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Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Treatment Processes: 8.1. Softening PDF

4 Pages·2019·English
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by ['Shita Aleme']| 2019| 4 pages| English

About Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Treatment Processes: 8.1. Softening

The document discusses various water softening processes. It defines hardness as the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water. There are two types of hardness - carbonate and non-carbonate. Carbonate hardness can be removed by boiling but non-carbonate hardness cannot. Common softening methods include lime treatment, lime-soda process, and ion exchange. Lime treatment uses lime to convert hardness ions into insoluble compounds that are removed. The lime-soda process uses both lime and soda ash to remove both carbonate and non-carbonate hardness. Ion exchange involves passing water through a resin that exchanges calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions to soften the water.

Detailed Information

Author:['Shita Aleme']
Publication Year:2019
Pages:4
Language:English
Format:PDF
Price:FREE
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