Table Of ContentCHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
AND
TOXIC
RESPONSES
CHEMICAL
EXPOSURE
AND
TOXIC
RESPONSES
Edited by
Stephen K. Hall
Joana C hakraborty
RandallJ.Ruch
o
Boca Raton New Y ork London Tokyo
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chemical exposure and toxic responses / editors, Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty,
Randall J. Ruch.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56670-239-9 Calk. paper)
I. Industrial toxicology. 2. Toxicology. I. H all, Stephen K. II. Chakraborty,
Joana. III. Ruch, Randall J.
RA1229.C457 1996
615.9'02-dc20 96-20459
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Preface
Exposure to toxic chemicals and its biologic responses has become a major
focus for an increasing number of health professionals. Industrial hygienists,
safety professionals, public and environmental health specialists, nurses, phy
sicians, emergency planners and responders, and many other professionals are
all intimately involved in the evaluation and analysis of exposures to toxic
chemicals. Over the past decade, the scope and importance of hazardous
materials toxicology has expanded beyond health professionals, and now
impacts an enormous number of nonhealth-related groups such as financial
institutions, city, state, and county planning boards, private corporations, and
many other organizations.
Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses attempts to present the myriad
actual and potential health implications of hazardous chemicals in a single
source. This book is organized so that one can proceed from a general per
spective on the scope of the problem of chemical exposure and toxic responses
to an understanding of toxicology and a method of inquiry. It i s imperative
that the persons who make the decisions to manufacture and use toxic chem
icals be aware of their responsibility for potential effects on workers, users of
products, and the environment.
Chemical E xposure and T oxic Responses is the product of the authors ' and
editors' involvement in industrial toxicology. Written' for those who need'
practical toxicological information, the book compactly and efficiently pre
sents the scientific basis of toxicology as it applies to the workplace, covers'
the diverse chemical hazards encountered in the modern work envin;mment,
and provides a practical understanding of these hazards for those concerned
with protecting the health and well being of people at work.
Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses consists of three parts: Part I
establishes the general principles of industrial toxicology; Part II addresses
specific effects of toxic agents on specific physiological organs and systems;
and Part III is devoted to the evaluation of hazards in the workplace.
Editor
Stephen K. Hall. With more than 20 years experience in occupational health
and safety, Stephen K. Hall is a well-known corporate consultant on toxicol
ogy, industrial hygiene, and chemical safety. Dr. Hall has made a career of
successfully helping clients achieve compliance with federal and state occu
pational safety and health regulations. He holds certifications as an industrial
hygienist in toxicological aspects, a hazardous materials manager, a hazard
control manager, a hazardous waste specialist, and a clinical laboratory scien
tist. He has served as dean of health sciences at several academic institutions
and is the author of numerous books and journal articles on toxicology and
other aspects of chemical safety.
Associate Editors
Joana Chakraborty. A scholar, scientist, and educator, Dr. Joana
Chakraborty is a professor in the Department of Physiology and Molecular
Medicine at the Medical College of Ohio at Toledo. For the past 26 years,
she has been involved in teaching medical, nursing, and physical therapy
students and made major contributions in the area of reproductive physiology.
Dr. Chakraborty has published numerous scientific articles in peer-reviewed
journals and presented papers in national and international meetings. She is
a recipient. of many prizes, including a post-doctoral fellowship from the
National Institute of Health and a fellowship from the Ford Foundation.
Randall J. Ruch. Dr. Randall J. Ruch has been an assistant professor of
toxicology in the Department of Pathology at the Medical College of Ohio
since 1992. Currently, he is the course director of Cellular and Molecular
Toxicology andparticipates in teaching other toxicology, oncology, and pathol
ogy courses at the Medical College of Ohio. His research in experimental
carcinogenesis and hepatotoxicity is funded by the National Cancer Institute,
The Department of Defense, and the American Institute for Cancer Research.
Contributors
Joana Chakraborty James A. Hampton
Medical College of Ohio Medical College of Ohio
Toledo, Ohio Toledo, Ohio
Cathleen M. Crawford Maureen M. McCorquodale
Crawford Communication University of Illinois at Chicago
Consultants Chicago, Illinois
Palos Heights, Illinois
Randall J. Ruch
Robert B. Forney, Jr. Medical College of Ohio
Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Herman A. J. Schut
Amira F. Gohara Medical College of Ohio
Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Joseph C. Siglin
Peter J. Goldblatt Medical College of Ohio
Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio
Toledo, Ohio
Gary D. Stoner
Stephen K. Hall The Ohio State University
Envirotox, Inc. Columbus, Ohio
San Francisco, California
Table of Contents
Part I: General Principles
Chapter 1. Basic Concepts of Exposure and Response .............................. 3
Robert Forney
Chapter 2. Metal Exposure and Toxic Responses .................................... 21
Stephen K. H all
Chapter 3. Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses .................................. 39
Stephen K. Hall
Chapter 4. Chemical Exposure and Cancer ................................ , ............. 53
Gary D. Stoner
Chapter 5. Chemical Exposure and' Hypersensitivity ............................... 65
Stephen K. Hall
Part II: Toxic Responses
Chapter 6. Toxic Responses of the Lung .................................................. 77
Stephen K. Hall
Chapter 7. Toxic Responses of the Blood ....................................... :. ...... 103
Stephen K. Hall
Chapter 8. Toxic Responses of the Liver ................................................ 111
Randall J. Ruch
Chapter 9. Toxic Responses of the Kidney .........................................~ ... 121
James A. Hampton
Chapter 10. Toxic Responses of the Skin ................................................. 133
Randall J. Ruch
Chapter 11. Toxic Responses of the Nervous System .............................. 141
Joseph C. Siglin
Chapter 12. Toxic Responses of the Female Reproductive System ......... 159
Joana Chakraborty and Maureen M. McCorquodale
Chapter 13. Toxic Responses of the Male Reproductive System ............. 177
Joana Chakraborty .
Chapter 14. Toxic Responses of the Cardiovascular System ................... 191
Peter Goldblatt
Chapter 15. Toxic Responses of the Immune System .............................. 201
Amira F. Gohara
Part HI: The Work Environment
