s Past; and 
Zhu Chunli of the Palace Museum, who kindly sent Japanese materials from 
(cid:26)(cid:39)(cid:50)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:35)(cid:39)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:39)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:38)(cid:39)(cid:43)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:35)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:30)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:15)(cid:1)(cid:28)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:42)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:42)(cid:45)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:39)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:1)(cid:23)(cid:31)(cid:45)(cid:31)(cid:43)(cid:2)(cid:48)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:35)(cid:53)(cid:1)(cid:27)(cid:41)(cid:31)(cid:51)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:24)(cid:53)(cid:36)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:29)(cid:43)(cid:39)(cid:51)(cid:35)(cid:47)(cid:48)(cid:39)(cid:49)(cid:54)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:47)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:22)(cid:43)(cid:33)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:45)(cid:44)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:49)(cid:35)(cid:34)(cid:3)
(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:8)(cid:11)(cid:5)(cid:1)(cid:25)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:26)(cid:50)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:1)(cid:21)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:3)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:15)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:35)(cid:32)(cid:44)(cid:44)(cid:40)(cid:33)(cid:35)(cid:43)(cid:49)(cid:47)(cid:31)(cid:41)(cid:5)(cid:45)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:46)(cid:50)(cid:35)(cid:48)(cid:49)(cid:5)(cid:33)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:6)(cid:41)(cid:39)(cid:32)(cid:6)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:6)(cid:34)(cid:35)(cid:49)(cid:31)(cid:39)(cid:41)(cid:5)(cid:31)(cid:33)(cid:49)(cid:39)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:17)(cid:34)(cid:44)(cid:33)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:8)(cid:13)(cid:14)(cid:12)(cid:8)(cid:10)(cid:12)(cid:5)
(cid:19)(cid:47)(cid:35)(cid:31)(cid:49)(cid:35)(cid:34)(cid:1)(cid:36)(cid:47)(cid:44)(cid:42)(cid:1)(cid:49)(cid:44)(cid:52)(cid:48)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:43)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:9)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:8)(cid:7)(cid:4)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:1)(cid:7)(cid:13)(cid:15)(cid:10)(cid:10)(cid:15)(cid:9)(cid:11)(cid:5)