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INTRODUCTION
Vol. 1 of the Gasaka Samhita was released in November 1981 at the inaue
fural sesion of the work! Sanskrit Conférence held at Varanasi Tt is aher about
year that vol. IL is coming out. During this period we were watching the sesponte of
fcholars and readers towatds the sudden appearance of this new edition of the
araka Sauphitl. We are glad that it has been very henttening. and encouraging
\Witich prompted us to plan for further volumes ofthe great work. It fs now contene
Plated, to prepare ertical notes on the Samhita incorporating the views, of main
commentators and discussing them threadbare so as to bring out defivite conckaione
on varoas topics, As this would entail great deal of space and would. practically
‘bean independent work, a separate vo. ITT has been planned for this whieh i expo.
ted to follow soon,
Inportance of the latter half of the Garaka Sophia
Vol. 1 contains the last three soctions ( Cikitssthina, Kalpasthina and
Siddhisthina ) ofthe Samphita. Caraka Samhita is predominantly text on therae
eutics and the author has excelled in desribing the management of scases spate
‘matically. That is why Caraka is regarded as the best one inthe field of therapeu.
ticaeeg FafeRat. Ti pertinent too because Caraka represents the school of
medicine and his work isthe embodiment of doctrines and traditions of therapest
ofthis school. From this point of view, this volume is very important.
‘The Cikitsistina ( section on therapeutics ) contains thirty chapters out of
which the major portion (seventeen chapters) is ascribed to the authorship of Degh
bala. The othe. two sections (Kalpashina and. Siddhisthina ) are. entirely score
Aited to Drbabala. Thus historically too this portion is important.
‘The Cikiuauthina begins with the chapters on Rasiyana and Vajikarapa
which indicates the prioity of prevention and promotion over treatment of dsoniens
‘Tre other peculiarity of these two chapicrs i» that. itis reminiscent of the anions
SF oe iiding a chapter into four quarters (pads) ass seeninPagintsaptachyayt
fant Pataajalvs mahabhagya.’ Iti surprising that this style is acen in ho othe
2nd Ta.
(iw)
chapter of the SamphitS except that the matter of the Sotrasthina i divided into
“Catugkae (quadruples ).
Dirghanjivitiya viseavis Apurcedasamutthaniya
“The extant Caraka Samphita begins with the chapter on longevity (dirghat
jiviuya ) and the Cikitsithiina begins with the chapter on rasiyana which provides
longevity. Thus both these chapters relate to, more or less, the same topic. Secondly,
‘the reporting of the deputation of sages to Lord Indra is seen in both the chapters
‘though with slight variation. In the latter chapter Indra himself narrates the
‘order ofthe advent of Ayurveda from Brahma onvards while in the former one the
‘author ( redactor ? ) of the text gives it as introduction to the text. Moreover, in
the former chapter Bharadwaj i sent t0 Indra as representative of the sages while
fhe latier one there i no mention of Bharadwaja and. the sages themseles went
tolndra in a group, ‘The other material difference is that in Strasthana the sages
have been shown as assembled) because of the allictions of the people to search
remedies for the same but in Cikitedsthiina the sages haviog been unable to serve
the people becausc of deterioration of thee own healt happroached lord Indra who
preached sermons of Ayurveda to them and. also advised them to use the celestial
Tasiyaua drugs grow in Himalayas The narration of the Cikitssthana seems to
bbe more logical in view of the title of the chapter (1.4) while. that of the Satrax
sthna seems to be appended later on (most probably onthe basis of the Susruta
Sambitz ) because Bharadwaja looks as a superuous figure who has nowhere been
rmentioned again in the text, According to statement given in the Cikitsshins,
‘Atri himself was one of the members ofthe delegation and itis but natural that he
taught his son Punarvasu Atteya, the science of Ayurveda. As the eight branches of
Kyurveda were described not in the beginning of the text but at the end of the first
section ( Satrasthdna }, the initial tradition of Ayurveda was traced in the last
Guarter of the fist chapter of the Ciktsisthana and not in the beginning of the
text.
‘According to Vagthaja (A.8.Su, 1.7) Punarvam Atreya himself approa-
hed Tndra and taught Ayurveda to his son and other disciples. But, in my opinion,
the statement recorded in the chapter of Rastyana ( Ci. 1,4) looks genuine andl
rational and is alo supported by Kayapa’. ‘The statement of Vagbhata may also
bo read as under :—
wma eararssady Ag warefiafinaer |
seieovegd: Serreterneges 8 stor Aton weg: (KE, VE 1. 10)
ia SRC ei aI is ta
Cw
4 ished A muemed ens gaew afe |
Aefetenfeetet game ene ARTI (AHL Su 15-4)
Portion redacted by Dyghabala
Tn Cikitastbana, fem te third cbapicr onwards, therapeutic management
of diseases starting from fwara (fever ) and ending with disorders of reprotuctive
Sjetem ie givens ‘The description is in a vety systematic manner consisting of defi
dln, synonym, types, ely, pathogens, prodromal symptoms, symplams, progno-
rine of estment, droge and di formulae, ditt regiien and cone
Treat remarks, ‘The ene subject mater i dealt with in thirty chapters, out of
these chapters which seventeen ope ae ascribed. to Dyabala is a matter of contro
‘iasy. The Bengal tradition follows the Cakrapin's view! while the Bombay traisen
opis a dierent course, What hérbee the hass of Gakrapyts atsment i also
“Innate of eutiny but because its conirmed by the quotations in Navantiaka
Gna fellas statement? the above chapters tay be taken as redacted by Caraka
nd the remaining outs by Dyhabala, However, one thing remain, to be solved
that in Nelanatiana (Ch 6) the tile of the chapic i based. on ‘Sopa while in
Cikttatitna (Ch, 8) the ttle is changed ac ‘Rajayakyima-Cibitsit’, "This the
single instance ou of the eight diseases disribed in Nidanasthana. where change bas
been made, Ist casual or does indicate change of vedactrship ? ‘Though nobody
has pointe out this hast be consider
‘Kalpasthana contaoa pharmaceutical preparations of emetic and. purgative
drugs, In the introductory chapter there is general information about collection and
Storage of drags sind. mcthed of administration. Tn the cnchuding chapter again
tome gencalinforaatons are given ending, with units of weight, Entire mater is
arranged in twelve chapters.
c Siddhsthina describes ihe management of five evacuative mesnues(Pafca
‘Karma ) in details ending wth a number of formulations for sustaining enema and
tantrayoltis, This Section is also completed in twelve chapters
“Teual variations ed readings
have dealt with this problem in vol. Tn this wolume too, such variations
may be dverved. Tako poated oot in. previos volume tome incorrect reaings in
fmayasagar edition and suggestion o improve them
7B wearer ea atarerawinean, artefact es AE:
(Ci 30, 289-290 )
ka Sampita( Jamaagar edition ) vol. ps 103-108,
Some suggestions for correct and. moce-appropriate readings ia. the portion
‘coming under vl. Hare already publisbed ia. detail ( Sachtra Ayurveda, March,
1982, pp. 623-627 }. However, some important ones are being, mentioned here
1, In preparation of Bhallataka taila (CB. 1.2.15 ), the onste of madbuka has
been said to be used in quantity of ane alga ( kargas 10 gm.) which looks negligh
bie for the quantity (2 kg, 560 gu, ) of Bhallataka tala. Hence the present reading
‘wetearamne thas been replaced by “eremeatii?
2 In treatment of guima (Gi 5. 76-77) there is no relevance of peys', Hence
the present reading ‘qararegét Gay ataqge@er at is incorroct and has been modified
as Sgeetger: Yar aqeaa ar
3. Ta ‘ell gurgl? the correct reading should be ‘erat guia? because here the.
‘we of devadira is intended and not that of Indravirunt ( sce Cakrapsni’s commen
tary). ‘ge? means devadiru while ‘gu? would mean Tadeavarun,
4. Tn “cpa arafrai Faewat,
Be Freee Read azea” (Ci. 6, 40)
the word ‘area’ has no meaning because all drugs are to be decoctd as such and
there is no any reference of kalka (paste ). Ta fact, it should read as ‘amewe=
‘valka? meaning Somavalkat whichis a useful drugs for diabetes and sltcaly pe
cexibed by Caraka ( Ci 6. 38 }
5. The word ‘fia? in @ formation under the treatment of Kuslia (cn. 7.
111) is not clear. It should be ‘Gan? ( sragaQQt ar sft ) Ela has also been usedd
by elsewhere in paste for kus{ha ( Ci. 7. 84)
6, ‘efeamré wegen’ (Ci. 7. 120) the word ‘qu is irrelevant because. there is
no latex in kampillaka and only dusty haits of the fruits of kampillaka are, wed
Hence ‘en should be replaced by ‘ct. ‘Thus the correct reading shoud be “eiageg
ree *
J. The reading “q@teaiesfesr: vega’ (Ci. 7. 123) bas created. great confusion
ven in minds of great commentators like Yogindra Nath Sen_ who interpreted‘.
‘Be as sik wine ) produced by fermenting cooked cereal, but ths is quite rele:
fenE ecu the present contest is of raw dre (pacts) and aot of preparations
‘orrectly the reading should be ‘gmat’ instead of ur” wi sneans ‘gegaqoy”
Cakcpiol as rity interpreted Steawss? Proust Meet
taken place duc to printing error,
jor oo SM ERHIRY (GE 7-140) should cead as “gabedaaie? because the context
is of weight of drugs,
( wi)
9. In utararoga ( Ci 13,48 ) the reading ‘agesnmage? should be revised as
‘sarong |
10. At one place ( Ci. 13, 88) the setting of a line is deranged with the result
that the meaning is quite upset. The preset reading i as follows +—
Giacdanfe Sarfvrangt: |
soft teen ad grease a7 1
gear eea cam chee fee |
This is incorrect. Tn fact the second line should be the last one and the
verse should read as—
qiatecdanft ‘@rcfiaaangt: |
area ep arn are fire
wet clea ae genera sem |
11. ‘gf edtanfisqiq? should be inserted after ‘aatangt ayferan’ ( Ci.13
119-123 )
12, fn ‘gospea eragrar: en@iigrrnea ar’ ( Ci. 14, 43 ) the reading ‘gemen? (mean-
{ng brick ) is quite irelevant because lcre the context is to foment the piles with
‘the bundle of certain vegetables. Hence the words ‘queen? has been replaced. by
‘frase which seems to be more relevant
13, Piechabasti in treatment of arba cnds with’ the verse Ci, 14, 228, There:
after there i one formulation of ‘anuvisana sneha? (Ci, 14.229). Hence the cour
cluding title ‘gf feremrafea:’ should come after the verse 228 and not 229.
‘14. There are so many mistakes at the end of the ehapter 14 of the Cikitsa-
bana t
1) Tn verse 249, eetomP twa? should read as ‘item = ara?
1b) Tn verse 252, Saute! should read as ‘eect
©) In verse 253, fe? should road as @fte and teat 25 apa?
) Tn verse 254, eaararanncag? should read as ‘rogram’
One can easily justify these corrections if he goes carefully through the
chapter and usage of words therein
15, Water naturally flows tothe lower se hence the reading “earfrearatae?
(Ci. 15. 5.) denotes quite contrary meaning, ‘The correct version should be ‘ewe
frvatiares?
1G. ‘The reading 'Wrareg’ ( Ci. 15.89) seems to be inappropriate because the
context is of fruits and egelable, The comectseading shoul Le'“Srara?
( si)
17, Tn clecs of Citeakidya gutika, the following verse is found —
afeer magaes ofemer et a
gat Reread Qemeng stem (Ci. 15.97)
Tividently, in the second Tine ‘eta’ a printing ervar which should read
comeclly a5 Fa
18, ‘aydartfe? (Ci 15, 205 )sboold read as ‘ade weSGw? bormuse the
word ‘a? here qualifies ‘az?
19, In colophon of the chapter on treatment of gram disorders ( Ci, 18 ) the
word ‘nifafefiae? should read as ‘aeeh@vaPafefiad” on the basis of the tile of
the chapter. Jamnagae edition has repeated the mistake but Gangadhara has rightly
corrected it
20. Ta ‘stfuar: café ara mafia? (Ci 17. 69) ‘ge ai? docs not convey
the relevant idea. It should sead appropritily as “get gufuaraa?
21, The concluding sitle ‘gfe wacfaenfigaa! should read. after the verse Ci,
17, 145 apd not 146 because the context changes therein,
22, In Ci. 18, 87 the reading Starr looks quite incorrect because the herb
Nile oF Nini (fvtgofea sp ) has no ‘sa’ (heartwood ). Cakrapfpis also misled
by this reading and {has interpreted it as. Gifadivearar®? which is again not clear.
Tn fact, the present reading “rita feeval? should. read as ‘Aieh areaftene.
‘Varanapippali ( Gajapippali } has also been sed in this context elsewhere ( Ci,
18.57).
23, In ‘Aamiwererdtataatedia’:' ci, 18.191, the word ‘Jvakz? is repeated
‘which is not proper and as such the latter one has been replaced by ‘Vda’
24, The word ‘ae ee& following ‘cuiningratonstreraarast? (Ci. 21.96)
should read as ‘efit? because it is quallying “amt?
25, The vere ‘evan en? (Ci, 2.11} is read separately and is Saterpreted
by Cakrapini as general Sampripti of all the five types of Trgut, Here Cakrapani
is wrong and the editor of the Niayasagar edition has been misled by him. After
clog serutiny, the verse appears to be connected with yatta trap and as such
should read alongwith the followings verse (Ci. 22. 12 ). Tt may be noted that the
general sapprpti of the discase has already been said after etiology ( Ci. 22, 5-6 ).
‘This is one of the instances of how Cakrapani himself has got confsed in intrepre-
ting the text and has been source of confusion for later authors,
