Table Of Content“China’s rise is the most important geopolitical issue today. Yet, it is difficult
to find clear, comprehensive analysis of how China has emerged with such
forceontotheworldstage.Thisbook,therefore,fillsamuch-neededgapasit
covers China’s materialization as a great power since 1949, and, crucially,
coversBeijing’sassertiveforeignpolicysincetheXiJinpingera.Theoretically
and historicallygrounded, it isthe most complete, yet compact and readable,
work on the subject. It will become the indispensable work on China’s
foreign policy.”
M. L. R. Smith, Professor of Strategic Theory, King’s College London,
author of Year of the Bat: Globalization, China and the Coronavirus
(London: Civitas, 2020, with Niall McCrae)
“This book represents a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to
China’s foreign policy. The most outstanding feature of this book is its his-
torical approach that not only analyzes the changes and continuities in
China’sforeign policy,but alsogivesinsightintothe linkagebetweenChina’s
increasingly expansive foreign policy and the historical context of China’s rise.
This thoughtfully written book should be essential reading for scholars,
students, and policymakers.”
Dong Zhang, Assistant Professor, Division of Social Science,
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
“By placing China’s rise in the context of its enduring security challenges
since 1949, this comprehensive and accessible survey will guide students to a
sound understanding of China’s foreign policy and its meaning for its regional
neighbors and for the rest of the world.”
Andrew J. Nathan, Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science,
Columbia University
’
China s Foreign Policy
This volume explains China’s foreign policy from the perspective of its his-
toricalrecoveryafter1949andthecountry’ssubsequentriseasagreatpower,
including its transformation into a global power. It also illuminates how
China has, in tandem with its rise, developed an increasing arrayof political,
economic, ‘sharp power’ and military capabilities that is helping it to further
its increasingly expansiveforeign policyobjectives. Thevolumeexaminestwo
key questions: What havebeen the implications of China’s rise for its foreign
policy? And how has an increasingly powerful and confident China used a
rangeofforeignpolicyinstrumentsto pursueits expanding nationalinterests
in Asia and beyond?
The volume is divided into three parts, covering the conceptualization and
drivers of China’s foreign policy, China’s relations with the world, and the
instruments of China’s foreign policy, namely its economic power, military
capabilities and its ‘sharp power’ manipulation of information and relation-
ships. It will be of interest to academics, students and researchers interested
inunderstanding China’s role in world politics.
Andrea Benvenuti is Associate Professor in Politics and International Rela-
tions at the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences,
Universityof New South Wales, Australia.
Chien-Peng (C.P.) Chung is Professor in the Department of Political Science,
Lingnan University, Hong Kong.
Nicholas Khoo is Associate Professor in the Politics Programme, School of
Social Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand.
Andrew T. H. Tan is Professor in the Department of Security Studies and
Criminology, Macquarie University, Australia.
Europa Country Perspectives
The Europa Country Perspectives series, from Routledge, examines a wide
range of contemporary political, economic, developmental and social issues
from areas around the world. Complementing the Europa Regional Surveys
of the World series, Europa Country Perspectives is a valuable resource for
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While the Europa World Year Book and its associated Regional Surveys
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delving into a country’s particular situation. Volumes in the series are not
constrained by any particular template, but may explore a country’s recent
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order to increase understanding.
Political Party Dynamics and Democracy in Sweden
Developments since the ‘Golden Age’
Tommy Möller
Barcelona, the Left and the Independence Movement in Catalonia
Richard Gillespie
The Taiwan Issue
Problems and Prospects
Edited by Benjamin Schreer and Andrew T. H. Tan
Facets of Security in the United Arab Emirates
Edited by William Guéraiche and Kristian Alexander
Disappearances in Mexico
From the ‘Dirty War’to the ‘War on Drugs’
Edited by Silvana Mandolessi and Katia Olalde
China’s Foreign Policy
The Emergence of a Great Power
Andrea Benvenuti, Chien-Peng Chung, Nicholas Khoo and Andrew T. H. Tan
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/
Europa-Country-Perspectives/book-series/ECP.
’
China s Foreign Policy
The Emergence of a Great Power
Andrea Benvenuti, Chien-Peng Chung,
Nicholas Khoo and Andrew T. H. Tan
Coverimage:Photograph©Shutterstock
Firstpublished2022
byRoutledge
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©2022AndreaBenvenuti,Chien-PengChung,NicholasKhooand
AndrewT.H.Tan
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AndrewT.H.Tantobeidentifiedasauthorsofthisworkhasbeen
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withoutintenttoinfringe.
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ISBN:978-1-032-26077-8(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-08828-8(ebk)
DOI:10.4324/9781003088288
TypesetinTimesNewRoman
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
Authors viii
Acknowledgements x
PARTI
Conceptualization and drivers of China’s foreign policy 1
1 Introduction: China’s foreign policy 3
2 Conceptualizing China as an international actor 16
3 Historical drivers of China’s foreign policy 32
4 China and its lost territories 48
PARTII
China’s relations with the world 67
5 China-Soviet Union/Russia relations 69
6 China’s relations with the United States 84
7 China-Asia relations 102
8 China’s relations with the rest of the world 119
PARTIII
Instruments of China’s foreign policy 137
9 China’s military power and foreign policy 139
10 China’s Belt and Road Initiative 156
11 China’s ‘sharp power’ manipulation of information
and relationships 174
Index 193
Authors
Andrea Benvenuti is Associate Professor in Politics and International Rela-
tionsattheSchoolofSocialSciences,FacultyofArtsandSocialSciences,
University of New South Wales, Australia. Educated at Florence Uni-
versity, Monash University and Oxford University (where he obtained his
doctorate), DrBenvenuticurrently teaches twentiethcentury-international
history and diplomacy at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. His
research interests lie in the field of post-1945 international history with a
strong focus on the Cold War. He recently published Cold War and
Decolonisation: Australia’s Policy towards Britain’s End of Empire in
Southeast Asia (Singapore: National Universityof Singapore Press, 2017).
He is currently working on a co-authored bookon the impact of Western
powers in shaping the Asian regional system (1900–1989) and on a single-
authoredbookonIndia’sforeignpolicyinthe1950s.HeisaFellowofthe
Royal Historical Society (London) and a Member of the Society for
Historians of American Foreign Relations.
Chien-Peng (C.P.) Chung is Professor in the Department of Political Science,
LingnanUniversity,HongKong.Hisresearchinterestsincludethepolitics
and history of China, Chinese and Asian foreign and security relations,
political change in Asia, and ethnic nationalism. Dr Chung has written
three books, Contentious Integration: Post-Cold War Japan-China Rela-
tions in the Asia-Pacific, published by Ashgate; Domestic Politics, Inter-
national Bargaining, and Territorial Disputes of China; and China's
MultilateralCooperationinAsiaandthePacific:InstitutionalizingBeijing’s
‘Good Neighbour Policy’, the last two published by Routledge. He has
contributed chapters to edited books, and published articles in journals
such as Pacific Review, Asian Survey, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis,
Problems of Post-Communism, China Report, China Quarterly, Pacific
Affairs, Asian Affairs: An American Review, Issues & Studies, American
Asian Review, Harvard International Review and Foreign Affairs. Dr
Chung received both his doctorate and Master’s in Political Science at the
Universityof Southern California.
List of Authors ix
Nicholas Khoo is Associate Professor in the Politics Programme, School of
Social Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand. His research focuses
on Chinese foreign policy, Asian security, security studies, international
relations theory and Cold War history. His single-authored publications
include Collateral Damage: Sino-Soviet Rivalry and the Termination of the
Sino-Vietnamese Alliance (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011);
Return to Power: China and East Asia Since 1978 (Cheltenham: Edward
Elgar,2020).Hisco-authoredpublicationsincludeSecurityataPrice:The
International Politics of U.S. Missile Defense (co-authored with Reuben
Steff) (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017); and Asian Security
and the Rise of China: International Relations in an Age of Volatility
(Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2013), co-authoredwith David Martin Jones
and Michael LR Smith. Nicholas is currently writing a book on China’s
power projection tactics. Nicholas has a PhD in Political Science from
Columbia University, an MA in International Relations from Johns
Hopkins University and a BA in Economics from the University of
California.
Andrew T. H. Tan is Professor in the Department of Security Studies and
Criminology, Macquarie University, Australia. He was previously Associ-
ate Professor at the University of New South Wales and Senior Lecturer
at Kings College London, where he was based at the Joint Services Com-
mand and Staff College, UK. Andrew has published 22 sole-authored,
edited and co-edited books, and over 60 refereed journal and chapter
articles. Some of his latest books include The Future of the United States-
Australia Alliance (co-edited with Scott D. McDonald) (London: Routle-
dge, 2021), Research Handbook on the Arms Trade (Cheltenham: Edward
Elgar, 2020), The Taiwan Issue: Problems and Prospects (co-edited with
Benjamin Schreer; London: Routledge, 2019), Terrorism and Insurgency in
Asia (co-edited with Benjamin Schreer; London: Routledge, 2019), The
United States in Asia (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2018), US–China
Relations (Cheltenham: EdwardElgar, 2016), Security and Conflict in East
Asia (London: Routledge, 2015), The Arms Race in Asia: Trends, Causes
and Implications (London: Routledge, 2014), East and Southeast Asia:
International Relations and Security Perspectives (London: Routledge,
2013), Security Strategies in the Asia-Pacific (London: Palgrave Macmil-
lan, 2011) and US Strategy Against Global Terrorism: How it Evolved,
Why it Failed and Where it is Headed (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2009).
