Table Of ContentThe atlas that brings the world and its people to life
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Limit of summer pack ice FraLnazn Jdosef SZeevmerlynaaya
Spitsbergen
New Siberian
Greenland
Islands
Sea Limit of winter pack ice NZeomvalyyaa Laptev Sea
Barents Kara
DeIncSetmlraaanritkd BNIrsiltoeissrhSweeNaSgoeriatah nU SRca nNdBOoiarlt aiec Stnh aEPvu irao pE ea n Plain SeVaolga al Mountains Sea SAiPWbleaerisintaOnb’ SSYenisey i SibIerbCiaenn tPralalteeauALarke Baikail Lena a Khrebemt uCr hersOkSoSkgaehoka ho oatslfikn
CAaIzpsolera MVenCIssdaealrsdandneaeidrrysa SBB Pias yecIn baoaiMyefnSrGAisoauutnullla fnaA haotsf Ma NiiEngAFeer shhdeaigRAtgleaAdarrpHaiIrlgmsaahlw anCanTdresiCb aBaeAarsnpDltkaa iaatSnhnLiiubsayea nbnM D eeaMse rt t tss NBilAae lt aRcinfHEkt atiSVRghateelhdilS aDooSleepayayle niriasCdianeaasruntPcHaAAesoufnrrsrGZn Piaacig ureaonoblrfsfG s MsiCSoiuoaafue ualnAnnafsIPltradpalaiaenintnsaei Ur aanAnuAraArbairabanil aSHnien aSdPeuIMnaaIDd usTmsK alehaBlsuidnaearseteWrsnrirLd Glsvhthkasatse h kDaesEHhaTesKteirGcineu acnGmnnhS aalgtSrus eanihn sMAL oPBal BoanMfnlueaIn adaNsn TAnM2(koIyal 8tyt9saluaimgi8a etol,cnbna0oa5iaaouaadin3en0tfb lunn5asmtsdastfi rstn) Esv erest YeMPMllYeeokoananw gl RniiavnegyrtsG zue lao CSbSohueiniatha MPhilYipapieSnnePT lIseCllancadoEsal SPahhihwiawleiiipupsninaneaP tTrraennchi hani(lSERIiMsepSJaKylaaaspeuypntaiku ad nSy osnsAuheeJfCauaM)peaIan salrrainaHBoonnindH TroealnsclnhoksiMahkrinaauna iTre hncdeo
Guinea Congo Gre Lake Victoria Basin S Borneo Celebes a
A TOLicC Ridge AEAsNceAnsiToNn IISslta CHndelenAaBnagBsCoianlasapine NamCoinbg o Desert KBDaalesasiDhnearrtarkiGereatR nifstZV baealrlmegLTy b aaeknzegi anLNyayikMkoaezK1(aas5m9aib8i,lq3i9ume 45C0hmaafnntn)el jMaadagraSsoBcaor amsianli SReIRyéicOuMhdneNlaigloueensr C itiDusEI AA NN Ninetyeast Ridge Javuam aTtrra ench J aEv aJaa vsa tSe VaI icnAStNoaGrnduUir ladG elT iyaaDSrir tSmeeeDbeaaoostseTrres rPetrRlAtairnSaAe fuarGaLNuIienwDAaerGl airneGregata B atr r iDer iRviedeinfg nRa
t Cape of n eg
n a
Good Hope i
a Tristan da Cunha d
n
tl Gough Island t I S Bass Strait
A es o
w u Tasmania
- h t
d u t he
i S o as
M t I
Kerguelen ndi a n R i d g e
Limit of winter pack ice
South Indian Basin
S O U T H E R N O C E A N A N T A R C T I C A Limit of summer pack ice
Ellesmere Island
A R C T I C O C E A N
East Siberian Sea Beaufort Sea u e e n E l i z a b e t h I slands Greenland
Q Baffin
Limit of summer pack ice
Bay
Chukchi Sea Brooks Range Baffin Islan
Bering Strait Mount McKinley Mackenzie GLarkeeat Bear d Arctic Circle
(Denali)
20,321ft Great Slave
KamchTartekna ch E BeALrlimeiuitn tofi gwain nAtS eABrl epelaauecsaktui iinctaein aIns lTa nr des n c h GA(61ul94almfs) koaf CVoaansct oRMuovouenrtcainks y Mo NLakOe RTHCanaLWd aiikaAnenn iSpMehgHielEuBdda RsyonICdP'éUAninngsauvlaeLMaouurnentatiianns LabSreaador
MKMNouruilioPend Btr-aaPaticanhscisiwif fniicecm persor SeatmCouPnts eanctifriacl P oHawlaMi‘ieannd oIsclianMnodu FsrHrr aaawcyt auFir‘riae cZtuornee Zone Island Coast Ranges Luowern CatliafoSriienrnriaas M Gadrer OeccaidetnSierr ta aMPla dlrae OiMnrisise snotuarli MMiGsPsissYipeupeiun xlcifnia costoaufnla GGArperpaeaatl atLceahWrik aAeens nsMttA tiIsl mNlnBedeosar risiteichnsan Aof GNTreawnfdoL uBnadnMAilkda-snAdtNlantTirTco piRci oIfd CgaenC cer
IslManidscrBaMsIsialnrasnhdasll yn P OA CC EI AF IN C Middle America Trench CarSibebaean AGLuneitsaisnlelaers O C E A N
o Highlands
e
n Lin Equator
nSolomone Islandss i esiaPI shlaonendisx e Islands sia Physical key GIasllaapnadgsos An AmaAzS oMAnmO aEBzoUanR sTiInCHA hlands
d g
CSoeraal VNaenwu aCtauleadonia F iji nch ToSnagmaoa Cook Islands Elevation119938,,461382f64t/fftt3//064000000m00mm BPaesriun Peru - Chile Tes ChacMoPalaton aGltroo sdseo Brazilian HiTropic of CBaBprraiacsozirnnil
Tasman Kermadec Tre Southwest 836132256208648ff201ttfff//ttt///215025100000mm0000m0mm Juan FerInsalanCndedrerzso Aco(26n29crenc,h 5a89g3m1ufa)tAndes PamGran paPasraná
Sea North 0
Island -820ft/-250m a
South Pacific ni Argentine
Island New -1640ft/-500m o
Zealand -3281ft/-1000m ag Basin
t
Basin a
Campbell P
Plateau Mountain Falkland Islands
South Georgia
Permanent ice cap/ice shelf Tierra del Fuego
Limit of winter pack ice Winter limit of pack ice CapeD Horranke Pas s a g e South SanIsdlwanicdhs
Summer limit of pack ice
Antarctic
Peninsula
Antarctic Circle
Severnaya Zemlya
Franz Josef Land
SVALBARD New Siberian Islands
(to Norway)
Novaya Zemlya
JAN MAYEN
(to Norway)
N
ICELAND E
FAEROE ISLANDS D
E
(to Denmark) W FINLAND R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N
NORWAY
S
ESTONIA
ISLE O(tFo MU.AK.N) DENMARK RFUESDS.. LLAITTVHIUAANIA E uRruospsei aa n A s i a t i c R u s s i a
UNITED Y
IRELAND KINGDOM AN POLAND BELARUS
NETH. M
R SLOVAKIA
BELG. E
CHANNEL ISLANDS LUX. G LIECCHZ..REP. UKRAINE K A Z A K H S T A N
(to U.K.) FRANCESWITZ.AUSTRIAHUNGARY MOLDOVA M O N G O L I A
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
MONACO CROATIA SERBIA
Azores ASNDPOARIRNA VACTIITCYSA.MN. B.M&OHN.AT.LB. MBKUAOCLSOGEVDAOROINAIA AGREMOREGNIIAA AZERBAIJAN UZBEKISTANKYRGYZSTAN
(to Portugal) PORTUGAL ITALY TURKEY TURKMENISTAN TAJIKISTAN NORTH KOREA
GREECE
AZERBAIJAN SOUTH JAPAN
GIBRALTAR (to U.K.) SYRIA C H I N A KOREA
TUNISIA
(to PMoratduegiarla) R O C C O MALTA CYISPRRAUESL LEBIARNAOQN I R A N AFGHANISN TAN NEPAL BHUTAN
O A
Can(taor ySp Iasilna)nds M ALGERI A L I B Y A JORDAN KUWAIT P A KIST Ryukyu Islands
WEST(dEiRspNu SteAdH)ARA NIA EGYPT BAHQRAATIANR U.A.E. BANGLADESH LAOS TAIWAN(to Japan)
SVGICEEGAARRMUPBDREIIEBASNISS CE ALAE(ÔAIENULV-TOIEOEBNGR EDYEAMR ’GCLAIIVUOUAROAIITNSIATRE)EA BMU FRAAKSIOLN AI EQNB. GNEIUGNIINIEGNE RCAAE IMAERROO NCR OCAHEEFPANRUTIDCBRALAINSLCUEDRUIAGTDARNJENIABDEOATUHTIIOAP SYSIRAAOEAUMMABDLI EAIIAN S( tooOc YoMAteN rmaen) ML(aAtcoILsc DIlanadIdniVivdaEes)S I NSRI DLANIKAAA(nto(IdStsN oaIIIlnsaNim IlcdnnaGoaiddnabnAsi)dMaaPsr)(OYBARUNERTMMHAAA)RILMACNAAVIDEMLBT(NdRASIABM isUpslYOparNuanSDEttdleII(yIsddAAPI)isaslpraauPnctdeHesld)ILIPPINNEOMSIR(AGStPToL(RUAt HAUoIALA NE.UAMSRN.DU.)SNA.S) MICRONESIA
GHANA G KENYA
TOGO GABON N RWANDA
CO DEMOCRATIC BURUNDI
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE REPUBLIC I N D O N E S I A PAPUA
Cabinda OF CONGO TA NEW
ASCENSION ISLA(NtoD Angola) NZANIA SEYCHELLES OBCREIATN(ItS oTH EU IR.KNR.)DITIAONRY CHRISTM(AtoS AISuLstAraNliaD) EAST TIMOR GUINEA
(to St. Helena) ANGOLA MALAWI COMOROS A(tog aMleaguar iItsiulasn)ds COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS ASHMORE &
ST. HELENA ZAMBIA Q U E AR MAYOTTE (to France) (to Australia) CARTIE(Rto I ASLuAstrNaDliaS)
(to U.K.) ZIMBABWEMBI ASC
A T L A N T I C NAMIBIABOTSWANA OZA ADAG REUMNAIUORNIT (ItoU FSrance)
M M
O C E A N A U S T R A L I A
SWAZILAND I N D I A N
SOUTH LESOTHO
AFRICA O C E A N
Abbreviations key
ALB. ALBANIA
BELG. BELGIUM Tasmania
B. & H. BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA
FRENCH SOUTHERN
CZ. REP. CZECH REPUBLIC
Prince Edward Islands & ANTARCTIC TERRITORIES
EQ. GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA (to South Africa) (to France)
LIECH. LIECHTENSTEIN
LUX. LUXEMBOURG
NETH. NETHERLANDS HEARD & MCDONALD ISLANDS
NETH. ANT. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES (to Australia)
RUSS. FED. RUSSIAN FEDERATION
S. M. SAN MARINO
MONT. MONTENEGRO
SWITZ. SWITZERLAND S O U T H E R N O C E A N
U.A.E. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
A N T A R C T I C A
A R C T I C
Queen Elizabeth Islands
O C E A N GREENLAND
(to Denmark)
Baffin Island
ALASKA
(to U.S.)
C A N A D A
Aleutian Islands (to U.S.)
Kurile Islands
(to Russ. Fed.)
ST. PIERRE
& MIQUELON
(to France)
P A C I F I C
U N I T E D S T A T E S
A T L A N T I C
O C E A N O F A M E R I C A
O C E A N
BERMUDA
(to U.K.)
PUERTO RICO (to U.S.)
MIDWAY ISLANDS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (to U.K.)
(to U.S.) G(tou aMdeexluicpoe) M TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS (to U.K.) VIRGIN ISLANDS (to U.S.)
E CAYMAN ISLANDS ANGUILLA (to U.K.)
(to U.K.) BAHAMAS ST. KITTS & NEVIS
X
I HONDURAS ANTIGUA & BARBUDA
Hawaii Revillagigedo C BELIZE CUBA MONTSERRAT (to U.K.)
WAK(tEo IUS.LS.A)ND (to U.S.) (toIs Mlaenxdicso) O JANMAVAAICSSAA I. HAITI GDUOAMDIENLIOCAUPE (to France)
MARSHALL JOHNSTON ATOLL (to U.S.) GEULA TSAEMLVAALDAOR (toA UR.US.B)A C(tUoR NAeÇthA.)O SMT. A LRUTCIINAIQUE (to France)
ISLANDS CLIPPERTON ISLAND NICARAGUA (to Neth.) BARBADOS
WALLIS & FUTUNA ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES
(to France) KINGMAN REEF (to U.S.) (to French Polynesia) COSTA RICA VENEZUELA GRENADA
A BAKER & PALMYRA ATOLL (to U.S.) PANAMA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
HOWLAND FRENCH GUIANA
COLOMBIA
ISLANDS Galapagos Islands (to France)
NAURU (to U.S.) JARVIS ISLAND (to Ecuador)
(to U.S.) GUYANA
ECUADOR
SURINAME
K I R I B A T I
TUVALU
SOLOMON TOKELAU P B R A Z I L
ISLANDS (to N.Z.) P A C I F I C E
SAMOA R
COOK U
ISLANDS O C E A N
VANUATU
(to N.Z.) BOLIVIA
NEW FIJI TONGA FRENCH POLYNESIA
CALEDONIA (to France) PARAGUAY
(to France)
CORAL SEA ISLANDS NIUE (to N.Z.) PITCAIRN San Felix Island
AMERICAN ISLANDS (to Chile)
(to Australia) N(toO ARuFsOtraLlKia )ISLAND S(tAo MU.OS.A) (to U.K.) East(etro I Cslhainled) S(taol aC hyi lGe)omez San(t IoAs lCmahnbidlreo)sia CHILE N A
Lord Howe Island Kermadec Island
(to Australia) (to N.Z.) I URUGUAY
T
Juan Fernandez Island
(to Chile) N
NEW
E
ZEALAND
G
Chatham Island Continental key R
(to N.Z.) A
Bounty Island NORTH AMERICA EUROPE
Campbell Island (to N.Z.) pages 2-23 pages 46-73 FALKLAND ISLANDS
(to N.Z.) (to U.K.)
Macquarie Island (to Australia) SOUTH AMERICA ASIA CHILE
pages 24-33 pages 74-99
SOUTH GEORGIA &
AUSTRALASIA SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS
AFRICA
& OCEANIA (to U.K.)
pages 34-45
pages 100-109
ANTARCTICA
CHILDREN’S
WORLD
ATLAS
Consultant
Dr. Kathleen Baker
Senior Lecturer in Geography, King’s College London (retired)
Senior Visiting Fellow, London South Bank University
Written by
Simon Adams • Mary Atkinson • Sarah Phillips • John Woodward
A Dorling Kindersley Book
Contents
LONDON, NEW YORK,
MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI
ACTIVE PLANET iv
Project editors Lucy Hurst, Sadie Smith, PLANET PEOPLE vi
Shaila Awan, Amber Tokeley
MAPPING THE WORLD 1
Art editors Joe Conneally, Sheila Collins,
Rebecca Johns, Simon Oon, Andrew Nash
Senior editor Fran Jones
Senior art editor Floyd Sayers
Managing editor Andrew Macintyre
Managing art editor Jane Thomas
Picture research Carolyn Clerkin, Brenda Clynch
DK Pictures Sarah Mills
Production Jenny Jacoby
DTP designer Siu Yin Ho
Senior cartographic editor Simon Mumford
Cartographer Ed Merritt
Digital Cartography Encompass Graphics Limited
Satellite images Rob Stokes
3D globes Planetary Visions Ltd., London
THIS EDITION
NORTH AMERICA
Editor Jessamy Wood 2
Art editors Mark Lloyd, Katie Knutton
Senior editor Rob Houston WESTERN CANADA AND ALASKA 4
Senior art editor Carol Davis EASTERN CANADA 6
Managing editor Linda Esposito USA: NORTHEAST 8
Managing art editor Jim Green
Picture research Myriam Mégharbi USA: SOUTH 10
Production editor Marc Staples USA: MIDWEST 12
Print production Charlotte Oliver USA: WEST 14
Senior cartographic editor Simon Mumford
Satellite images Ed Merritt USA: SOUTHWEST 16
3D Globes Planetary Visions Ltd., London MEXICO 18
US editor Stephanie Pliakas CENTRAL AMERICA 20
First published in the United States in 2003. THE CARIBBEAN 22
This revised edition published in the United States in 2011 by
DK Publishing, 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014.
Copyright © 2003, 2008, 2011 Dorling Kindersley Limited
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001 – 179338 – Jun/11
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American
Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photycopying, recording or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: 978-0-7566-7584-4
SOUTH AMERICA
24
Colour reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore, and MDP, UK NORTHWEST SOUTH AMERICA 26
Printed and bound by Star Standard Industries Ltd, Singapore
BRAZIL 28
Discover more at
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA 30
www.dk.com
ATLANTIC OCEAN 32
ASIA
74
TURKEY AND THE CAUCASUS 76
RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN 78
THE NEAR EAST 80
THE MIDDLE EAST 82
CENTRAL ASIA 84
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT 86
WESTERN CHINA AND MONGOLIA 88
EASTERN CHINA AND KOREA 90
JAPAN 92
AFRICA
34 MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA 94
NORTHWEST AFRICA 36 MARITIME SOUTHEAST ASIA 96
NORTHEAST AFRICA 38 INDIAN OCEAN 98
WEST AFRICA 40
CENTRAL AFRICA 42
SOUTHERN AFRICA 44
AUSTRALASIA AND OCEANIA
100
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC 102
AUSTRALIA 104
EUROPE
46
NEW ZEALAND 106
SCANDINAVIA AND FINLAND 48 PACIFIC OCEAN 108
THE BRITISH ISLES 50
THE LOW COUNTRIES 52 ANTARCTICA 110
FRANCE 54 ARCTIC OCEAN 111
GERMANY AND THE ALPINE STATES 56
SPAIN AND PORTUGAL 58 GAZETTEER 112
ITALY 60 INDEX 134
CENTRAL EUROPE 62 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 136
SOUTHEAST EUROPE 64
BULGARIA AND GREECE 66
UKRAINE, MOLDOVA, AND ROMANIA 68
BALTIC STATES AND BELARUS 70
EUROPEAN RUSSIA 72
ACTIVE PLANET
Active Planet
DOWN TO THE CORE
Earth formed from iron-rich asteroids that
smashed together to build the planet.
Earth is a dynamic planet Early in its history it, melted, allowing
that is always the heavy iron to sink and create
a metallic core. The core is
changing its form. Heat generated by nuclear
surrounded by lighter rock, with
reactions deep below the surface creates hugely the lightest forming Earth’s crust.
Most of the water on the planet
powerful currents that keep Earth’s rocks on
lies in huge oceans, and above
the move, triggering earthquakes and volcanic them is the layer of air that
forms the atmosphere.
eruptions. Meanwhile, solar energy striking the
planet in different ways creates currents in the air,
Lower atmosphere,
driving the atmospheric turmoil of the weather. 10 miles (16 km) thick
This changes with the seasons and from place to
Crust, 5–45 miles
place, creating an enormous range of climates and (8–70 km) thick Solid inner
habitats for the most dynamic element of all—life. Mantle, 1,800 miles core,
(2,900 km) thick Liquid outer 1,515 miles
core, 1,400 miles (2,440 km)
(2,250 km) thick across
North American Plate North THE PLATES OF EARTH’S CRUST
American Plate Heat generated deep within the planet creates currents
in the mobile mantle rock beneath the crust. These
Eurasian Plate
currents drag some sections of the cool, brittle crust apart
while pushing other parts together, fracturing the crust
into separate plates. The biggest of these span oceans
Caribbean
and continents, but there are many smaller plates. At
Plate
their boundaries the plates may be diverging (pulling
Pacific
Cocos Plate Plate apart), converging (pushing together), or sliding past
each other at transform faults.
African Plate
Pacific
Plate South American Indo-Australian
Key to map
Plate Plate
Transform Divergent
Nazca fault boundary
Plate Antarctic Plate
Uncertain Convergent
boundary boundary
WHERE MOVING PLATES MEET 1 Continental crust, much 5 Oceanic crust formed from 9 Hot-spot volcano erupting
The boundaries between the plates are
thicker than oceanic crust heavy basalt rock over mantle plume
volcanic earthquake zones. The plates
move very slowly, pulling apart at divergent 2 Broad basin formed near 6 Upper mantle, mostly solid 10 Ocean trench marking
boundaries. This allows hot rock below to uplifted area but very hot convergent plate boundary
melt, erupt, and cool to form new crust –
especially at the spreading rifts that form 3 Ancient converging 7 Mantle, solid but mobile 11 Volcano erupting over
boundary, now inactive owing to heat currents convergent boundary
mid-ocean ridges. Meanwhile, at
convergent boundaries, one plate slides 4 Mountains created when 8 Spreading rift forming 12 Earthquake zone—one plate
beneath another, pushing up mountain plate boundary was active a mid-ocean ridge grinding under another
ranges and making volcanoes erupt. Other
volcanoes erupt over hot spots in the 13 Plates pulling apart, creating
mantle below the crust. a rift valley
10
9 11
2 8
4
5 13
6
iv 12
1 7
3
