China’s Strategic Partnerships in Latin America: Case Studies of China’s Oil Diplomacy in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Venezuela, 1991-2015

169 Pages·2016·1.24 MB·English

by  Yanran Xu

China’s Strategic
Partnerships
in Latin America

China’s Strategic
Partnerships
in Latin America
Case Studies of China’s Oil
Diplomacy in Argentina,
Brazil, Mexico, and
Venezuela, 1991–2015
Yanran Xu
Renmin University of China
LeXington Books
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Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction: The Puzzle and Research Question 1
PArt I: MethoD In the StuDy of ChInA-LAtIn
AMerICA StrAtegIC PArtnerShIPS 9
1 Case Studies of China-Latin America Strategic Partnerships:
Case Study Methodology 11
PArt II: hIStorICAL BACkgrounD of ChInA’S
foreIgn PoLICy 19
2 Historical Overview of China’s Foreign Policy 21
PArt III: key CASeS In the StuDy of ChInA-LAtIn
AMerICA StrAtegIC PArtnerShIPS 41
3 China’s Strategic Partnership and Oil Diplomacy with Brazil 43
4 China’s Strategic Partnership and Oil Diplomacy with Venezuela 61
5 China’s Strategic Partnership and Oil Diplomacy with Mexico 79
6 China’s Strategic Partnership and Oil Diplomacy with Argentina 95
7 China and Latin America in Comparative Context:
Empirical Analysis 111
v
vi Contents
PArt IV: LookIng AheAD 117
8 Conclusion 119
Epilogue 139
Bibliography 143
Index 153
About the Author 157
List of illustrations
FigureS
Figure 2.1 China’s Oil Production and Consumption,
1993–2015 (mbpd) 28
Figure 3.1 Brazil’s Liquid Fuels Production and Consumption
from 1995 to the Present (mbpd) 50
Figure 3.2 Brazil’s Crude Oil Exports by Region and Country,
2014 (by percentage) 50
Figure 3.3 Chinese Engagement in Brazil’s Oil and Gas Sector,
2004–2013 52
Figure 4.1 Venezuela’s Crude Oil and Petroleum Product
Exports to China, the US and the World,
1993–2013 (mbps) 64
Figure 4.2 Venezuela’s Oil Production from 1995 to 2013 74
Figure 6.1 Percentage of Argentine Petroleum, Soybeans
and Soybean Oil Exported to China from 2004
to 2010 (as percentage of total exports) 100
Figure 6.2 Argentina’s Total Oil Production and Consumption,
1990–2011 (thousands barrels per day) 101
Figure 6.3 Evolution of China’s Petroleum Imports from
Argentina 2000–2010 103
Figure 8.1 Chinese Crude Oil Imports in 2013 by
Region (by percentage) 127
vii
viii List of Illustrations
TABLeS
Table 2.1 Dominant Exports of Latin America and the Caribbean
(LAC) to China in 2009 36
Table 3.1 Brazil’s Oil Exports to China (2000–2014) 51
Table 3.2 Leading Sectors in terms of Aggregate Loss of Market
Share to China, 2004–2013, by Major Market 56
Table 4.1 CDB’s Loans to Venezuela from 2008 to 2015 69
Table 5.1 Volumes of Mexico’s Exports to and Imports from
China, 1998–2014 (millions of dollars) 80
Table 7.1 Chinese Loans to Latin America, 2005–2015
(billions of dollars) 112
Acknowledgments
There are three groups of people I would like to thank for their great assis-
tance in this dissertation. First, I would like to express my profound apprecia-
tions to my professors. Special mention goes to professor Bruce M. Bagley
who served as the chair of my dissertation committee. I thank for his interest
and diligence, not only for his tremendous academic support, but also for
giving me so many wonderful opportunities. I am also very grateful to the
members of the committee, professors Roger E. Kanet, Ambler H. Moss, and
Richard E. Feinberg for their sophisticated advice and knowledge that lead to
many insightful discussions and suggestions.
I am thankful to my friends in Miami for providing support and friendship
that I needed over the past six years, there are too many to mention. My sin-
cere thanks to Dr. Lilian Yaffe for her administrative help throughout my time
at the University of Miami. I also thank Dr. Hasmet Uluorta for his amazing
imagination and strong sense of humor that nurture my enthusiasm for Inter-
national Studies. I thank Yonghong Liu, Nilda Garcia, Samantha Chaitram,
and Diego Andrés Lugo Vivas for their gracious friendship and support.
Finally, I take this opportunity to extend the deepest gratitude to my
beloved parents, grandparents, and other family members for their love and
continuous care. I also would like to thank my husband Zhe Zhang for stick-
ing by my side and believing in my intellect. The dissertation is dedicated to
my soon-to-be-born baby Lawrence for being “well-behaved” in the womb so
that I can fully concentrate on writing and completing this task.
ix