Child Rights in India: Law, Policy, and Practice

959 Pages·2017·3.812 MB·English

by  Asha Bajpai

Child Rights in India

Child Rights in India
Law, Policy, and Practice
Th ird Edition
Asha Bajpai
1
1

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Published in India by
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© Oxford University Press 2017
Th e moral rights of the authors have been asserted
First Edition published in 2003
Second Edition as Oxford India Paperbacks in 2006
Th ird Edition as Oxford India Paperbacks in 2017
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ISBN-13: 978-0-19-947071-6
ISBN-10: 0-19-947071-5
Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro 10.5/12.5
by Th e Graphics Solution, New Delhi 110092
Printed in India by Rakmo Press, New Delhi 110 020
To my father,
Ram Manohar Bajpai—
my source of inspiration and strength
Abbreviations
AARTH Action, Advocacy, Research and Training in Disability
AAY Antyodaya Anna Yojan
ACASH Association for Consumers Action on Safety and Health
ACHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights
ACPC Area Child Protection Committee
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
AFAA Authorized Foreign Adoption Agency
AHTU Anti-human Traffi cking Unit
AI Artifi cial Insemination
AIACHE All India Association for Christian Higher Education
AIFTO All India Federation of Teachers Organization
AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board
AIPTF All India Primary Teachers Federation
AISTF All India Secondary Teachers Federation
ARC Adoption Recommendation Committee
ARI Acute Respiratory Infection
ART Assisted Reproductive Technology
ASD Action for Social Development
ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist
AWC Anganwadi Centre
AYUSH Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy
BBBP Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao
BBMP Bruhat Bengaluru Bangalore Mahanagara Palike
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
BLAST Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust
BLSAA Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act
BSY Bal Sangopan Yojana
CA Central Authority
CAA Constitutional Amendment Act
CACL Campaign against Child Labour
CAN Child Abuse and Neglect
CARA Central Adoption Resource Agency
x Abbreviations
CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
CARINGS Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System
CBO Community Based Organization
CCTV Closed-Circuit Television
CEDAW Convention of the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
Women
CEDC Children in Especially Diffi cult Circumstances
CEHAT Center for Enquiry into Health and Allied Th emes
CJM Chief Judicial Magistrate
CLM Child Labour Monitoring
CLPRA Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act
CMAM Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition
CMM Chief Metropolitan Magistrate
CMPO Child Marriage Protection Offi cer
CNCP Children in Need of Care and Protection
CPC Code of Civil Procedure
CPCR Commission for Protection of Child Rights
CPCRA Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act
CRH Committee for Right to Housing
CrPC Code of Criminal Procedure
CRPD Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
CRY Child Rights and You
CSA&E Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
CSB Central Supervisory Board
CSR Child Sex Ratio
CVARA Coordinating Voluntary Adoption Resource Agency
CWA Child Workers in Asia
CWC Child Welfare Committee
CYDA Centre for Youth Development and Activities
DCI Defence for Children International
DCPCR Delhi Commission for Protection of Child Rights
DCPU District Child Protection Unit
DDA Delhi Development Authority
DLSA Delhi Legal Services Authority
DOE Director of Education
DPEP District Primary Education Programme
DPSP Directive Principles of State Policy
DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus
DRC Declaration of the Rights of the Child
DWCD Department of Women and Child Development
EBB Educationally Backward Block
ECCD Early Childhood Care and Development
ECCE Early Childhood Care and Education
ECD Early Childhood Development
Abbreviations xi
ECDC Early Childhood Development Center
ECHR European Convention on Human Rights
ECPAT End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism
EDUSAT Educational Satellite
EFA Education for All
ENAP Every Newborn Action Plan
ESC European Social Charter
ESI Employees’ State Insurance
EWS Economically Weaker Section
FAA Foreign Adoption Agency
FACSE Forum against Child Sexual Abuse
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FASS Forum against Sex Selection
FCA Family Courts’ Act
FCI Food Corporation of India
FSC Family Service Centre
FSSAI Food Safety and Standards of India
FYP Five Year Plan
GATT General Agreement on Tariff s and Trade
GD Government Department
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GER Gross Enrollment Ratio
GHARAUNDA Group Home and Rehabilitation Activities under National Trust Act for
Disabled Adults
GMA Guardianship of Minors Act
GR Government Resolution
GWA Guardians and Wards Act
HAMA Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodefi ciency Virus/Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome
HLRN Housing and Land Rights Network
HMA Hindu Marriage Act
HMGA Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act
HRAH Human Right to Adequate Housing
HRARF Human Rights Advocacy and Research Foundation
HSA Hindu Succession Act
IAPA Indian Association for Promotion of Adoption
IAY Indira Awaas Yojana
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICA Inter-country Adoption
ICARA International Child Abduction Remedies Act
ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ICCW Indian Council for Child Welfare
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
xii Abbreviations
ICMR Indian Council of Medical Research
ICPS Integrated Child Protection Scheme
ICSW Indian Council for Social Welfare
ICT Indian Contract Act
ICTC Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre
IDA Indian Divorce Act
IDM Indian Diplomatic Mission
ILO International Labor Organization
IMR Infant Mortality Rate
IMRB Indian Market Research Bureau
INA Immigration and Nationality Act
INAP India Newborn Action Plan
IO Investigating Offi cer
IPC Indian Penal Code
IPCA International Parental Child Abductions
IQ Intelligence Quotient
ISA Indian Succession Act
ISPCAN International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect
IT Information Technology
ITPA Immoral Traffi ck (Prevention) Act
IVD Intravenous Drug
IVF In-Vitro Fertilization
IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding
JICL Juveniles in Confl ict with Law
JJ Act Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act
JJ Bill Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Bill
JJ Rules Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Rules
JJB Juvenile Justice Board
JRY Jawahar Rozgar Yojana
JSY Janani Suraksha Yojana
JWO Junior Welfare Offi cer
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
LLIN Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets
LMIC Low or Middle Income Country
MASUM Mahila Sarvangeen Utkarsh Mandal
MCJM Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
MDC Mentally Disabled Children
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MDMS Mid-Day Meal Scheme
MENA Middle East and North Africa
MHADA Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority
MHRD Ministry of Human Resource Development
MMA Medical Methods of Abortion
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
Abbreviations xiii
MVA Manual Vacuum Aspiration
MWCD Ministry of Women and Child Development
NACO National AIDS Control Organization
NAFRE National Alliance for the Fundamental Right to quality Education and
Equity
NAMS National Academy of Medical Sciences
NCAG National Coordination and Action Group
NCC National Commission for Children
NCD Non-communicable Disease
NCE National Coalition for Education
NCF National Curriculum Framework
NCHR National Campaign for Housing Rights
NCLP National Child Labour Project
NCPCR National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
NCRB National Crime Records Bureau
NDP ‘No Detention’ Policy
NDPS Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act
NFBS National Family Benefi t Scheme
NFSA National Food Security Act
NGO Non-governmental Organization
NHM National Health Mission
NHP National Health Policy
NHRC National Human Rights Commission
NIMC National Inspection and Monitoring Committee
NIOS National Institute of Open Schooling
NLM National Literacy Mission
NMBS National Maternity Benefi t Scheme
NOAPS National Old Age Pension Scheme
NOC No Objection Certifi cate
NPAC National Plan of Action for Children
NPCL National Policy on Child Labour
NPE National Policy on Education
NREP National Rural Employment Programme
NRHM National Rural Health Mission
NRI Non-resident Indian
NSSO National Sample Survey Organization
NUEPA National University of Educational Planning and Administration
NUHM National Urban Health Mission
NYP National Youth Policy
OAS Organization of American States
OAU Organization of African Unity
OB Operation Blackboard
OFCHR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
OHU Observation Home, Umerkhadi