Children, Youth and Development (Routledge Perspectives on Development)

305 Pages·2005·4.83 MB·English

by  Nicola Ansell

1111 Children, Youth and
2
3 Development
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
311 Nearly half of the world’s population is under the age of twenty-five
4 and almost 90 per cent of these young people live in Third World
5 countries. The experiences of children and youth in the Third World
6 are extremely diverse. They are affected by global processes, such as
7111 development and globalisation, and international agreements and
8111 policies relating to children and youth, as well as by more local
9 contexts.
20
Children, Youth and Development focuses on the ways in which
1
changes in development theory and practice have impacted on
2
young people’s lives and considers the influence of the differing
3
geographical and social contexts in which young people live. This
4
text addresses issues that preoccupy children and youth, or dominate
5
policies towards them, with topics as diverse as health, education,
6
child labour, youth unemployment, street children and child soldiers.
7
Finally, the book examines how children and youth, as bearers of
8
rights and with the enthusiasm and energy to bring about change,
9
can be enabled to participate in ‘development’.
30
1 This accessible textbook contains numerous student-friendly features,
2 including boxed case studies from across the Third World,
3 summaries of key ideas, discussion questions and annotated guides
4 to further resources on each chapter’s main topics, as well as
51 diagrams, tables, maps and photographs.
6
7 Nicola Ansell is a Lecturer in the Department of Geography and
8 Earth Science at Brunel University.
9
40
1
43111
Routledge Perspectives on Development
Series Editor: Tony Binns, University of Sussex
The Perspectives on Development series will provide an invaluable, up-to-date
and refreshing approach to key development issues for academics and students
working in the field of development, in disciplines such as anthropology,
economics, geography, international relations, politics and sociology. The series
will also be of particular interest to those working in interdisciplinary fields,
such as area studies (African, Asian and Latin American Studies), development
studies, rural and urban studies, travel and tourism.
Published:
David W. Drakakis-Smith Janet Henshall Momsen
Third World Cities, Second Edition Gender and Development
Jennifer A. Elliott Kenneth Lynch
An Introduction to Sustainable Development, Rural–Urban Interaction in the Developing
Second Edition World
Nicola Ansell Katie Willis
Children, Youth and Development Theories of Development
Forthcoming:
Hazel Barrett Chris Barrow
Health and Development Environmental Management and
Development
Alison Lewis and Martin Elliott-White
Tourism and Development
Tony Binns, Peter Illgner and
John Soussan and Mathew Chadwick Etienne Nel
Water and Development Indigenous Knowledge and Development
1111
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
Children, Youth and
2
31
Development
4
5
6
7111
8111 Nicola Ansell
9
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
51
6
7
8
9
40
1111
43111
First published 2005
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library,2005.
“To purchaseyourown copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk
© 2005 Nicola Ansell
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record of this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-64404-2 Mastere-bookISBN
ISBN0-203-67483-9 (AdobeeReaderFormat)
ISBN 0–415–28768–5 (hbk)
ISBN 0–415–28769–3 (pbk)
1111
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31
4
5
6
7111 To Mum and Dad,
8111 with thanks for my childhood
9 and youth
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
51
6
7
8
9
40
1
43111

1111 Contents
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31
4
5
6
7111 List of plates viii
8111 List of figures ix
9 List of maps xi
20 List of tables xii
1 List of boxes xiv
2 Acknowledgements xvi
3 Abbreviations xvii
4
5
Introduction 1
6
1 Global models of childhood and youth 8
7
8 2 ‘Development’, globalisation and poverty as
9 contexts for growing up 38
30
3 Changing cultural contexts 63
1
2 4 Health: ensuring survival and well-being? 91
3 5 Education 126
4
6 Work: exploiting children, empowering youth? 158
51
6 7 Children in especially difficult circumstances 192
7
8 Rights, participation, activism and power 225
8
9 Postscript 255
40
1 References 257
43111 Index 279
Plates
2.1 Crossed pencils symbol of Cuba’s ‘literacy army’ 42
3.1 Gendered contributions to family welfare 71
3.2 Leisure pursuits 73
3.3 Boys processing home from ‘circumcision school’,
Lesotho 78
4.1 Environmental health risks, Kenya 102
4.2 Receiving treatment in the allopathic healthcare
system, Pakistan 105
4.3 AIDS posters, Lesotho 118
4.4 Drama performed by an anti-AIDS club, Malawi 119
5.1 Girls predominate in secondary school classrooms
in Lesotho 137
5.2 A makeshift preschool outside a primary school,
rural Mexico 142
5.3 Doing homework in Pakistan 146
5.4 Non-formal postprimary education centre, rural Mexico 155
6.1 Working for the family 165
6.2 Work in the informal sector 167
7.1 SOS Children’s Village, Lesotho 221
8.1 Research using storyboards in Malawi 242
8.2 ‘Student-MP’ Nelson Chamisa, Zimbabwe 248
1111 Figures
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31
4
5
6
7111 1 Population pyramid for Somalia 3
8111 2 Terms in use by UN agencies 4
9 1.1 Western concepts of childhood: legacies of the
20 Dionysian and Apollonian views 11
1 2.1 The impacts of structural adjustment policies on
2 children 45
3 2.2 Public spending on external debt and social services
4 for selected countries 52
5 2.3 Widening global income disparities 57
6 2.4 Percentage of each age group classed as poor, Uruguay,
7 1990–1997 58
8 4.1 Major causes of death among children under five
9 worldwide, 2000 96
30 4.2 Prevalence of diarrhoea by feeding mode for infants
1 aged 3–5 months, Peru 101
2 4.3 Wealth gaps in under-five mortality 106
3 4.4 Generational impacts of educating girls 107
4 4.5 Estimated potential impact of immunisation on
51 vaccine-preventable diseases 110
6 5.1 Variation in primary school enrolment between
7 countries within world regions 132
8 5.2 Net primary school attendance rates by gender 135
9 6.1 Children’s economic activity by age group 163
40 6.2 Official unemployment rates by age group 183
1 7.1 Orphans’ school attendance as a percentage of
43111 non-orphans’ attendance 211