Children, Youth And Adults With Asperger Syndrome: Integrating Multiple Perspectives

386 Pages·2005·1.48 MB·English

by  Kevin P. Stoddart

ThisnewemphasisinthefieldonthemoreablegroupwithAutismSpectrumDisorders(ASD)isan
importantoneforresearchersandpractitionerssothiscomprehensivebookisawelcomeadditionto
theliterature.Theeditorhasassembledadistinguishedgroupofcontributors,representingawide
rangeofdisciplinesandperspectives.Theresultisacomprehensivevolumethataddsimmeasurablyto
our understanding of theory and practice in this important area. Although the contributors are
primarilyCanadian,theirthemesandreputationsareinternational,andreaderswillappreciatethe
multitudeofexperiencestheybringtotheseimportantissues.Clinicalpracticeishighlightedbutthere
isasolidsectionontheoreticalperspectivesaswell.Ofparticularinteresttomanyarethepersonalper-
spectivesofindividualswithASDandtheirparents.Thebookwillbeofinteresttoparents,profes-
sionals,academics,andeveryoneelseaffectedbyorinterestedinASD.Itisawelcomeadditiontothe
literature and the editor and contributor are to be thanked for their efforts.
– Gary B. Mesibov, Ph.D., Professor & Director,
Division TEACCH, University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill
Thisisamuch-neededbookinthefieldofAspergerSyndrome.Themajorityofbooksonthisdisorder
dealeitherwithyoungerchildrenorwithadults,andfewbridgethegapbetweenthesetwostagesof
life.Theeditor,KevinStoddart,hasassembledagroupofauthorsfromavarietyofdifferentback-
groundsandtheresultingtextcoversawiderangeofissuesimportantbothforfamiliesandforpeople
withAspergerSyndromethemselves.Therearesectionsdevotedtoclinicalandserviceissues;interven-
tionsandassessment;researchperspectives,includinggeneticsandco-morbidpsychiatricdifficulties,
andfinallyasectiondevotedtothepersonalviewsofpeoplewithAspergerSyndromeortheirfamilies.
Theresultingcombinationoftheory,researchandpractice,spanningtheagesfromchildtoadulthood
willbeofundoubtedbenefittoallthoseinvolvedinthisfield,whetherfromaresearch,clinicalor
personal perspective.
– Dr. Patricia Howlin, Professor ofClinical Psychology,
St George’s Hospital Medical School, London
Inhispreface,editorKevinStoddartstates,“Manyprofessionalsandserviceproviders...feelclinically
unpreparedandfiscallyunabletoaddresstheneedsofindividualswithAS”.Suchwillnolongerbethe
caseoncetheydevourthisastoundinglycomprehensivebook.Iamextremelygratefultotheprofes-
sionalswholenttheirexpertisetothisbook.Finally,apinnaclepieceofworkonallthingsrelatedto
AS. Yahoo!
–Liane Holliday Willey, author ofPretending to be Normal: Living with Asperger Syndrome;
Asperger Syndrome in the Family: Redefining Normal;andAsperger Syndrome in Adolescents:
Living with the Ups, the Downs, and Things In-Between
In providing a multi-faceted viewpoint of Asperger Syndrome, this ground breaking book fills a
wide-open gap in the integration and understanding of Asperger Syndrome, paving the way for
helping people with this condition lead fulfilling and productive lives. Highly recommended for
anyone wanting to learn more about Asperger Syndrome.
–Stephen M. Shore, author ofBeyond the Wall:
Personal Experiences with Autism and Asperger Syndrome
Thisbookisanenormouslyvaluabletool–providingcoverageofahugerangeoftopics,issuesand
approachestoASindividualsfrominfantstoseniorcitizens.Itoffersclinical,therapeuticandpersonal
perspectives.Althougharegularthemeofthebookisthelackofstatistics,studies,orservicesforindi-
vidualswithAS,wecanbecomfortedbythefactthatthiseclecticgroupofcommittedCanadiansis
helpingtochangethat.Myheartfeltthanksgoestothosewhoaremakingsuchvaluablecontributions.
– Kathy Avrich-Johnson, Chair ofthe Board ofDirectors,
Aspergers Society ofOntario
of related interest
Asperger’s Syndrome
A Guide for Parents and Professionals
Tony Attwood
Foreword by Lorna Wing
ISBN 1 85302 577 1
Freaks, Geeks and Asperger Syndrome
A User Guide to Adolescence
LukeJackson
Foreword by Tony Attwood
ISBN 1 84310 098 3
Asperger’s Syndrome and Sexuality
From Adolescence through Adulthood
IsabelleHénault
Foreword by Tony Attwood
ISBN 1 84310 189 0
How to Find Work that Works for People
with Asperger Syndrome
The Ultimate Guide for Getting People with Asperger Syndrome
into the Workplace (and keeping them there!)
GailHawkins
ISBN 184310 151 3
Asperger Syndrome, Adolescence, and Identity
Looking Beyond the Label
HarveyMolloyandLatikaVasil
ISBN 1 84310 126 2
Coming Out Asperger
Diagnosis, Disclosure and Self-Confidence
EditedbyDinahMurray
ISBN 1 834310 240 4
Children, Youth and Adults
with Asperger Syndrome
Integrating Multiple Perspectives
Edited by Kevin P. Stoddart
Jessica Kingsley Publishers
London and Philadelphia
Diagnostic criteria for Asperger’s Disorder (p.16) reprinted with permission from the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, Copyright 2000. American
Psychiatric Association.
Diagnostic criteria for Tourette Syndrome (p.74) reprinted with permission from the Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders, Third Edition – Revised, Copyright 1987. American Psychiatric
Association.
All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or
incidentally to some other use ofthis publication) without the written permission ofthe copyright owner
except in accordance with the provisions ofthe Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the
terms ofa licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London,
England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part ofthis
publication should be addressed to the publisher.
Warning: The doing ofan unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in both a civil claim
for damages and criminal prosecution.
The right ofthe contributors to be identified as the authors ofthis work has been asserted by them in
accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2005
by Jessica Kingsley Publishers
116 Pentonville Road
London N1 9JB, UK
and
400 Market Street, Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
www.jkp.com
Copyright © Jessica Kingsley Publishers 2005
Second impression 2005
Library ofCongress Cataloging in Publication Data
Children,youthandadultswithAspergerSyndrome:integratingmultipleperspectives/editedbyKevin
P. Stoddart.— 1st American ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN1-84310-268-4(hardback)—ISBN1-84310-319-2(pbk.)1.Asperger’ssyndrome.I.Stoddart,
Kevin P., 1962-
RC553.A88C456 2005
616.85’88—dc22
2004021987
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN-13:978 1 84310 319 6 (pbk)
ISBN-10: 1 84310 319 2 (pbk)
ISBN pdfeBook: 1 84642 119 5 (pbk)
Printed and Bound in Great Britain by
Athenaeum Press, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear
Contents
PREFACE 9
Introduction to Asperger Syndrome: A developmental-
lifespan perspective 13
Kevin P. Stoddart, Aspergers Society of Ontario
Part I: Clinical and Service Perspectives
1. Clinical assessment of children and adolescents with
Asperger Syndrome 33
Rosina G. Schnurr, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario
2. Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with
Asperger Syndrome 47
M. Mary Konstantareas, University of Guelph
3. Enhancing academic, social, emotional, and behavioural
functioning in children with Asperger Syndrome
and Nonverbal Learning Disability 60
Barbara Muskat, Integra Foundation
4. Tourette Syndrome and Asperger Syndrome:
Overlapping symptoms and treatment implications 72
Trina Epstein and Jennifer Saltzman-Benaiah, Toronto Western Hospital
5. Young adults with Asperger Syndrome: Psychosocial
issues and interventions 84
Kevin P. Stoddart, Aspergers Society of Ontario
6. Getting to work: Helping the adolescent with Asperger
Syndrome transition to employment 98
Gail Hawkins, Mission Possible
7. Sexuality and Asperger Syndrome: The need for
socio-sexual education 110
Isabelle Hénault, University of Québec
Part II: Discipline-based Perspectives
8. Communication and Asperger Syndrome:
The speech–language pathologist’s role 125
Tracie Lindblad, Child Development Centre of Oakville
9. Integrating paediatrics and child development: Asperger
Syndrome and the role of the developmental paediatrician 140
S. Wendy Roberts and Tamarah Kagan-Kushnir, University of Toronto
10. Children and adolescents with Asperger Syndrome:
Social work assessment and intervention 155
Kevin P. Stoddart, Aspergers Society of Ontario, Barbara Muskat,
Integra Foundation, and Faye Mishna, University of Toronto
11. Medication use in children with high-functioning
Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger Syndrome 168
Leon Sloman, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
12. Meeting the educational needs of the student
with Asperger Syndrome through assessment, advocacy,
and accommodations 184
Georgina Rayner, Parent Advocate
13. Sensory and motor differences for individuals
with Asperger Syndrome: Occupational therapy assessment
and intervention 197
Paula Aquilla, Ellen Yack, and Shirley Sutton, Occupational Therapists
in private practice
14. Psychological assessment of more able adults with autism
spectrum disorders 211
Lillian Burke, Psychologist in private practice
Part III: Theoretical and Research Perspectives
15. Developing a research agenda in Asperger Syndrome 229
Peter Szatmari, McMaster University
16. In search of an Asperger culture 242
Charmaine C. Williams, University of Toronto
17. Child social interaction and parental self-efficacy:
Evaluating simultaneous groups for children with
Asperger Syndrome and their parents 253
Leon Sloman, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,
and Jonathan Leef, Aspergers Society of Ontario
18. The genetics of autism spectrum disorders 268
Jeanette J.A. Holden and Xudong Liu, Queen’s University
19. Quality of life for children with Asperger Syndrome:
Parental perspectives 282
Anne Fudge Schormans, Rebecca Renwick, Renée Ryan, and HeeSun Lim,
University of Toronto
20. Depression and anxiety in parents of children and
adolescents with Asperger Syndrome 296
Kevin P. Stoddart, Aspergers Society of Ontario
Part IV: Parent and Personal Perspectives
21. Asperger Syndrome: Perceiving normality 313
Peter Jansen, Brampton, Ontario
22. From despair to hope: A mother’s Asperger story 323
Fern Lee Quint, Toronto, Ontario
23. Searching for home in a foreign land: My discovery
of Asperger Syndrome 334
Donna Moon, Toronto, Ontario
24. Asperger Syndrome: It’s a family matter 344
Margot Nelles, Aspergers Society of Ontario
25. Life on the outside: A personal perspective on Asperger
Syndrome 352
Chris J. Dakin, Victoria, British Columbia
Afterword 362
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS 364
SUBJECT INDEX 368
AUTHOR INDEX 378
List of figures and tables
Figure 1.1 DSM-IV-TR(2000) diagnostic criteria for 299.80 Asperger Disorder 16
Figure 3.1 Possible overlap between Nonverbal Learning Disability
and Asperger Syndrome 63
Figure 4.1 DSM-III-R(APA 1987) diagnostic criteria for Tourette Syndrome 74
Figure 12.1 The cascading model 190
Figure 18.1 Model for the interaction ofseveral genes in the susceptibility
for autism spectrum disorders 201
Figure 20.1 Percentage ofparents over the cut-offscores for depression
and anxiety 304
Table 20.1 Correlations between the variables 305
Table 20.2 Model summary for depression 306
Table 20.3 Model summary for anxiety 306