Children of Addiction: Research, Health, and Public Policy Issues

559 Pages·2000·1.68 MB·English

by  Hiram E. Fitzgerald

Cover

Children of Addiction : Research, Health,
title:
and Public Policy Issues
Fitzgerald, Hiram E.; Lester, Barry M.;
author:
Zuckerman, Barry S.
publisher: Taylor & Francis Routledge
isbn10 | asin: 0815339003
print isbn13: 9780815339007
ebook isbn13: 9780203904619
language: English
Children of alcoholics, Children of narcotic
addicts, Alcoholics--Family relationships,
Parents--Drug use, Child of Impaired
subject Parents--United States, Alcoholism--United
States, Parent-Child Relations--United
States, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects--
Unite
publication date: 2000
lcc: HV5132.C47 2000eb
ddc: 362.29/13
Children of alcoholics, Children of narcotic
addicts, Alcoholics--Family relationships,
Parents--Drug use, Child of Impaired
subject:
Parents--United States, Alcoholism--United
States, Parent-Child Relations--United
States, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects--
Unite
Page i
CHILDREN OF ADDICTION
Page ii
This page intentionally left blank.
Page iii
CHILDREN OF ADDICTION
RESEARCH, HEALTH, AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES
EDITED BY
HIRAM E.FITZGERALD
BARRY M.LESTER
BARRY S.ZUCKERMAN
ROUTLEDGEFALMER
NEW YORK & LONDON/2000
Page iv
Published in 2000 by
RoutledgeFalmer
29 West 35th Street
New York, NY 10001
Published in Great Britain by
RoutledgeFalmer
11 New Fetter Lane
London EC4P 4EE
RoutledgeFalmer is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.
Copyright © 2000 by Hiram E.Fitzgerald, Barry M.Lester, and Barry
S.Zuckerman All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Children of addiction: research, health, and public policy issues/edited by
Hiram E.
Fitzgerald, Barry M.Lester, Barry S.Zuckerman.
p. cm.—(Garland reference library of social science; 1486. Source books
on
education)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8153-3899-6 (alk. paper)
1. Children of alcoholics. 2. Children of narcotic addicts. 3. Alcoholics—
Family relationships. 4. Parents—Drug use. I. Fitzgerald, Hiram E. II.
Lester,
Barry M. III. Zuckerman, Barry S. IV. Garland reference library of social
science ; v. 1486. V. Garland reference library of social science. Source
books on
education (Unnumbered)
HV5132 .C47 2000
362.29'13–dc21
00–024777
ISBN 0-203-90460-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-90461-3 (OEB Format)
ISBN 0-8153-3900-3 (Print Edition)
Page v
Contents
Preface vii

Contributors xi

List of Tables and Figures xiii

Chapter 1 Are There Dose Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on
Children’s Bodies and Brains?
Deborah A.Frank , Marilyn Augustyn , Mark Mirochnick ,
Tripler Pell , and Barry S.Zuckerman 1
Chapter 2 Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Outcome: From Research
to Public Policy

Linda L.LaGasse and Barry M.Lester 29
Chapter 3 Parenting and Parent-Child Relationships in Families Affected by
Substance Abuse

Sydney Lynn Hans 45
Chapter 4 Assessing Vulnerability to Moderate Levels of Prenatal Alcohol
Exposure

Sandra W.Jacobson and Joseph L.Jacobson 69
Chapter 5 The Teratologic Model of the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol
Exposure

Nancy L.Day and Gale A.Richardson 91
Page vi
Chapter 6 The Clinical and Social Ecology of Childhood for Children of
Alcoholics: Description of a Study and Implications for a
Differentiated Social Policy

Robert A.Zucker , Hiram E.Fitzgerald , Susan K.Refior , Leon
109
I.Puttler , Diane M.Pallas , and Deborah A.Ellis
Chapter 7 American Indian Children of Alcoholics
Paul Spicer and Candace Fleming 143
Chapter 8 Alcohol and Drug Use among African-American Youth
H.Elaine Rodney 165
Chapter 9 Substance Use and Abuse Outcomes in Children of Alcoholics:
From Adolescence to Young Adulthood

193
Laurie Chassin and Aaron Belz
Author Index
217
Subject Index
231
Page vii
Preface
Proceedings of the Third Society for Research on Child Development
Round Table: Children of Addiction
Alcoholism is the most common form of substance abuse in the United
States, with at least 28 million children exposed prenatally or postnatally
to alcohol-abusing parents or other caregivers. Of the 7 million children
under 18 who are exposed to alcohol, approximately 679,000 are
younger than 2 years of age, and 1,555,000 are between 2 and 5 (cf.
Fitzgerald, Puttier, Mun, & Zucker, 2000). Recent epidemiological
analyses indicate that prevalence for an alcohol dependence diagnosis
as defined by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (1994) decreases with
age at drinking onset. The later the onset, the less likely that the
individual will ever have a diagnosis of alcohol dependence. Prevalence
rates have increased in the past decade at the same time that the age of
first use has decreased to about 12 (Grant & Dawson, 1997). When one
adds prenatal and postnatal exposure to cocaine, opioids, and other
drugs into the substance abuse-risk equation, one is forced to conclude
that exposure to substance-abusing parents and/or other adults is a
setting event that places children at high risk for the intergenerational
transmission of substance abuse and related forms of psychopathology
(Fitzgerald, Davies, & Zucker, in press; Zucker, Fitzgerald, & Moses,
1995). The third SRCD Round Table brought together individuals from
nine major research centers, each of which focuses on some aspect of
the intergenerational impact of exposure to substance-abusing parents.
The first five chapters address issues related to prenatal exposure to
alcohol and/or other drugs and its impact of postnatal growth and
development. In Chapter 1, Deborah Frank, Marilyn Augustyn, Mark
Mirochnic, Tripler Pell, and Barry Zuckerman at Boston Medical Center
review evidence that links prenatal exposure to cocaine to brain and
behavioral outcomes. They point out that tracing the route from prenatal
exposure to postnatal outcome is difficult because a standardized