Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

86 Pages·2003·1.209 MB·English

by  Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris

Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of
South and Central America

Organized by

Roberto E. Reis

Sven O. Kullander

Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.

EDIPUCRS

Porto Alegre, 2003
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

Chanceler
Dom Dadeus Grings

Reitor
Norberto Francisco Rauch

Vice-Reitor
Joaquim Clotet

Pró Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação
Urbano Zilles

Diretor do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Jeter Jorge Bertoletti

Conselho Editorial Edipucrs
Antoninho Muza Naime Jayme Paviani Telmo Berthold
Antonio Mario Pascual Bianchi Luiz Antônio de Assis Brasil Urbano Zilles (presidente)
Délcia Enricone Regina Zilberman Vera Lúcia Strube de Lima

Copyright © 2003 Edipucrs
Todos os direitos reservados
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
Av. Ipiranga, 6681, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
Impressão: Gráfica Epecê, com filmes fornecidos

C514 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America / Orga

nized by Roberto E. Reis, Sven O. Kullander, Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. –
Porto Alegre : EDIPUCRS, 2003.
742 p.

ISBN 85-7430-361-5

1. Ictiologia. 2. Peixes de Água Doce – Taxonomia. 3. Peixes de Água

Doce – América Central – Catálogos. 4. Peixes de Água Doce – América

do Sul – Catálogos. I. Reis, Roberto E. II. Kullander, Sven O. III Ferraris

Jr., Carl J.

CDD 597.09298

Cataloging data prepared by the Sector of Technical Processing of the Central Library
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul
ii
Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

Foreword

The present Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of trade, conservation status and trade, legislation and
South and Central America (CLOFFSCA) is a product regulations. Without valid identification and classifica-
of exciting scientific detective work and an outstand- tion, knowledge on individual species is of limited
ing example of voluntary international collaboration. usefulness beyond the immediate purpose and certainly
Why attach superlatives to a ‘simple’ annotated check does not allow any cost-effective inferences on related,
list of fish names? Several reasons explain this apprec- yet little researched, species or other expanded use.
iation. They relate to the what it is, who did it and
Though not without its own problems, the willing-
how.
ness of CLOFFSCA authors to include at least some of
First and foremost, it has taken a sheer incredible the more accessible local or vernacular names is
amount of detailed scrutiny of old and not so old commendable. Local names, though often not unam-
source material, not readily accessible to a large pub- biguous and unique like scientific names, are the ma-
lic, to reconstruct the sources of names, descriptions jor access route to information for the majority of
and occurrence of almost 4,500 species of Neotropical people. This is borne out by an analysis of FishBase
freshwater fishes. In the process, tentative evidence on use, ostensibly the most utilised public information
a large number of undescribed species was uncovered system on fishes, which shows that about 40% of all
and provides direction for where future work is much search entries are via the local name. In addition, the
needed for completeness. Perhaps as many as 1,550 inclusion of local names in scientific classifications
species are thus estimated to await scientific descrip- can build bridges between local ecological and ethno-
tion. The result is the core information on identity and graphic knowledge and scientific knowledge.
classification, which links so much of the other types
CLOFFSCA enables countries to step up their
of knowledge on Neotropical fishes, their ecosystems
compliance with the Convention on Biological Diver-
and the various types of use into a coherent whole.
sity (CBD). CBD demands documentation and conser-
CLOFFSCA provides the platform from which vation of global biodiversity – the very foundation of
work can proceed in two complementary directions: (i) the smaller number of species directly used by hu-
more detailed national lists or other functional sub-sets mankind. 187 countries were already parties to CBD
of this almost continental core information, e.g. by in early 2003, making it one of the most widely rati-
river catchment; and (ii) expanding the arrangement of fied or accepted international treaties ever. Yet the
other types of knowledge associated with the valid institutionalization of mechanisms at national and
identity of a species, e.g. geographical range, use as a local level which would ensure systematic practice of
food species (and associated processing characteristics) the principles and commitments enshrined in CBD is
or suitability for aquaculture, value in the aquarium
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

still a long way off. The present publication is a step in Among the human factors were the sense of initia-
this direction. tive with a clear understanding of the objective, the
mutual respect between the collaborators cemented
Secondly, getting 64 authors from Southern Amer-
and further developed through direct interaction at two
ica, North America and Europe with different cultural
workshops and the leadership of the editors to keep the
backgrounds under one roof is a fine piece of interna-
undertaking on course throughout.
tional scientific cooperation, all the more remarkable
as it was not supported by big funding or even a for- Key among the material conditions was the availa-
mal project. It was initiated by a vision of Rainer bility of two core electronic databases relevant to the
Froese, the FishBase team leader and the trustful rela- undertaking, namely Bill Eschmeyer’s Catalog of
tionship between the editors, Sven Kullander, Roberto Fishes with names of all genera and species of recent
E. Reis, and Carl J. Ferraris, Jr. and the numerous fishes and FishBase, the electronic encyclopedia on
authors and supporters and the sense of purpose and the world’s fishes, which had been launched and de-
achievement developed in this voluntary collaboration. veloped by Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly into a
It was sustained by all partners making available their global collaboration around a public knowledge good.
knowledge and institutional resources, driven by intel- Backed up by the highly dedicated FishBase team in
lectual curiosity and a desire to render research useful the Philippines, CLOFFSCA work could start with a
for society and using limited available funds judicious- pre-structured information base provided by these two
ly. sources and then bring in the CLOFFSCA collabora-
tors’ knowledge about Neotropical fishes for a com-
The European Commission has supported interna-
plete review of accessible knowledge of this large
tional scientific cooperation (INCO) based on mutual
group of freshwater fishes. Thanks to information
respect and partnership since 1983. This experience
technology, under conditions of mutual trust, a ‘labor-
serves in good stead with the ambitious process to
atory without walls’ developed and produced the
create a European Research Area open to the world, in
check list.
which the best scientific competence of Europe and its
partners in different parts of the world is harnessed to The European Commission has supported the
improve our common understanding of the Earth’s FishBase collaboration from the very beginning and
ecosystems and help to make the transition towards has been very pleased with its extremely fruitful inte-
rebuilding and sustainable use of their natural wealth. raction with the California Academy of Sciences’ Cat-
Every good cooperation experience, like the one alog of Fishes and more recently CLOFFSCA. In addi-
bringing about CLOFFSCA, is a valuable building tion to this printed version of CLOFFSCA, the materi-
block in this much larger endeavor. The achievement al can be accessed globally through FishBase, thus
should serve as inspiration to others of what voluntary adding significant value to the work accomplished. I
collaboration can do. trust that the check list provides a very useful baseline
for systematic knowledge of Neotropical fishes and
Finally, how did the group of dedicated individu-
thus enables improved compilation of other biological
als and their institutions make it happen – and in a
and ecological knowledge around it, but also consti-
relatively short period of time at that? As is usually the
tutes a great stimulus to explore the knowledge gaps it
case, several factors combined favorably.
is making apparent.

Cornelia E. Nauen
European Commission, DG Research

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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

Contents

Foreword iii Anguilliformes
Contents v Anguillidae 33
List of Contributors viii By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Introduction 1 Ophichthyidae 35
Methods 4 By S. O. Kullander
Acknowledgments 9 Clupeiformes
References 10 Clupeidae 36
Check List By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Engraulidae 39
Petromyzontiformes
By S. O. Kullander & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Geotriidae 11
Pristigasteridae 43
By S.O. Kullander & B. Fernholm
By M. C. C. de Pinna & F. di Dario
Carchariniformes
Characiformes
Carcharinidae 13
Parodontidae 46
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran
By C. S. Pavanelli
Pristiformes
Curimatidae 51
Pristidae 17
By R. P. Vari
By M. R. de Carvalho & J. D. McEachran
Prochilodontidae 65
Myliobatiformes
By R. M. C. Castro & R. P. Vari
Potamotrygonidae 22
Anostomidae 71
By M. R. de Carvalho N. R. Lovejoy & R. S.
By J. C. Garavello & H. A. Britski
Rosa
Chilodontidae 85
Lepisosteiformes
By R. P. Vari & S. J. Raredon
Lepisosteidae 29
Crenuchidae 87
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By P. A. Buckup
Osteoglossiformes
Hemiodontidae 96
Osteoglossidae 30
By F. Langeani
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Gasteropelecidae 101
Arapaimidae 31
By S. H. Weitzman & L. Palmer
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Characidae
Elopiformes
Species Incertae Sedis 104
Megalopidae 32
Genera Incertae Sedis 106
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

By F. C. T. Lima, L. R. Malabarba, P. A. Buckup, Loricariidae 318
J. F. Pezzi da Silva, R. P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Be- Lithogeneinae 318
nine, O. T. Oyakawa, C. S. Pavanelli, N. A. Me- Neoplecostominae 319
nezes, C. A. S. Lucena, M. C. S. L. Malabarba, Z.
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
M. S. Lucena, R. E. Reis, F. Langeani, L. Cassati,
Hypoptopomatinae 321
V. A. Bertaco, C. Moreira & P. H. F. Lucinda
By S. A. Schaefer
Agoniatinae 170
Loricariinae 330
By F. C. T. Lima & A. Zanata
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Clupeacharacinae 171
Hypostominae 351
By F. C. T. Lima
By C. Weber
Iguanodectinae 172
Ancistrinae 373
By C. Moreira
By S. Fisch-Muller
Bryconinae 174
Pseudopimelodidae 401
By F. C. T. Lima
By O. A. Shibatta
Serrasalminae 182
Heptapteridae 406
By M. Jégu
By F. A. Bockmann & G. M. Guazzelli
Aphyocharacinae 197
Pimelodidae 432
By R. S. Lima
By J. G. Lundberg & M. W. Littmann
Characinae 200
Ariidae 447
By C. A. S. Lucena & N. A. Menezes
By A. P. Marceniuk & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Stethaprioninae 209
Doradidae 456
By R. E. Reis
By M. H. Sabaj & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Tetragonopterinae 212
Auchenipteridae 470
By R. E. Reis
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Rhoadsiinae 213
Gymnotiformes
By A. R. Cardoso
Gymnotidae 483
Cheirodontinae 215
By R. Campos-da-Paz
By L. R. Malabarba
Sternopygidae 487
Glandulocaudinae 222
By J. S. Albert
By S. H. Weitzman
Rhamphichthyidae 492
Acestrorhynchidae 231
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By N. A. Menezes
Hypopomidae 494
Cynodontidae 234
By J. S. Albert
By M. Toledo-Piza
Apteronotidae 497
Erythrinidae 238
By J. S. Albert
By O. T. Oyakawa
Osmeriiformes
Lebiasinidae 241
Galaxiidae 503
By M. Weitzman & S. H. Weitzman
By T. M. Berra
Ctenoluciidae 252
Ophidiformes
By R. P. Vari
Bythitidae 507
Siluriformes
By J. G. Nielsen
Incertae Sedis 254
Batrachoidiformes
Diplomystidae 255
Batrachoididae 509
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By B. B. Collette
Cetopsidae 257
Gobiesociformes
By R. P. Vari & C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
Gobiesocidae 511
Aspredinidae 261
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By J. P. Friel
Atheriniformes
Nematogenyidae 268
Atherinidae 513
By M. C. C. de Pinna
By B. S. Dyer
Trichomycteridae 270
Atherinopsidae 515
By M. C. C. de Pinna & W. Wosiacki
By B. S. Dyer
Callichthyidae 291
Cyprinodontiformes
By R. E. Reis
Rivulidae 526
Scoloplacidae 310
By W. J. E. M. Costa
By S. A. Schaefer
Cyprinodontidae 549
Astroblepidae 312
By W. J. E. M. Costa
By S. A. Schaefer
Poeciliidae 555
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

By P. H. F. Lucinda By L. Casatti
Anablepidae 582 Polycentridae 603
By M. J. Ghedotti By R. Britz & S. O. Kullander
Beloniformes Cichlidae 605
Belonidae 586 By S. O. Kullander
By N. R. Lovejoy & B. B. Collette Mugilidae 655
Hemirhamphidae 589 By C. J. Ferraris, Jr.
By B. B. Collette Gobiidae 657
Syngnathiformes By S. O. Kullander
Syngnathidae 591 Pleuronectiformes
By C. J. Ferraris, Jr. Achiridae 666
Synbranchiformes By R. T. C. Ramos
Synbranchidae 594 Tetraodontiformes
By S. O. Kullander Tetraodontidae 670
Perciformes By S. O. Kullander
Percichthyidae 596 Lepidosireniformes
By G. Arratia Lepidosirenidae 671
Perciliidae 598 By G. Arratia
By G. Arratia Index of Scientific Names 673
Sciaenidae 599
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

List of Contributors

James S. Albert P.O. Box 1429 Museu Nacional
Florida Museum of Natural History 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS Quinta da Boa Vista
University of Florida Brazil 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Gainesville FL 32611-7800 [email protected] Brazil
USA [email protected]
Flávio A. Bockmann
[email protected]
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) Ricardo Campos-da-Paz
Gloria Arratia Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- Departamento de Vertebrados
Museum für Naturkunde USP Museu Nacional
der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Quinta da Boa Vista
Institut für Systematische Zoologie 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Invalidenstr. 43 Brazil Brazil
D-10099 Berlin [email protected] [email protected]
Germany
Heraldo A. Bristki Alexandre R. Cardoso
[email protected]
Museu de Zoologia Laboratory of Ichthyology
Ricardo Benine Universidade de São Paulo Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) P.O. Box 42594 PUCRS
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- 04299-970 São Paulo, SP P.O. Box 1429
USP Brazil 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 [email protected] Brazil
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP [email protected]
Ralf Britz
Brazil
Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Zoologie Marcelo R. de Carvalho
[email protected]
Universität Tübingen Department of Ichthyology
Tim M. Berra Auf der Morgenstelle 28 American Museum of Natural History
Department of Evolution, Ecology & D-72076 Tübingen Central Park West at 79th Street
Organismal Biology Germany New York, NY 10024-5192
The Ohio State University Present address: USA
Mansfield, Ohio 44906 Division of Fishes [email protected]
USA National Museum of Natural History
Lilian Cassati
[email protected] Washington D.C. 20560
Laboratório de Ictiologia
USA
Vinicius A. Bertaco Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
[email protected]
Laboratory of Ichthyology IBILCE-UNESP
Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia Paulo A. Buckup Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
PUCRS Departamento de Vertebrados 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
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Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America

Brazil Sonia Fisch-Muller Sweden
[email protected] Department d’Herpetologie et [email protected]
d’Ichtyologie
Ricardo M. C. Castro Francisco Langeani Neto
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle
Laboratório de Ictiologia (LIRP) Laboratório de Ictiologia
P.O. Box 434
Departamento de Biologia FFCLRP- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica
CH-1211 Genève
USP IBILCE-UNESP
Switzerland
Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265
[email protected]
14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP
Brazil John P. Friel Brazil
[email protected] Museum of Vertebrates [email protected]
Cornell University
Bruce Collette Flávio C. T. Lima
E151 Corson Hall
National Marine Fisheries Service Museu de Zoologia
Ithaca, NY 14853-2701
Systematics Laboratory MRC 153 Universidade de São Paulo
USA
National Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 42594
[email protected]
Washington DC, 20560-0153 04299-970 São Paulo, SP
USA Júlio C. Garavello Brazil
[email protected] Departamento de Ciências Biológicas [email protected]
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
Wilson J. E. M. Costa Rosana S. Lima
Via Washington Luiz, km 235
Laboratório de Ictiologia Geral e Apli- Museu de Zoologia
P.O. Box 676
cada Universidade de São Paulo
13565-905 São Carlos, SP
Departamento de Zoologia – UFRJ P.O. Box 42594
Brazil
P.O. Box 68049 04299-970 São Paulo, SP
[email protected]
21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
Brazil Michael J. Ghedotti [email protected]
[email protected] Regis University
Michael W. Littmann
Department of Biology
William G. R. Crampton The Academy of Natural Sciences
3333 Regis Boulevard
Projecto Mamirauá Department of Ichthyology
Denver, CO 80221-1099
Caixa Postal 38 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
USA
Tefé, AM Philadelphia, PA 19103
[email protected]
Brazil USA
[email protected] Gizelani M. Guazelli [email protected]
Museu de Zoologia
Fabio di Dario Nathan R. Lovejoy
Universidade de São Paulo
Museu de Zoologia Department of Ichthyology and Herpe-
P.O. Box 42594
Universidade de São Paulo tology
04299-970 São Paulo, SP
P.O. Box 42594 Royal Ontario Museum
Brazil
04299-970 São Paulo, SP 100 Queen's Park
[email protected]
Brazil Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6
[email protected] Antony S. Harold Canada
Grice Marine Biological Laboratory [email protected]
Brian Dyer
Department of Biology
Escuela de Pesquerías y Cultivos Carlos A. S. Lucena
College of Charleston
Universidad del Mar Laboratory of Ichthyology
205 Fort Johnson
Carmen # 446, Cº Los Placeres Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
Charleston, SC 29412
Valparaíso, PUCRS
USA
Chile P.O. Box 1429
[email protected]
[email protected] 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
Michel Jégu Brazil
Bo Fernholm
Antenne Ird, UR 131 [email protected]
Swedish Museum of Natural History
Laboratoire d'Ichtyologie, M.N.H.N.
P.O. Box 50007 SE-104 05 Zilda Margarete S. Lucena
43 rue Cuvier
Stockholm Laboratory of Ichthyology
75231 Paris Cedex 05
Sweden Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia
France
[email protected] PUCRS
[email protected]
P.O. Box 1429
Carl J. Ferraris, Jr.
Sven O. Kullander 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS
2944 NE Couch St.
Department of Vertebrate Zoology Brazil
Portland, OR 97232
Swedish Museum of Natural History [email protected]
USA
P.O. Box 50007
[email protected] Paulo H. F. Lucinda
SE-104 05 Stockholm
Laboratório de Ictiologia
ix