Chapter XII - Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation

74 Pages·00.42 MB·English

Land And EPA 510-B-17-003
Emergency Management October 2017
5401R www.epa.gov/ust

How To Evaluate Alternative
Cleanup Technologies
For Underground
Storage Tank Sites

A Guide For Corrective
Action Plan Reviewers
Chapter XII

Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation
Contents

weivrevO ........................................................ 1
-IIX
sdnuopmo Cgnisaele RnegyxO ..................................... 2
-IIX
noitcejn Inegyx OeruP ........................................... 6
-IIX
noitartlifn Iedixore PnegordyH ..................................... 8
-IIX
noitcejn IenozO ................................................ 1
1-IIX
s
senevitceff Eygolonhce Tnoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE
hcaorp pgAnineercS ............................................ 3
1-IIX
n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ef ognineerc Slaitin I-1petS
ssenevitceffE ........................................ 5
1-IIX
ytiliba ilVlarevO ..................................... 5
1-IIX
n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ef onoitaulav Edeliate D-2petS
ssenevitceffE ........................................ 7
1-IIX
noitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ef ossenevitceff ElaitnetoP .... 7
1-IIX
ci
bor edAecnah ngEnitcef fsAcitsiretcara heCtiS
noitaidemeR ..................................... 0
2-IIX
de
cnah ngEnitcef fsAcitsiretcara htCneutitsnoC
noitaidemeroi BciboreA ............................. 1
3-IIX
ngise Dnoitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ef onoitaulav E-3petS ........... 1
4-IIX
sis anBgiseD ........................................ 3
4-IIX
sla opGunaelC ....................................... 3
4-IIX
noitcele Sygolonhce Tnoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE ....... 7
4-IIX
stnenopmo CngiseD ................................... 9
4-IIX
n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ef ostnenopmoC
smets yS ........................................ 3
5-IIX
na lgPnirotin odM nnaoitare peO h ftnooitaula v nEp4-AetS ............. 8
5-IIX
gnirotino Mssergor PlaidemeR ........................... 8
5-IIX
gnilpm anSoitaulavE .................................. 9
5-IIX
airet inroCitaulavE ................................... 3
6- IIX
secnerefeR ...................................................... 6
6-IIX
?eti Ssih Tt Ades Ue Bnoitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Ena C:tsilkcehC ........ 8
6-IIX
30 0e2nuJ XII-ii
List of Exhibits

rebmuN e ltiT ega P
1-IIX y
ramir Pnoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE
segatnavdas idD nsaegatnavdA ............................. 3
-IIX
2-IIX s
eigolonhce Tnoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE
xi retvaiMtarapmoC ..................................... 4
-IIX
3-IIX g
nis Unoitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn ElacipyT
sdnuopmo Cgnisaele RnegyxO ............................. 7
-IIX
4-IIX g
nis Unoitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn ElacipyT
noitcejn Inegyx OeruP ................................... 9
-IIX
5-IIX g
nis Unoitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn ElacipyT
edixore PnegordyH ..................................... 0
1-IIX
6-IIX f
ossenevitceff Elaitneto Pro fgnineerc SlaitinI
noitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE ......................... 4
1-IIX
7-IIX f
ossenevitceff Elaitneto Pro fgnineerc SdeliateD
noitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE ......................... 9
1-IIX
8-IIX de
cnah neEtaula v oEdTe ssUretemar ayPeK
ytilibacilpp Anoitaidemeroi BciboreA ....................... 0
2-IIX
9 -IIX yrtemoihciot Snoitadix Odnuopmo CcinagrO ................... 2
2-IIX
01-IIX la
iretc acBihportoret enHeewt epBihsnoitaleR
n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Eyleki Ldn AstnuoC
ssenevitceffE ......................................... 3
2-IIX
11-IIX em
usn otCa hsTesseco rnPoitadi xcOinagronI
retawdnuor Gn inegyx OdevlossiD ......................... 4
2-IIX
21-IIX c
ibore Adecnahn Edn Aytilibaemre PcisnirtnI
ssenevitceff EnoitaidemeroiB ............................. 7
2-IIX
31-IIX d
n Anor Idevlossi Dneewte BpihsnoitaleR
ssenevitceff Enoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE ............... 0
3-IIX
41-IIX f
Oytilibadargedoi Bevitale Rdn AnoitisopmoC
stcudo rmPuelorteP .................................... 2
3-IIX
5 1-IIX n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn Edn Anoitartnecno CtneutitsnoC
ssenevitceffE ........................................... 5
3-IIX
40 0y2aM XII-iii
List of Exhibits
)deunitnoc(
61-IIX no
ititr anPobr acCinag rdO nsAeul ayVtilibuloS
no
bracord ymHuelort etPcel erS osFtneiciffeoC
stneutitsnoC .......................................... 5
3-IIX
71-IIX de
cnah ngEniylp prA osfnoitaredisn oECBTM
noitaidemeroi bciboreA .................................. 9
3-IIX
81-IIX c
ibore Adecnahn Ef onoitaulav Essenevitceff EdeliateD
e
ti Sye K–EBT Mro fssenevitceff EnoitaidemeR
snoitaredisnoC ........................................ 1
4-IIX
91-IIX s
isa Bngise Dnoitaidemeroi Bcibore AdecnahnE
Factors .............................................. 3
4-IIX
02-IIX d
eveihc Ayllaitneto Psnoitartnecno Cp UnaelC
noitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn EyB ....................... 5
4-IIX
12-IIX mo
rnFoitcudo rnPegy xyOrtemoihcio tcSisaB
noitisopmoce DlacimehC ................................. 7
4-IIX
22-IIX r
o Fseicneiciff Eyrevile Dnegyx OevitaleR
n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn EsuoiraV
seigolonhceT .......................................... 9
4-IIX
32-IIX n
oitaidemeroi Bcibore Adecnahn EnommoC
stnemel EngiseD ....................................... 1
5-IIX
42-IIX c
ibore Adecnahn Ef ostnenopmo CrojaM
smetsy SnoitaidemeR ................................... 3
5-IIX
52-IIX sr
etemar agPnirotin oeMcnamrofr enPommoC
seicneuqer Fgnilpma SdnA ............................... 2
6-IIX
40 0y2aM XII-iv
Chapter XII

Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation

weivrevO
yllarut aentarelec codate se ursaeigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnahnE
le uefm ods n,asnobracord ymhuelort e fpnooitaidemero iubtis- nginirrucco
,)EBT Mr(eh tleytub-yraitr elty hstu eo smnhaec gusised tnyaibnegyxo
seig o.leocnahfc renutosib tueas hi ntdsiemmseirnoa igcbrioboorrc eidamecnahnE
gnitnevoi b;gnigrapsoi bedulcni 1 negy xeor u;psdnuopm ogcnisael enregy x foeo s;u
noitcej neino zdo n;anoitartlif neidixor enpegord y;hnoitcejni 2 . seigolonhc eetsehT
hci h,wecafrusb ues h otntegy x foyolpp ulsatnemelpp ugasnidivo r ypkbrow
cirtemoihcio te sh.Tairetc agbnidarged-nobracord y,hcibor eoeatlbalia vsaemoceb
sn 3ioMbOracord yr henpegy xfoooitar sniegy x.Osnobracord y fheol or1m ep
2
-nobracord yrh orfotc agfnitimil-htwo rygrami rep h et obytn a ymdberedisnoc
ne eebv atha hsten ondzietel pyeldlamr o sn titi u,bairetc agbnidarged
.snobracord yhht idwetanimat nfsooect a,rseigolonhc eetse hgtni syuB
d n,ae ntosa etdlaesaerc nen ibascnobracord ymhuelort efnpooitadargedoib
detalumits-n o,ngnirrucco-yllarut arne veoduting afsmored r,olarev essemitemos
rates.
s seorddtdea senu basceigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnahnE
, de .enrhtoot az o, rdbeeuenhttot aazssrt unn taieanhsitnmuatnoc ,gnitnevoiB rof
e h ntsitnanimatn oncobracord ymhuelort esptegr aytllacifice p,selpmaxe
reogni ryfrallip ae chnstitnanimatn oscserd dt aosne od dnsaen odzetarutasnu
.e ndoeztarutas seigolonh cneotitaidemer ociibbo rdeeacna h,n le tl toa,untbsoM
devloss ied rtaa hstetanegy xeom ods nsanobracord ymhuelort espserd dyaliramirp
.de en store azel n drtcri eeu aioehbtolwtrtratidraos onasnsupiorg ehT
sae reacru odsetanimatn oycliva eehdist udoeyolp myellacip yet rsaeigolonhcet
.sehcaorpp alaideme revissergg aero my bdesserdd ae byllaus ulli whcihw
e rsaeigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnah n,eyletairporp pdae snuehW
dnuorgred ngunika e tlnaoitanimatn omcuelort e fpsolev eglnicud e nreivitceffe
ftoegr aytle k e iarrlaet andwievloss isdtneutitsn oecnilos a.Gset iksn aetgarots
sei g.oslnoonihtca eintdoeimteariod iecbmiebroor iecdbaiebconra ehdaneecnahnE
,l eluefs e,i.dg .set(cud omrupelor ttehpgiew- dhi tmsiew tdti easnseu ttf soeorma
1 For more information on Biosparging and Bioventing, see How to Evaluate Alternative
Cleanup Technologies for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Corrective Action Plan
s reweive(URS EPA 510-R-04-002), Chapter III (“Bioventing”) and Chapter VIII
(“Biosparging”).
2 Other enhanced aerobic bioremediation technologies, including surfactant enhanced
,no icegndsir nee urani gsefeobtyslf miuo xubineyttndocadill cnseboseaimbpijdruhnebtiporcim
chapter because of their limited use and experimental status.
40 0y2aM XII-1
r i,a.g. es(eigolonhc erteh tgoni syuldip aerr odmev ome erbna cdn aylidaer
.)noitca r rt go xlnpreiiaoogvsraps ,tne sseetrrcapu droertp he,g srifeelihvtewoH
ecud eyrlevitcef foes lna asceigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnahne
.snoitartnec ntoncanimatnoc sl igonitacirb u slhac usstcud omrueplor treepivaeH
cibo rdeeacna h tn,uesbtcud orrepth g einhl atehdtarged oroietbg neo klyaltlareneg
ese hhtt idwetanimatn oscet i tseavitcef f eelbli tys asmeigolonhc entoitaidemeroib
products.
noitaidemero icbibor edaecnah nee s oultacitca rtp oynllaren e sgtiI
w onnlioitanimatn omcuelort ertpocudo replib oeme rsfserd dosateigolonhcet
sanioit a.i)dyea ml,ec.rgo .i cebli(ib ooysrt eidaleicbnaaeh mnereseupaceB
trnoer rsuscer ddodetadnemmo c te,tsorhiincaor pppuana ewl ocyllsevitaler
.sksi rlatnemnorivn er ohtlae hnamu hevissecx etnenimmi
fsoegatnavdas id dnsaegatn avldaaren eeg hsteziramm u1s-I ItXibihxE
.seigolo ndh ncga enntiotinteaviod ie fbmsoenrooi iscbsiubcosri eDdaecnahne
e r,aseigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnah nreeh to ow,tgnigrapsoib
n sdeniug o orwreplodogviuofHrinne tahd eaecnotnleUtarCTueeltalvAEdivorp
s e r: gkes na nweeornaetv io aTiii(AttUelvSSt cSdP ecAirReuorGfroEPCA 510­
, )d”nganigraps orIieI BtI,“pV)(a”hgCnitne vr oeI itI,Bp I)“a,4(h20C0002-40-R
.)”noitaideme rroeitBawdn uuotr iGrSe- tnXpIa“h(C
.wol edbedivo r spsieigolonhc eet h ftloarev e fsnooitpircs efdei rAb
Oxygen Releasing Compounds
gnisael enregy x noyol esrehcaorp pnaoitaidemero icbibor edaecnah nseuoiraV
.noitanimatn omcuelort eeptaidem eosrtd nnueogpy mxdooec syulnomm oecroM
e rtaa hstedixor empuiseng adm nmauicl aecdulc nsidnuopm ogcnisaeler
.ses ayhrpr udrli o slen onidsoeztaru t edaohesttcudortni esae lseerdixo reespehT
esreadixo r eershpeattawdnu odyrebgtar dny ehrhewfi u eqnohaettgyxo
ne esb aehdixor empuiseng a.Msedixord yehvitceps errie h otdtetrevn oycletamitlu
f oesuace bedixore pmuicla cnah tsnoitacilpp adlei fn ideilpp aylnommo cerom
feosael edregnolo r,pyltneuqesn o,cd nyatilibul orsew osl’edixor empuisengam
.negyxo ganir uedn odzetarut aes h ntdieca lspnoitalumr oefdixor empuisengaM
tn nace e sael evnrengyxoeo ortetawidn uroervgot ca e-ruofj otnmiret-trohs
deriuq eer readixor empuiseng a fmsoeititna utqnacifing i.Sdoir ehptn o-mthgie
tdsoninuop m etofhhcotg i e%efth0w oat9th c te adhyfntratemoihci odnteossab
muiseng a fmtohg i .eenw he ftg%oy 0xy1oletamixorp p oagtnitnuo mnaegyxO
evi t ecrha etrveofi u eqdohaettsae lese nirdoeztaru t eadnhseitc aeldpixorep
.doirep
40 0y2aM XII-2
1
-II XtibihxE
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation

s
egatnavda s disnDeagatna vydrAamirP

segatnavdA Disadvantages
Works with and enhances natural May have longer remedial time
# #
in-situ processes already at play frames than more aggressive
(typically uses natural approaches
groundwater gradient, naturally
occurring biodegradation) May not be able to reduce
#
contaminants to background or
Destroys the petroleum very low concentrations
#
contamination in place
Typically requires long-term
#
Produces no significant wastes monitoring of residual
#
(off-gases or fluid discharges) contamination in soil and
groundwater
Can be a low-energy approach
#
May require permits for
#
nutrient/oxygen injection
Is relatively inexpensive
#
May not be fully effective on all
Complements more aggressive #
#
petroleum hydrocarbons and
technologies (e.g., groundwater
product additives (e.g., MTBE)
extraction) and less aggressive
approaches (e.g., intrinsic
Often must be accompanied by
remediation) that can be #
other technologies (e.g., product
integrated into site remediation
recovery) to address source
areas
Causes minimal disturbance to
#
site operations
May significantly alter aquifer
#
geochemistry
Has simple operation and
#
monitoring requirements
Can be misapplied to remediation
#
at some sites if the conditions for
Is potentially more reliable than
# use are not fully understood
other, more active remedial
technologies (e.g., groundwater
Oxygen supplied by enhanced
extraction and treatment) #
aerobic bioremediation may be
lost to chemical reactions in the
Can be used in tandem with other
# subsurface which do not promote
remedial technologies that
hydrocarbon contaminant
address small amounts of
oxidation and degradation.
residual soil and groundwater
contamination
40 0y2aM XII-3
larev e fssoegatnavdas idd nsaegatnav deavital eer hsterapm o2c-I ItXibihxE
.e s nuyiltnerr usceigolonhc entoitaidemero icbibor edaecnah ntenereffid
2-II XtibihxE
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation Technologies Comparative
xirtaM
OxygenReleasingCompounds HydrogenPeroxideInfiltration Pure OxygenInjection OzoneInjection Biosparging Bioventing
segatnavdA
stneno plmaoccina hocNem
X
deriuqer
g nlia rmneigeninisiMegdne
X
stnemeriuqer
Relatively low capital and
X
sts ogcnitarepo
Abiotic oxidation of
gnit csattnnaoncimatnoc X X
stnegaer
setaidemeR noitanimatnoc ni
X X X X X X
sli odsetarutasnu
retawdnuo rsgetarut aysllacoL
ecn arhen hen teor gtuhyftxiow
X X X X
neg y dxnnooaitadargedoib
noitubirtsid
Can efficiently sustain
op tut(neib mdaaerpsediw
X
snoitartne cnne og) cyL8x/ogm
retawdnuo rngi
Can efficiently sustain
op tut(neib mdaaerpsediw
X
s nnoiitartne cnneo gc)y%x1o2~
sli odsetarutasnu
e fdaesredis nyolclareneG X X
e crreuwoosp/yticirtcelE
der i yutlqolenarreneg
X X
May 2004 XII-4
2-II XtibihxE
Enhanced Aerobic Bioremediation Technologies Comparative
Matrix (continued)
OxygenReleasingCompounds HydrogenPeroxideInfiltration Pure OxygenInjection OzoneInjection Biosparging Bioventing
Disadvantages
retawdn u eoncrongai lyevraeH
,n odinsa r,enposiitdcevda
diffusion to distribute oxygen X X X
can limit treatment coverage
noitai dgen modelnroarp
Increased risk of fugitive vapors
dsnearutcu rgtnsidl igunbiretne
utility conduits, particularly in
X X X
absence of vapor recovery
technology (e.g., soil vapor
extraction)
ta etrreotg r tasotenoD
X
en odzetarutas
On-site reactive chemical
X
deriuq eergaro td snganildnah
d nnaoitcudo rs paegtis-nO
delivery equipment (e.g., ozone X X
dy el)rlriaouctqiaeprryetneg
Relatively few petroleum
noitaidemer stcejorp detelpmoc X X X
ygolonh cse itghntisu
yaM eriuqer noitcejnier stimrep X X X X
Radius of influence limited if
X
”skco sg“nisu
Zone of influence may be
detimil htiw sdnuopmoc taht X
.ll e nawdiedneps uesra
nein odzetarut ae shott ndiecudort neyi basmdnuopm ogcnisael enregyxO
.sy alwareves :edulc nsiehcaorp pnaomm otcs oemhT
snoitavac xreeh trsooeloher odbelli rodt nsidnuopm oe chgtnicalP
#
)sdl eki nf,a.tg.e(
)eborp o,e.Gg .seg(ni rhosbup-tce roi tdynrir udlnsuo pg mnaoictcejnI
#
40 0y2aM XII-5