Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture

355 Pages·2013·14.241 MB·English

by  Richard Leach (auth.), Richard Leach (eds.)

Richard Leach Editor
Characterisation
of Areal Surface
Texture
Characterisation of Areal Surface Texture
Richard Leach
Editor
Characterisation of Areal
Surface Texture
123
Editor
Richard Leach
Engineering MeasurementDivision
National PhysicalLaboratory
Teddington
UK
ISBN 978-3-642-36457-0 ISBN 978-3-642-36458-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36458-7
SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013934384
(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013
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Preface
The function of a component part can be profoundly affected by its surface
topography. There are many examples in nature, of surfaces that have a well-
controlled topography to affect their function. Examples include the hydrophobic
effect of the lotus leaf, the reduction of fluid drag due to the riblet structure of
sharkskin,thedirectionaladhesionofthegeckofootandtheangularsensitivityof
the multi-faceted fly eye. Surface structuring is also being used extensively in
modern manufacturing industries. Many properties can be altered, for example
optical, tribological, biological and fluidic. Previously, single line (profile) mea-
surements were adequate to control manufacture of surfaces, but as the need to
control the functionality of surfaces increases, there is a growing need for three-
dimensional (areal) measurement and characterisation techniques. For this reason
there has been considerable research, development and standardisation of areal
techniques. This book will present the areal framework being adopted by the
international community. Whereas previous books have concentrated on the
measurement aspects, this book will concentrate on the characterisation tech-
niques, i.e. how to interpret the measurement data to give the appropriate (func-
tional) information for a given task. The first part of the book presents the
characterisation methods and the second part presents case studies that highlight
the use of areal methods in a broad range of subject areas—from automobile
manufacture to the surfaces of roads.
vii
Acknowledgments
FirstandforemostIwouldliketothankallthechapterauthorsfortheirhardwork
and dedication to this book. The following friends and colleagues have also
contributedtomyunderstandingofthesubject:Mr.Claudiu GiuscaandDr.Peter
Harris (NPL), Prof. Jane Jiang, Prof. Liam Blunt and Prof. Paul Scott (University
ofHuddersfield).Ialsowishtothankmybeautifulwifefor allowing me tospend
hours writing and days travelling in order to become an expert in such an inter-
national field—thanks Sharmin. Last, but not least, my parents, sisters, son and
stepson also need to be thanked for their unwavering support.
ix
Contents
1 Introduction to Surface Topography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Richard Leach
2 The Areal Field Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
François Blateyron
3 The Areal Feature Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
François Blateyron
4 Areal Filtering Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Jörg Seewig
5 Areal Form Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Alistair B. Forbes
6 Areal Fractal Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Christopher A. Brown
7 Choosing the Appropriate Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Franz Helmli, Kerstin Pötsch and Claudia Repitsch
8 Characterisation of Individual Areal Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Nicola Senin and Liam Blunt
9 Multi-Scale Signature of Surface Topography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
H. Zahouani and M. El Mansori
10 Correlation of Areal Surface Texture Parameters
to Solar Cell Efficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Erik Novak and Nelson Blewett
xi
xii Contents
11 Characterisation of Cylinder Liner Honing Textures
for Production Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Zlate Dimkovski, Cecilia Anderberg, Robert Ohlsson
and B.-G. Rosén
12 Characterisation of the Mechanical Bond Strength
for Copper on Glass Plating Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Baofeng He, Jon Petzing, Paul Webb, Paul Conway
and Richard Leach
13 Inspection of Laser Structured Cams and Conrods . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Franz Helmli and Stefan Lehmann
14 Road Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Alan Dunford
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Chapter 1
Introduction to Surface Topography
Richard Leach
Abstract This chapter introduces the field of surface topography measurement.
The basic concepts of surface topography measurement and characterisation are
discussed, including a short historical overview. The differences between surface
profile and areal surface characterisationare presentedalongwith the concepts of
software measurement standards. Finally, the current international standards
infrastructure and potential future direction for standards are highlighted.
1.1 Surface Topography Measurement
and Characterisation
Most manufactured parts rely on some form of control of their surface charac-
teristics. The surface is usually defined as the feature on a component or device
thatinteractswiththeenvironment inwhichthecomponent ishousedorinwhich
thedeviceoperates,orwithanothersurface.Thesurfacetopography,andofcourse
the material characteristics, of a part can affect how two bearing parts slide
together, how fluids interacts with the part, or how the part looks and feels. The
need to control, and hence, measure surface features becomes increasingly
important as we move into a miniaturised world (Leach et al. 2011). Surface
features can become the dominant functional features of a part and may become
large in comparison to the overall size of an object.
The list of terms and definitions in the field of surface texture is extensive.
Unless otherwise stated, this book will be consistent with ISO specification
standards(publishedanddraft,Sect.1.5)andtheNPLgoodpracticeguides(Leach
R.Leach(&)
EngineeringMeasurementDivision,NationalPhysicalLaboratory,HamptonRoad,
Teddington,Middlesex,TW110LW,UK
e-mail:[email protected]
R.Leach(ed.),CharacterisationofArealSurfaceTexture, 1
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-36458-7_1,(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013