Checklist of medicinal and aromatic plants and their trade names covered by CITES and EU

50 Pages·2003·0.34 MB·English

Checklist
of medicinal and aromatic plants
and their trade names
covered by CITES and EU Regulation 2307/97
Version 3.0
compiled by
Dagmar Lange
and
Uwe Schippmann
BfN - Skripten 8
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 2000
Checklist
of medicinal and aromatic plants
and their trade names
covered by CITES and EU Regulation 2307/97
Version 3.0
compiled by
Dagmar Lange
and
Uwe Schippmann
German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation 2000
BfN-Skripten are not available in bookstores.
Publisher: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN)/German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
Konstantinstrasse 110, D-53179 Bonn
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Internet: http://www.bfn.de
This work with all its parts is protected by copyright.
Printed on recycled paper.
Bonn, May 1999, reprinted November 2000
Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0 3
Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................ 3
2. References ......................................................................... 6
3. List of species (arranged alphabetically by genus) .......................................... 9
4. List of species (arranged alphabetically by family) ......................................... 23
5. Index of synonyms .................................................................. 29
6. Index of trade and vernacular names .................................................... 33
1. Introduction
Background About 21,000 plant species, most of them orchid and cacti species, are subject to CITES controls.
For a long time, the rationale for including plant species in one of the CITES Appendices has been almost
exclusively their threat owing to international horticultural trade (table 1).
Recent years have seen a growing awareness of
Table 1. Number of species in plant groups listed in the threats faced by plant species used as a source
CITES Appendices I and II. of medicines, herbal remedies, cosmetics and
dyes. The unprecedented boom in the demand for
Plant group Appendix I Appendix II
plant-based medicines, the increasingly global
Succulents 108 2424
nature of trade, the surprisingly high proportion
Orchids 53 17500 of wild-harvested plant species, and their
Carnivorous plants 5 82 relatively low prices have resulted in growing
pressure on the wild plant populations. For some
Other horticultural plants 43 789
of them, the potential risk of over-exploitation led
Medicinal plants 1 13
to their inclusion in CITES. Not less than seven
Timber producing taxa 7 6 additional plant species involved in medicinal and
TOTAL 217 20814 aromatic plant trade were included in the CITES
Appendices at the 9th and 10th CITES
Conferences of the Parties in 1994 and 1997.
Fourteen species have been explicitly included in the Appendices because of the trade in medicinal and
cosmetic products (table 2). Additionally, species of other CITES plant groups which have been included in the
Appendices as higher taxa (e.g. Cactaceae, Cyathaeaceae, Cycadaceae, Orchidaceae, Aloe spp.) are often traded
for medicinal purposes. A review of all CITES listed plant species has revealed that more than 230 CITES
plants are traded for medicinal purposes or at least have a trade potential (SCHIPPMANN 1999). In some cases,
this trade surpasses other reasons for trade (such as horticulture) for which the species was originally listed.
Although some of these 230 medicinal and aromatic plant species are significantly traded internationally, the
trade in their parts has gone mostly undocumented and as a result there is unsufficient trade data reported in the
official CITES records held in the CITES Trade Database at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre
(WCMC).
Main reason for this implementation deficit is that CITES Management and Customs authorities find it very
difficult to decide whether plant commodities in trade originate from a species included in one of the CITES
Appendices or not: (1) Medicinal and aromatic plants appear in trade under their trade or pharmaceutical names
4 Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0
which may differ from the accepted scientific name of the species. No checklist of these names yet exists. (2)
Commodities in trade are roots, leaves, flowers, bark etc. rather than whole plants. No identification manual
exists for parts and derivatives originating from CITES plant species used for medicinal and aromatic purposes.
The German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation has developed a training module on medicinal and
aromatic plant species included in the CITES Appendices to assist national CITES authorities in efficiently
implementing the Convention (LANGE 1998).
Need for a checklist of trade names. Most medicinal plant consignments do not contain scientific names on
their papers. They are accompanied by trade or even vernacular names. There is a need to cross-reference these
trade names with their corresponding scientific names. The Index of Trade and Vernacular Names in part 6 of
this checklist provides a tool to identify a scientific name for a given trade or common name.
Table 2. List of taxa which have been explicitly included in the CITES Appendices because of trade for medicinal
purposes. For explanation of annotations see table 4.
Species Family Date of inclusion in App. I App. II Annotation
CITES
Aquilaria malaccensis Thymelaeaceae 16.2.1995 M #1
Dioscorea deltoidea Dioscoreaceae 1.7.1975 M #1
Guaiacum officinale Zygophyllaceae 11.6.1992 M #1
Guaiacum sanctum Zygophyllaceae 1.7.1975 M #1
Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae 18.9.1997 M #3
Nardostachys grandiflora Valerianaceae 18.9.1997 M #3
Panax quinquefolius Araliaceae 1.7.1975 M #3
Picrorhiza kurrooa Scrophulariaceae 18.9.1997 M #3
Podophyllum hexandrum Berberidaceae 18.1.1990 M #2
Prunus africana Rosaceae 16.2.1995 M #1
Pterocarpus santalinus Leguminosae 16.2.1995 M #6
Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae 18.1.1990 M #2
Saussurea costus Asteraceae 1.7.1975 App. II
M
(Compositae) 1.8.1985 App. I
Taxus wallichiana Taxaceae 16.2.1995 M #8
The checklist essentially covers the same taxa as included in the Significant Trade Study for CITES medicinal
plants (SCHIPPMANN 1999) and in Notification 1999/26 of the CITES Secretariat. To qualify for inclusion a
species has to be (1) included in one of the CITES Appendices, (2) used regularly for medicinal purposes and
(3) traded internationally or at least have a potential to be in international trade.
Additional but yet unknown CITES taxa (especially from the orchid family) remain to be identified as having
medicinal trade potential. If you come across such a case, please communicate this to the compilers. This will
be added and acknowledged in the next version of the checklist and the corresponding CITES Notification.
Trade names. If a trade name is not found in the Index of Trade and Vernacular Names, this is most likely not
a CITES protected species. However, there is no guarantee for that because some trade names may not have
been listed, new ones may have been created or even spelling errors may occur.
We have tried to concentrate on the trade names, i.e. the ones that will most likely occur in international trade
and its accompanying documents. It was, however, often difficult to assess whether a name is actually used in
trade or is only a vernacular name in the country of origin. In cases of doubt we have chosen to rather include
a name than to exclude it. In the framework of this checklist they are all called trade names whilst recognizing
that some of them may be mere common names.
Nomenclature. The nomenclature of all names has been checked against CITES standard reference lists and
other sources: BUTTLER (1986), CARTER & EGGLI (1997), DRESSLER (1993), GREY-WILSON (1997), HUNT
(1992), JACOBSEN (1981), KREUTZ (1998), OERTLE (1987), REYNOLDS (1982), ROBERTS & al. (1995, 1997),
STEVENSON & al. (1995), and the Index Kewensis in its 1996 CD-ROM version.
Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0 5
Origin of trade names. For all trade names, the source and origin have been documented. The abbreviations
listed in table 3 have been used to indicate the language or country/place of origin of a given trade name.
Table 3. Language or geographical origin of trade names.
afr Africaans dut Dutch Kis Kiswahili ori Oriya
alb Albanian eng English kom Kom per Persian
and Andamans fin Finnish kor Korean pha Pharmaceutical
ara Arabic fre French kum Kumauni nomenclature
ass Assamese gar Garhwali lus Lushai pol Polish
bak Bakweri ger German mad Malagasy por Portuguese
bam Bamenda guj Gujarati mal Malay pun Punjabi
ban Banso hin Hindi mar Marathi ruk Rukiga
ben Bengalese hom Homeopathic meg Meghalaya rus Russian
bhu Bhutanese hun Hungarian mex Mexican san Sanskrit
cac Cachar ita Italian mik Mikir spa Spanish
cam Cameroon jap Japanese mum Mumbai swe Swedish
chi Chinese kan Kanarese/Kannada mun Mundari tam Tamil
cze Czech kas Kashmiri nep Nepalese tel Telugu
dan Danish kha Khasi nor Norwegian tib Tibetan
del Delhi kik Kikuky oku Oku tur Turkish
urd Urdu
Acknowledgements. We wish to thank EMILIO BLANCO, Madrid, JIA JIANSHENG, CITES Management
Authority P. R. China, Beijing, MAX KASPAREK, Heidelberg, MANOJ KUMAR MISRA, TRAFFIC India, New
Delhi, NINA MARSHALL, TRAFFIC East/Southern Africa, Nairobi, ÉVA NÉMETH ZÁMBORI, University of
Horticulture and Food Industry, Budapest, CHRIS ROBBINS, TRAFFIC North America, Washington, JACQUI
ROBERTS, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, N. C. SHAH, Herbal Research and Development Foundation, Lucknow,
VINAY TANDON, formerly at the Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bangalore,
and ZDENKA PODHAJSKÁ, Agency for Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection of the Czech Republic,
Praha, who kindly supported us by reviewing this checklist and sharing their comprehensive knowledge in
relation to medicinal plants with the authors. We also would like to thank NATALIE HOFBAUER, Bundesamt für
Naturschutz, Bonn, for her continuing support.
Abbreviations and standards used.
(1) The lists provide information on the level of protection: ‘App I’, ‘App II’ or ‘App III’ are used to identify
the Appendix of CITES. The abbrevations ‘Ann A’, ‘Ann B’, ‘Ann C’, or ‘Ann D’ identify the Annex of EU
Regulation 2307/97 which implements CITES in the European Union. Annex D includes only non-CITES taxa
for trade monitoring purposes.
(2) Both CITES Appendices and EU Regulation 2307/97 contain a number of annotations in footnotes which
are quoted in the lists and explained in table 4.
(3) Under the accepted scientific name, synonyms are listed under “S”, trade and vernacular names are given
under “T”. The trade/vernacular names are annotated in brackets according to their language source, for
abbreviations see table 3.
(4) Medicinal and aromatic plant taxa in significant trade are printed in bold and preceeded by an asterisk.
Species with documented international trade are printed in bold.
6 Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0
Table 4. The annotations to Appendix II species designate which parts and derivatives are controlled by CITES and
the CITES EU Regulation.
#1 Designates all parts and derivatives, except a) seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia); b) seedling or
tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; and c) cut flowers
of artificially propagated plants.
#2 Designates all parts and derivatives, except a) seeds and pollen; b) seedlings or tissue cultures obtained in
vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers of artificially propagated plants;
and d) chemical derivatives.
#3 Designates whole and sliced roots and parts of roots, excluding manufactured parts or derivatives such as
powders, pills, extracts, tonics, teas, and confectionery.
#4 Designates all parts and derivatives, except: a) seeds, except those from Mexican cacti originating in Mexico,
and pollen; b) seedling or tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile
containers; c) cut flowers of artificially propagated plants; d) fruits and parts and derivatives thereof of
naturalized or artificially propagated plants; and e) separate stem joints (pads) and parts and derivatives
thereof of naturalized or artificially propagated plants of the genus Opuntia subgenus Opuntia.
#6 Designates logs, wood-chips and unprocessed broken material.
#7 Designates all parts and derivatives, except a) seeds, spores and pollen (including pollinia); b) seedlings or
tissue cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers of
artificially propagated plants; and d) fruits and parts and derivatives thereof of artificially propagated plants
of the genus Vanilla.
#8 Designates all parts and derivatives, except a) seeds and pollen; b) seedlings or tissue cultures obtained in
vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers of artificially propagated plants;
and d) finished pharmaceutical products.
§3 [The] provisions shall apply ... to live specimens ... [and to] dried and fresh plants, including leaves,
roots/rootstock, stems, seeds/spores, bark, and fruits.
2. References
The following list includes also those references which have been consulted to identify taxa in trade and their
corresponding trade names.
ABDUL KAREEM, M. (1997): Plants in Ayurveda. A compendium of botanical and Sanskrit names. - 243 pp., FRLHT,
Bangalore.
Anon. (1948-1997): Wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. 11 vols. & 3
supplements. - New Delhi.
BLANCO CASTRO, E., Madrid (23.6.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
BUTTLER, K.P. (1986): Orchideen. - 287 pp., Mosaik Verlag, München.
CARTER, S. & EGGLI, U. (1997): The CITES checklist of succulent Euphorbia taxa. - xix+70 pp., Federal Agency for
Nature Conservation, Bonn.
CATLING, P.M. & SMALL, E. (1994): Poorly known economic plants of Canada. 3. Hydrastis canadensis L. - CBA/ABC
Bulletin 27(3): 50-51.
COFFEY, T. (1993): The history and folklore of North American wildflowers. - Facts on File, New York.
CUNNINGHAM, A.B., People & Plants Initiative, Africa Coordinator (23.2.1998): in litt. to D. LANGE.
CUNNINGHAM, M. (1997): Review of trade structure and elaboration of an identification guide for Prunus africana. - 41
[36] pp., Unpublished report for BfN, Betty's Bay.
DRESSLER, R.L. (1993): Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. - 314 pp., Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0 7
DUKE, J.A. & AYENSU, E.S. (1985): Medicinal plants of China. 2 volumes. - 705 pp., Reference Publications, Algonac
(Medicinal plants of the world 4).
GALAMBOSI, B. (1.1997): in litt. to D. LANGE.
GISLASON, H.T. (11.3.1996): in litt. to D. LANGE.
GREY-WILSON, C. (1997): Cyclamen. A guide for gardeners, horticulturists and botanists. - 192 pp., B.T. Batsford, London.
HÄNSEL, R., KELLER, K., RIMPLER, H. & SCHNEIDER, G., Eds. (1992-1994): HAGERs Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis
4-6. Drogen A-Z. - Springer, Berlin.
HAU CHI-HANG (1997): A general evaluation of Hong Kong's trade [in] medicinal plants listed in CITES. Second draft
report. - 41 pp., 10 photos, TRAFFIC East Asia. Unpublished report, Hong Kong.
HUNT, D. (1992): CITES Cactaceae Checklist. - 190 pp., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
HUSAIN, A., VIRMANI, O.P., POPLI, S.P., MISRA, L.N., GUPTA, M.M. & al. (1992): Dictionary of Indian medicinal plants. -
546 pp., Central Inst. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow.
INDIA (1997): CITES Proposal. Inclusion of Picrorhiza kurrooa in Appendix II of the Convention.
JACOBSEN, H. (1981): Das Sukkulentenlexikon. 2. edition. - 645 pp., G. Fischer, Stuttgart.
JAIN, S.K. & DEFILLIPPS, R.A. (1991): Medicinal plants of India 1 & 2. - 849 pp., Reference Publications, Algonac
(Medicinal plants of the world 5).
JIA JIANSHENG, CITES Management Authority, China (29.4.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
KASPAREK, M., MULLIKEN, T. & SCHIPPMANN, U. (1997): Significant trade study. Trade in medicinal plants. Prepared for
the 8th meeting of the CITES Plants Committee, Pucon, Chile. - 8 pp., Unpublished report, Bonn.
KREUTZ, C.A.J. (1998): Die Orchideen der Türkei. - 766 pp., Landgraaf, Raalte.
LANGE, D. (1998): Training unit for CITES listed plant species used for medicinal purposes. Version 1.1-En. 15.1.1998. -
100 pp., Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn.
LIST, P.H. & HÖRHAMMER, L., Eds. (1967-1977): HAGERs Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis 1-7. 4. edition. -
Springer, Berlin.
LOU ZHI-CEN, ZHAO DAWEN & SHEN YUAN (1991-1997): Arzneibuch der chinesischen Medizin. Monographien des
Arzneibuches der Volksrepublik China 1990 und 1995. Loseblattsammlung. Grundwerk 2. Auflage 1991. 6.
Ergänzungslieferung 1997. Übersetzt von E. Stoeger. - s.pag., Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, Stuttgart.
MARSHALL, N., TRAFFIC East/ Southern Africa (20.4.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
NÉMETH ZÁMBORI, E. (16.4.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
OERTLE, C.F., Ed. (1987): Index periodicarum orchidacearum 1975-1985. - v+615 pp., European Orchid Committee,
Teufen.
ÖZHATAY, N., KOYUNCU, M., ATAY, S. & BYFIELD, A.J. (1997): The wild medicinal plant trade in Turkey. - 111 pp.,
Unpublished report for Dogal Hayati Koruma Dernegi & Fauna and Flora International.
PEI SHENGJI, LI YANHUI & YIN SHUZE (1996): Ethnobotanical investigations of plant drugs at local markets in north-west
Yunnan of China. In: PEI SHENGJI, SU YONG-GE, LON CHUNIN, MARR, K. & POSEY, D. (Eds.): Proceedings of the 2nd
International Congress of Ethnobiology. Challenges of ethnobiology in the 21st century - pp. 150-168, Yunnan
Science and Technology Press.
PODHAJSKA, Z. (21.10.1998): in litt. to D. LANGE.
REYNOLDS, G.W. (1982): The Aloes of South Africa. 4th edition. - xviii+538 pp., A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam.
ROBERTS, J.A., ALLMAN, L.R., BEALE, C.R., BUTTER, R.W., CROOK , K.R. & MCGOUGH, H.N ., Eds. (1995): CITES orchid
checklist 1. For the genera Cattleya, Cypripedium, Laelia, Paphiopedilum, Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione
and Sophronitis including accounts of Constantia, Paraphalaenopsis and Sophronitella. - 136 pp., Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
ROBERTS, J.A., ALLMAN, L.R., BEALE, C.R., BUTTER, R.W., CROOK , K.R. & MCGOUGH, H.N ., Eds. (1997): CITES orchid
checklist 2. For the genera Cymbidium, Dendrobium (selected sections only), Disa, Dracula and Encyclia. - 300 pp.,
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
ROBBINS, C.S., TRAFFIC North America (7.5.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
8 Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0
SCHIPPMANN, U. (1997): 10. CITES-Vertragsstaaten-Konferenz. Fachliche Bewertung der Anhangsänderungsvorschläge.
Pflanzen. - 31 pp., Unpublished report, Bonn.
SCHIPPMANN, U. (1999): Medicinal plants significant trade study (CITES project S-109). - 88 pp., Bundesamt für
Naturschutz. Unpublished report, Bonn.
SMALL, E., CATLING, P.M. & HABER, E. (1994): Poorly known economic plants of Canada. 4. Ginseng, Panax quinquefolius
L. - CBA/ABC Bulletin 27(4): 70-72.
STEINMETZ, E.F. (1957): Codex vegetabilis. - 136 pp., 7 Annexes, Published by the author, Amsterdam.
STEVENSON, D.W., R. OSBORNE & K.D. HILL (1995): The world list of cycads. In: VOSTER, P. (Ed.): Proceedings of the
Third International Conference of Cycad Biology - pp. 55-64, Cycad Society of South Africa, Stellenbosch.
TANDON, V., FRLHT (23.5.1998): in litt. to the German CITES Scientific Authority.
TRAFFIC EAST ASIA (1999): Medicinal plants significant trade study (phase 2). Second interim report submitted to the
Bundes-amt für Naturschutz. Draft. - 16 pp., Unpublished report, s.loc.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1997): CITES Proposal. Inclusion of Hydrastis canadensis in Appendix II of the Convention.
VASO, A. (18.3.1998): in litt. to D. LANGE.
WICHTL, M., Ed. (1997): Teedrogen, 3rd edition. - 668 pp., Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart.
YEN, KUN-YING (1992): The illustrated Chinese Materia Medica. - 383 pp., SMC Publishing, The World Bank, Taipei.
ZHONG WENJUN (10.1997): in litt. to D. LANGE.
Lange & Schippmann, 1999, CITES Checklist Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Version 3.0 9
3. List of species (arranged alphabetically by genus)
Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter & McCann App II / Ann B / #7
Aceras anthropophorum (L.) W.T.Aiton App II / Ann B / #7
T Flor del Hombre Ahorcado (spa), Salep (pha)
Acrolophia cochlearis (Bolus) Schltr. App II / Ann B / #1
Adonis vernalis L. Ann D / §3
S Adonis appennina L., Adonis davurica Rchb., Adonis helleborus Crantz, Adonis ircutiana Fisch., Adonis parviflora Janka
T Adonidis herba (pha), Adonis (fre), Adonis-vernalis-Kraut (ger), Adoniskraut (ger), Böhmisches Christwurzkraut (ger),
Frühlings-Adonisröschenkraut (ger), Herb d'Adonide (fre), Herb of Lynchis (eng), Herb of Spring Adonis (eng), Herba
Adonidis (pha), Herba Adonidis vernalis (pha), Hlavacek jarni (cze), Nat hlavacku jarniho (cze), Ojo de Perdiz (spa),
Yerba de Adonis (spa)
Aerangis mystacidii (Rchb.f.) Schltr. App II / Ann B / #7
Aloe arborescens Mill. App II / Ann B / #1
S Aloe arborea Medik., Aloe fructicosa Lam., Aloe perfoliata Thunb. var. arborescens Aiton, Catevala arborescens Medik.
T Aloe drevovidne (rus), Aloe-arborescens-Blätter (ger), Baumartige Aloe (ger), Candelabra Aloe (eng), Candelabra Plant
(eng), Kidachiaroe (jap), Kidachirokai (jap), Octopus Plant (eng), Stoletnik (rus), Torch Plant (eng)
Aloe aristata Haw. App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe asperifolia A.Berger App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe chabaudii Schönl. App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe cooperi Baker App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe ferox Mill. App II / Ann B / #1
S Aloe horrida Haw., Aloe socotorina Masson, Aloe perfoliata Thunb., Aloe pseudoferox Salm-Dyck, Pachidendron ferox
Haw.
T Afrikanische Aloe (ger), Aloe (spa), Aloe (jap), Aloe capensis (pha), Aloë del Capo (ita), Aloe lucida (pha), Aloe(s) (eng),
Aloès du Cap (fre), Berg-Aloe (ger), Bitter-Aloe (ger), Cape Aloe(s) (eng), Kap-Aloe (ger), Lu hui (chi), Lucid aloe (eng),
Luhui (chi), Nohwa (kor), Rokai (jap), Tou ming lu hui (chi)
Aloe hereroensis Engl. App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe linearifolia A.Berger App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe marlothii A.Berger App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe micracantha Haw. App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe perryi Baker App II / Ann B / #1
T Aloe Sokotrina (ger), Aloe socotrino (ita), Aloès Socotrin (fre), Kumari (san), Sabir suqutri (ara), Sobr (ara), Socotrine
Aloes (eng), Sokatra-Aloe (ger)
Aloe secundiflora Engl. App II / Ann B / #1
Aloe turkanensis Christian App II / Ann B / #1
Amitostigma gracile (Blume) Schltr. App II / Ann B / #1
Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. App II / Ann B / #7
T Salep (pha)
Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata App II / Ann B / #1
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. App II / Ann B / #1
Ansellia africana Lindl. App II / Ann B / #7
Ansellia gigantea Rchb.f. App II / Ann B / #7