Children and Migration: At the Crossroads of Resiliency and Vulnerability

298 Pages·2010·1.263 MB·English

by  Marisa O. Ensor, Elżbieta M. Goździak (eds.)

Children and Migration
AlsobyMarisaO.Ensor
THELEGACYOFHURRICANEMITCH:LessonsfromPost-Disaster
ReconstructioninHonduras(edited)
AlsobyElz˙bietaM.Goz´dziak
BEYONDTHEGATEWAY:ImmigrantsinaChangingAmerica(co-edited)
DATAANDRESEARCHONHUMANTRAFFICKING:AGlobalSurvey(co-edited)
NEWIMMIGRANTS,CHANGINGCOMMUNITIES:BestPractice
foraBetterAmerica(co-author)
RETHINKINGREFUGEANDDISPLACEMENT:SelectedPapersofRefugees
andImmigrants(co-edited)
Children and Migration
At the Crossroads of Resiliency and
Vulnerability
Editedby
Marisa O. Ensor
AmericanUniversityinCairo,Egypt
and
Elz˙bieta M. Goz´dziak
GeorgetownUniversity,USA
Selectionandeditorialmatter©MarisaO.Ensorand
Elz˙bietaM.Go´zdziak2010
Individualchapters©theirrespectiveauthors2010
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-27253-8
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Firstpublished2010by
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Contents
ListofFiguresandTables vii
Acknowledgments viii
AbouttheContributors ix
Introduction:MigrantChildrenattheCrossroads 1
MarisaO.EnsorandElz˙bietaM.Goz´dziak
Part I UnderstandingMigrantChildren:Research,
Voice,andRepresentation
1 UnderstandingMigrantChildren:Conceptualizations,
Approaches,andIssues 15
MarisaO.Ensor
2 MigrantChildreninHaiti:DomesticLaborandthe
PoliticsofRepresentation 36
DianeM.Hoffman
3 AttheCrossroadsofChildhood,Media,andMigration 54
LiesbethdeBlockandDavidBuckingham
Part II ReviewingPolicies:TakingResponsibilityfor
theRightsofMigrantChildren
4 TheProductionofCriminalMigrantChildren:
Surveillance,Detention,andDeportationinFrance 79
SusanJ.Terrio
5 ProtectingtheRightsofInternallyDisplacedChildren 97
ElizabethG.Ferris
6 WithoutFaceorFuture:StatelessInfants,Children,and
Youth 117
MaureenLynch
v
vi Contents
Part III RethinkingPractices:CreatingSpacesfor
Agency
7 UnaccompaniedMinorsattheCrossroadsinBritish
Columbia:MigrationandTrafficking 143
RobinE.PikeandCynthiaC.L.Field
8 IntheBestInterestoftheChild:Perceptions,Responses,
andChallengesinProvidingAssistancetoTrafficked
ChildrenintheUnitedStates 166
Elz˙bietaM.Goz´dziak
9 SocialMobilityinChildren’sMobility?AnInvestigation
intoChildCirculationamongtheMaasaiofKenya 187
CarolineArchambaultandJoostdeLaat
Part IV SearchingforNewOpportunities:Working
andLearninginaNewLand
10 MigratingwithHonor:SitesofAgencyandPowerinChild
LaborMigrationinBangladesh 209
KarinHeissler
11 TransnationalStudents’PerspectivesonSchoolinginthe
UnitedStatesandMexico:TheSalienceofSchool
ExperienceandCountryofBirth 230
EdmundT.Hamann,VíctorZúñiga,andJuanSánchezGarcía
12 ChildrenofMigrantHeritageandEqualityofOpportunity
inFrance 253
LeslieJ.Limage
TheWayForward:ConclusionsandRecommendations 274
Elz˙bietaM.Goz´dziakandMarisaO.Ensor
Index 281
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
7.1 Unaccompaniedminorarrivalsbymodeof
transportation 151
7.2 UMarrivalsbytypeofentry 151
7.3 Legalentry 152
7.4 UMtypeofunauthorizedentry 153
7.5 UMarrivalsbygender 153
7.6 Traffickedchildrenbyyearofarrival 155
7.7 Traffickedchildrenbymodeoftransportation 156
7.8 Patternsoftraffickedchildrenbygender 157
Tables
7.1 Unaccompaniedminorarrivalsbyyear 150
7.2 Unaccompaniedminorarrivalsbycountryoforigin 150
7.3 Traffickedchildrenbycountryoforigin 155
11.1 Schoolaspirations 234
11.2 Self-describedqualityofschoolmarks 234
11.3 HowwouldyoucompareUSschoolstoMexicanones? 235
11.4 HowareMexicanstudentstreatedinUSschools? 235
11.5 HowdoyourclassmateswithUSschoolexperience
speakSpanish? 236
11.6 Haveyoueverrepeatedagrade? 236
vii
Acknowledgments
This volume would not have been possible without the support and
collaboration of great many people. Our heartfelt appreciation goes to
the authors who have contributed their research on children on the
move to make this book a reality. It has been a pleasure working with
eachandeveryoneofthem.
WeareparticularlygratefultoPhilippaGrand,oureditoratPalgrave,
and her team for their enthusiastic support of this project. We are also
indebtedtotheanonymousreviewerswhocriticallyevaluatedourbook
proposalandprovidedinvaluableadvicetostrengthenthevolume.
We are also deeply indebted to Jill Floyd, a graduate research assis-
tant at the Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM) at
GeorgetownUniversity,forhereditorialassistance.Withoutherexcep-
tionalcommandoftheEnglishlanguage,attentiontodetail,andgood
humor,thetaskofcopyeditingandformattingthisvolumewouldhave
beendauntingindeed.
Various sources provided material support that enabled us to com-
plete this project. They include the National Institute of Justice (NIJ),
theMacarthurFoundation,andtheUSConferenceofCatholicBishops
(USCCB).
Wealsowanttothankeachother!ThedistancebetweenWashington,
DC and Cairo, Egypt, notwithstanding, the production of this volume
was an intimate intellectual endeavor and a rewarding experience. We
arealreadyplanningournextcollaboration.
Finally, we wish to express our admiration for all the migrant chil-
dren whose experiences of displacement and coping, tribulations and
triumphs have inspired our work over the years. For their brave deter-
minationinthefaceofoftenformidablechallenges,andtheirgenerosity
in sharingtheirstories, we thankthem from thebottom of ourhearts!
¡gracias!Dzie˛kuje˛!
May their dreams and hopes for a better tomorrow be fulfilled,
wherevertheirjourneysmaytakethem!
viii
About the Contributors
Caroline Archambault is Assistant Professor of Anthropology and
Director of the University College Utrecht (UCU) in Africa Field Stud-
iesandDevelopmentInternshipProgramattheUCU,theNetherlands.
Her research revolves around issues relating to children’s rights at the
intersectionofsocialanthropology,development,anddemography.She
works primarily in East Africa, with much of her work focused on the
Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania. Her main topics of research include
education, migration, social organization, property rights, livelihood
diversification, social organization, gender, childhood, and poverty. In
herresearchsheemploysacombinationofqualitativeandquantitative
techniques.Herrecentpublicationsinclude“PainwithPunishmentand
the Negotiation of Childhood: An Ethnographic Analysis of Children’s
Rights Processes in Maasailand” (Africa: The Journal of the International
AfricanInstitute,2009),“WomenLeftBehind?:Migration,SpousalSepa-
ration,andtheAutonomyofRuralWomeninUgweno,Tanzania”(Signs:
Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 2010), and “Fixing Families
of Mobile Children: Recreating Kinship and Belonging among Maasai
AdopteesinKenya”(SpecialIssueofChildhood:AJournalofGlobalChild
Research,2010).
Liesbeth de Block is a lecturer in media, culture, and communication
at the Institute of Education and a research officer in the Centre for
the Study of Children, Youth and Media. Her research interests are in
the role that media play in children’s experiences of migration and
settling. Previously she worked in London schools supporting refugee
children.
David Buckingham is Professor of Education at the Institute of Edu-
cation,LondonUniversity,wherehedirectstheCentrefortheStudyof
Children,YouthandMedia(www.childrenyouthandmediacentre.co.uk).
His research focuses on children and young people’s interactions with
electronicmedia,andonmediaeducation.
Marisa O. Ensor is an assistant professor of anthropology at the
American University in Cairo. Her research examines the experiences
ofchildren,women,andtheelderlyinsituationsofdisaster-,conflict-,
ix