Chemistry in Action: Lexis and Grammar Practice. Часть 3: Учебно- методическое пособие

83 Pages·2021·1.856 MB·Russian

by  Горбачева Е. Н.,  Миронова Н. А.,  Шибанова Е. С.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«МИРЭА ‐ Российский технологический университет»
(РТУ МИРЭА)
Горбачева Е. Н., Миронова Н. А., Шибанова Е. С.
Chemistry in Action: Lexis and Grammar Practice.
Часть 3
Учебно-методическое пособие
Москва 2021
УДК 42(075) Англ.
ББК 81.2-923
Г 67

Chemistry in Action: Lexis and Grammar Practice. Часть 3 [Электронный ресурс]: Учебно-
методическое пособие / Горбачева Е.Н., Миронова Н.А., Шибанова Е.С. – М.: МИРЭА –
Российский технологический университет, 2021. – 1 электрон. опт. диск (CD-ROM).
Настоящее пособие содержит обзор лексического и грамматического материала,
характерного для научного стиля. Предлагаемые в пособии задания нацелены на
формирование у обучающихся коммуникативных иноязычных навыков, включающих
навыки устной и письменной речи, соотносящихся с анализом научных текстов на базе
общехимической терминологии.
Предназначается для студентов вузов химического профиля по направлению
подготовки бакалавров, слушателей курсов по английскому языку для специальных целей, а
также широкого круга технических и научных работников, самостоятельно повторяющих
курс с целью активизировать умения и навыки профессионального владения английским
языком.
Учебно-методическое пособие издается в авторской редакции.
Авторский коллектив: Горбачева Елена Николаевна, Миронова Надежда Андреевна,
Шибанова Елена Сергеевна
Рецензенты:
Сыресина И.О., к.ф.н., доцент кафедры грамматики английского языка института
иностранных языков МПГУ
Иванова Л.А., к.ф.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков РТУ МИРЭА

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© Горбачева Е.Н., Миронова Н.А.,
Шибанова Е.С., 2021
© МИРЭА – Российский
технологический университет, 2021
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ .................................................................................................................. 2
MODULE VII. AIR....................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 1. Liquid air .................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 2. Air and atmosphere .................................................................................. 11
Lesson 3. Ozone ....................................................................................................... 23
Module VIII. POLYMERS ......................................................................................... 31
Lesson 1. What is a polymer? .................................................................................. 31
Lesson 2. Plastics. The properties of plastics........................................................... 38
Lesson 3. Natural polymers. ..................................................................................... 45
Natural polymers: organic and inorganic ................................................................. 46
Module IX. MAN-MADE ELEMENTS ..................................................................... 51
Lesson 1. The Origin of the Elements ...................................................................... 51
Lesson 2. The Properties of Man-made Elements ................................................... 57
Lesson 3. Superheavy Element ................................................................................ 68
Revision ....................................................................................................................... 74
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ......................................................................................... 80
СВЕДЕНИЯ ОБ АВТОРАХ ..................................................................................... 81

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ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Учебно-методическое пособие «Chemistry in Action: Lexis and Grammar
Practice» Часть 3 подготовлено для студентов первого курса бакалавриата,
обучающихся по всем направлениям подготовки в ИТХТ им. М.В. Ломоносова
РТУ МИРЭА. Пособия является логическим продолжением «Chemistry in Action:
Lexis and Grammar Practice» Часть 1 и 2 и ставит перед собой цель продолжить
формирование иноязычной профессиональную компетенцию с учетом
коммуникативного подхода в рамках тем «Air», «Man-made elements»,
«Polymers».
Пособие сохраняет последовательную и логическую структуру,
включающую такие же разделы, что и в Частях 1,2 - Listening/Watching, Lexis
Practice, Grammar Practice, Speaking, Reading and Writing, что поддерживает
принцип преемственности. Данное пособие отличается использованием
аутентичных текстов, последовательным изложением грамматического
материала, и тщательно разработанной системой упражнений
В методический замысел пособия входит стимулирование
профессиональной заинтересованности студентов в содержании текстов и
возможности высказаться по проблемам будущей специальности. Формирование
коммуникативных навыков, подразумевающих умение анализировать
лексические и грамматические формы, создание потенциального словаря,
навыки устного интерпретирования текста и ведения бесед в рамках заданной
темы, является неотъемлемой частью подготовки профессиональной и научно-
профессиональной деятельности специалистов в области химии, на что и
нацелено данное пособие.

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MODULE VII. AIR
Lesson 1. Liquid air
1. Watching
Discuss the following.
Can you see air? Can you feel air?
What makes air so important for the survival on Earth?
What are its constituents?
1.1. Watch the video and answer the questions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PMenuLJmV0I&t=2s
1. What is atmosphere composed of?
2. What are the important gases in the air?
3. Why are nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide vital for the survival of mankind?
1.2. Match the words in column A and their equivalents in column B. Learn them
before you read the text
А В
1. fractional distillation a. молотый кофе
2. liquefaction b. выкипать
3. to remove c. хирургия
4. gently d. процесс Габера (процесс
получения аммиака)
5. to boil off e. нить накаливания
6. crude oil f. разжижение
7. oxidizable food g. расплавленный
8. ground coffee h. фракционная перегонка
9. surgery i. доменная печь
10. to weld arteries j. аккуратно, мягко
11. molten k. сырая нефть
12. blast furnace l. удалить
13. filament m. окисляемая пища
14. Haber process n. сваривать артерии
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1.3. Watch the video. What is the boiling point of nitrogen?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=J6J47XX55CU
1.4. Complete the sentences. Then watch the video again and check
1. Nitrogen, argon, and oxygen can be separated from the air …
2. Firstly, the air is …
3. The liquid nitrogen, argon and oxygen are then separated by …
4. When it reaches minus 183 degrees C. …
5. And also liquified nitrogen can be used for …
6. Argon helps us to …
7. And scuba divers use argon to …
8. Finally, oxygen is essential for … and survival and, therefore, …
9. Oxygen is also used for …
10. Oxygen is also an essential part of …
1.5. Answer the following questions
1. How can nitrogen, argon and oxygen be separated from liquid air?
2. Why is the air filtered?
3. What temperature is air cooled for fractional distillation?
4. What are the uses of liquid nitrogen, oxygen and argon?
2. Reading
2.1. Match the word combinations in column A and their equivalents in column
B.
A B
1) ultra-low-temperature cryogenic a) пневмотранспортные операции
distillation
2) non-cryogenic approaches b) целлюлозно-бумажное
производство
3) molecular sieve adsorbents c) делигнификация (процесс удаления
лингина из древесины в целлюлозно-
бумажной промышленности)
4) pressure swing adsorption d) продлить срок хранения
5) pneumatic conveying operations e) скоропортящиеся продукты
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6) enhanced oil/gas recovery f) аэробная очистка сточных вод
7) perishable products g) некриогенные подходы
8) to extend shelf-life h) сверхнизкотемпературная
криогенная перегонка
9) a nitrogen-producing facility i) повышение нефте/газа-отдачи
10) pulp-and-paper operations j) поглотитель влаги с молекулярным
ситом
11) delignification k) электромагнитная катушка
12) aerobic wastewater treatment l) адсорбция при переменном
давлении
13) electromagnetic coil m) азотная установка

2.2. Read the text. Do you know anything about additional applications of liquid
Nitrogen, Oxygen and Helium?
Application of Liquid Nitrogen, Oxygen and Helium
Separated air is used nearly in every industrial sector. Liquid gases (oxygen,
nitrogen) have applications in the steel industry, metal processing, the chemical and
pharmaceutical industries, and in food production.
Historically, there have been two fundamentally different approaches to air
separation: the use of ultra-low-temperature cryogenic distillation which is typically
reserved for applications requiring tonnage quantities of oxygen or nitrogen, and the
use of so-called non-cryogenic approaches, which carry out air separation at ambient
temperatures using either molecular sieve adsorbents via a process called pressure
swing adsorption (PSA), or polymeric membranes.
Liquid nitrogen is commonly used as a cryogenic liquid. That just means a very,
very cold liquid. It's normal boiling point is -196 C. It's often used for preserving
biological samples, and occasionally to preserve other things. Not only is it very cold,
but, if you have a well-insulated container, liquid nitrogen will keep things cold
indefinitely, as long as you top of the level from time to time, even in the event of a
power outage.
Because nitrogen is inert to most materials, it is widely used to eliminate the risk
of fire and explosion, in numerous industrial inerting systems and in pneumatic
conveying operations. Nitrogen is also being increasingly used to improve oil and gas
recovery (enhanced oil recovery, EOR; enhanced gas recovery, EGR).
A nitrogen atmosphere is also used in packaging technology to protect food and
other perishable products from atmospheric contamination. When meat is packed into
plastic packaging, the oxygen is removed and then the package is pressurized using
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inert separated gases. This technique is called MAP (Modified Atmosphere
Packaging), which aims to extend shelf-life’. Liquid nitrogen is also used by food
producers to help preserve food. For example, it can be used to flash-freeze meat to
low temperatures (e.g., -1970 C). This not only improves shelf-life, but also preserves
the meat quality as it reduces the formation of ice crystals.
But, beyond the use of the very cold temperatures, nitrogen itself is useful. If you
need to transport and store large amounts of nitrogen, it's most efficient to do so in
liquid form. Most commonly, nitrogen is used to displace oxygen. If you have a process
that is in danger of oxygen corrosion, or if you want to prevent the danger of a fire,
keeping a pure nitrogen environment is the simplest way (this is exceptionally common
in the petrochemical industry). It's even used as a feedstock in some chemical processes
(such as ammonia production). In all of those cases, if you aren't in immediate
proximity to a nitrogen-producing facility, having it delivered in liquid form is general
the best way to go.
Another application of air products is the use of oxygen, instead of air, in furnaces
for metal production. Oxygen can be used to maximize the efficiency in cement
manufacture and steel production. Industrial oxygen is primarily used for enhanced
combustion, melting and smelting operations in steel, aluminum and copper
production, and for enhanced combustion during cement and glassmaking operations,
as well. Additionally, it is applied as an oxidizing agent during the production of many
chemicals, fuels, as well as in pulp-and-paper operations as a safer and environmentally
friendly alternative to chlorine for bleaching, and an agent for delignification. It is also
used to support fermentation processes in biotechnology and pharmaceutical
applications, and to provide biological oxygen demand during aerobic wastewater
treatment.
Air separation is also important in healthcare. Think of the cylinders of gas used
for people who need oxygen; this gas is produced using separation technology.
Liquid helium, separated from air, is used to cool down the super-conductive
magnets in MRI machines. The electromagnetic coil could get very hot and liquid
helium is the air product cold enough to cool this.
2.3. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences
a. Liquid gases have applications in textile industry.
b. Air can be separated by both cryogenic and non-cryogenic approaches.
c. Extremely low temperatures are essential for non-cryogenic approaches.
d. Liquid oxygen is commonly used as a cryogenic liquid.
e. Nitrogen enhances the risks of fire and explosion.
f. It is necessary to remove oxygen while food is being packaged.
g. The efficiency of transporting large amounts of nitrogen in liquid form is higher.
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h. In the petrochemical industry it is common to keep a pure oxygen environment.
i. People use oxygen to produce chemicals and even pharmaceutical applications.
3. Lexis Practice
3.1. Match the highlighted words in the text to their meaning
a) to remove or take away something
b) material that is used to produce something in an industrial process
c) to freeze something, especially food, quickly using very low temperatures, in a
way that does not produce ice crystals
d) cleaning things or removing colour from things by a special chemical
e) the state of being near in space or time
f) to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or
being damaged or destroyed
g) existing in the surrounding area (especially of environmental conditions)
h) an interruption in the supply of electricity
3.2. Match the adjectives in column A and their antonyms in column B
A B
1) liquid a) open (unsheltered)
2) swing b) separated
3) pure c) constant
4) efficient d) domestic
5) insulated e) freezing
6) inert f) impractical, worthless
7) smelting g) solid
8) melting h) reactive
9) useful i) disorganized
10) general j) Mixed
11) industrial k) exceptional, rare

3.3. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in bold
a. Sea temperature rise is already causing bleaching of the coastal reefs.
b. Plastics packagings shall be cooled to ambient temperature before the
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assessment.
c. In the early 1980s, Müller began searching for substances that would become
super-conductive at higher temperatures.
d. Storms caused power outages in hundreds of homes last night.
e. Iron mining and smelting reached their peak during the second half of the
nineteenth century.
f. We must reduce, and eventually eliminate, overfishing and destructive fishing
practices.
g. You live in close proximity to your institute. You’re lucky!
h. Air in the mountains and forests is always wonderfully pure.
i. The plants may need massive amounts of feedstock to make relatively small
amounts of fuel.
j. The Forestry Commission is responsible for preserving over 2 million acres of
woodland.
4. Speaking.
4.1. Read some interesting facts about air
a. The weight of air creates atmospheric pressure.
b. The ancient Greeks used two words for air: «aer» meant the dim lower
atmosphere, and «aether» meant the bright upper atmosphere above the clouds.
c. Our lungs can hold between 4 and 6 liters of air on average.
d. Air pollution is the fourth-largest threat to human health and there were an
estimated 6.5 million deaths worldwide from air pollution-related diseases in
2012.
e. Children are most vulnerable to air pollution.
f. There is no air in outer space.
g. Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue, but at lower temperatures and higher
pressures, it can change its appearance and color.
h. Ocean plants produce the majority of the oxygen in the atmosphere.
i. Oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but
doesn't retain permanent magnetism.

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