Table Of ContentCHANGING WORK RELATIONSHIPS
IN INDUSTRIALIZED ECONOMIES
Advances in Organization Studies
Advances in Organization Studies includes cutting-edge work in comparative management
and intercultural comparison, studies of organizational culture, communication, and aes
thetics, as well as in the area of interorganizational collaboration — strategic alliances, joint
ventures, networks and collaborations of all kinds, where comparative, intercultural, and
communicative issues have an especial salience. Purely theoretical as well as empirically based
studies are included.
General Editors
Stewart Clegg
School of Management
University of Technology Sydney
Quay Street, Haymarket
P.O.Box 123
Broadway, NSW 2007
Australia
[email protected]
Alfred Kieser
University of Mannheim
D 68 131 Mannheim
Germany
[email protected]
Volume I
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu (ed.)
Changing Work Relationships in Industrialized Economies
Changing Work Relationships
in Industrialized Economies
Edited by
I şIK URLA ZEYTINOGLU
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Changing work relationships in industrialized economies / edited by I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu.
p. cm. -- (Advances in organization studies, ISSN 1566-1075 ; . 1)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Hours of labor, Flexible. 2. Part-time employment. 3. Work environment. 4.
Employees-Effect of technological innovations on. I. Zeytinoglu, I§ik U. II. Series.
HD5109.C478 1999
33i.25'72--DC2i 99-046718
ISBN 90 272 3298 9 (Eur.) / 1 55619 744 6 (US) (Pb: alk. paper) CIP
© 1999 - John Benjamins Publishing Company
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other
means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 75577 • 1070 AN Amsterdam • The Netherlands
John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 27519 • Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 • USA
Contents
Preface vii
Introduction and Overview
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu ix
1 Changing Work Relationships:
Enacting Gender, Race / Ethnicity and Economic Class
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu and Jacinta Khasiala Muteshi 1
PART I. CHANGING WORK RELATIONSHIPS IN
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
2 Flexible Work Arrangements:
An Overview of Developments in the United States
Stanley Nollen 21
3 Flexible Work Arrangements:
An Overview of Developments in Canada
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu 41
4 Part-Time Employment and the Worker
Daniel G. Gallagher 59
5 Telework and Teleworkers
Andrew Templer, Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen,
Kay Devine, and Norm Solomon 77
PART II. CHANGING WORK RELATIONSHIPS IN
THE EUROPEAN UNION
6 Changing Work Relations in the European Union
Lei Delsen 99
v
vi Contents
7 European Employment Policies' Potential
Impact on Female Workers
Danièle Meulders and Robert Plasman 115
8 Regulating the Distanced Work Force:
Self-Employment in the United Kingdom
Jan Druker 129
PART III. CHANGING WORK RELATIONSHIPS
IN AUSTRALIA
9 Changing Work Relationships in Australia
Michael Quinlan and Claire Mayhew 147
PART IV. VIEWS OF THE STAKEHOLDERS
10 A Union Perspective on Emerging
Trends in the Workplace
Louisette Hinton, Josefina Moruz,
and Cheryl Mumford 171
11 Between Strategic Choice and Adaptation:
The Role of UNICE in the European Social Dialogue
Carsten StrQby Jensen (translated by Seán Martin) 183
12 Atypical Forms of Work in the European Union:
Experiences at the Establishment Level
Harald Bielenski and Eberhard Köhler 210
13 International Policymaking:
The ILO Standards on Changing Work Relationships
I§ik Urla Zeytinoğlu 219
Appendix:
European Framework Agreement on Part-Time Work 239
Biographical Sketches of the Contributors 245
Index 249
Preface
For more than a decade, the contributors of this book have been meet
ing at various sessions of the International Industrial Relations Associa
tion's world congresses, at its European regional meetings, and at the
Canadian and the U.S. Industrial Relations Association meetings to share,
learn, and enhance our knowledge on developments in changing work
relationships in each other's countries. This book is a result of those
informal meetings at conferences.
The publication of this book could not have been possible without the
cooperation of many individuals. Contributing authors fulfilled the chal
lenging task of writing detailed and comprehensive, but at the same time
concise chapters on their topic. Chapters are primarily based on each
author's research program, but they also include a review of the recent
literature on their topic. Contributing authors worked diligently in pro
ducing a comprehensive book in its coverage of changing work relation
ships, in its examination of demographic factors for workers in such work
arrangements, and in its examination of the topic within the context of
economic restructuring. The book brings together researchers from a vari
ety of backgrounds and regions.
Our goal was to produce a scholarly book intended for academic audi
ences, practitioners interested in research, and policymakers of govern
mental and intergovernmental organizations. I thank the contributing
authors for their cooperation and dedication to the project. I would also
like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of
Canada for supporting my research program on flexible employment
strategies and nonstandard work. Without their support this book could
not have come to fruition. Lastly, I would like to thank the series editor,
S. R. Clegg, and the editorial committee of the de Gruyter Series in Orga
nization, and the editorial staff of Aldine de Gruyter, who gave us the
opportunity to develop and produce this book.
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu
Introduction and Overview
I§ik Urla Zeytinoglu
In the last decade, there have been major changes in work relationships
in the restructuring environments of industrialized economies. The re
structuring of national economies can be attributed to the phenomenal
growth of the service sector, the increase in and spread of the use of
telecommunications technologies, and the expanding internationalization
of capital. In response, enterprises have reorganized and begun to employ
labor contracts that are currently conceived in the literature as "nonstan
dard," "atypical/' "contingent," "alternative," or "flexible" work.
Data from industrialized economies indicate that in the last decade
most of the newly created jobs were in the nonstandard work category, in
the form of part-time, temporary/casual, telework, or self-employment
without employees. Discussions on the future of work, in academia, be
tween policymakers, and in the popular media inevitably focused on
these changing work relationships and their impact on workers, work
environments, and society in general. This book examines such develop
ments in changing work relationships.
PURPOSE, GOAL, AND COVERAGE OF THE BOOK
The purpose of this book is to examine major forms of flexible work
arrangements, discuss their policy implications, and provide recommen
dations for better work relationships. The book covers the interrelation
ships of flexible work arrangements with demographic variables and
economic restructuring as experienced in industrialized countries/
regions of the world. It also provides an analysis of the impact of flexible
work arrangements on the individual worker, and gives the views of
unions, employers, and intergovernmental organizations on the topic.
The primary goal of the book is to bring together the knowledge and
experiences of various countries/regions of the world on flexible work
arrangements. As much as data permit, we discuss the impact of these
work forms on women, youth, racial / ethnic minority workers, and those
of low economic class. These issues are examined by researchers from
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