CHANGES IN HARVESTING-THRESHING LABOR ARRANGEMENTS

234 Pages·2007·3.75 MB·English

CHANGES I N HARVESTING-THRESHING LABOR ARRANGEMENTS
IN NUEVA ECIJA
LEONARDA 2. EBRON
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AT LOS BAnOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(Rural Sociology )
June 1984

The thesis attached hereto, entitled "CHANGES IN
prepared and submitted by LEONARDA Z. EBRON in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Science (Rural Sociology) is hereby accepted.
GiU!
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BART DUFF URA T. D PO ITARIO
Member, Guidance Committee Member, Guidance Commit tee
s / a r/N
Date signed
I
GELIA T. CASTILLO
Adviser and Chairman
Guidance Commit tee
Date signed
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Science (Rural Sociology)
A - CL'
DOLORES A. RAMIRE
Dean, Graduate School
University of the Philippines
at Lo8 Baiios
P 44- /nrr
ug
Date signed
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
The author i s a native of Los Banos, Laguna where she:
-
was born to Rufino Ebron and Dolores Zabal;
-
had her elementary education a t the Los Banos Central
School ;
-
finished secondary school at the University of the
Philippines Rural High School under a scholarship
grant from the Los Banos Rural Bank for four years;
-
took her bachelor's degree from the University of the
Philippines College of Agriculture where she was a
recipient of an undergraduate fellowship for three
semesters and the O.T. Kang Scholarship-Study Grant;
-
took her masters degree in Rural Sociology under an
assistantship from the International Rice Research
Institute;
-
is working as a research assistant in the Economics
Section of the Agricultural Engineering Department
of the International Rice Research Institute.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Gelia T.
Cas tillo, adviser and chairman of the guidance commit tee,
first of a l l for helping shape the research problem. She is
also appreciated for her comments and suggestions on the
manuscript and for her patience and constant encouragement for
the author to finish everything.
I am very grateful to Mr. Bart Duff, member of the
guidance commit tee and my direct work supervisor, for his
kindness and understanding in giving me extended free time to
devote to this thesis work. Sincere thanks to Dr. Pura T.
Depositario, member of the guidance commit tee, for her
comments and suggestions and whose accommodating a tt i tude was
an encouragement.
I thank the International Rice Research Institute for
providing the assistantship for graduate work and a l l
financial and logistic support for this thesis.
Special thanks are due to the following: Dr. Zenaida
Toquero for her comments and suggestions on the first draft of
this manuscript; my sister, Vicky, who ~rovided help in
editing and tabulation work; Cely, Rey, Agie and Manny
. ,who provided assistance in the survey portion of this work;
the two hundred farmers and harvester-threshers who provided
the needed data; to Hedda who helped type the first draft of
this paper and to Lidz whose dedicated work and typing
expertise put this work in printed form in due time.
Thanks to Fleur who had been a classmate, friend, work
,and prayer partner; and to these friends for their moral and
prayer support: Lina, Belen, Zeny, Cellie, Ate Merle, Emma,
Ella, Ellen and Te-Ann.
My deepest gratitude to my family who had been very
supportive and understanding during the entire graduate study.
Finally, I acknowledge that this work would not have been
.possible were it not for God, the source of a l l wisdom and
understanding and everything.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I INTRODUCTION
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
-
Importance of the Study
Conceptual Framework
I I REV1 EW OF LITERATURE
I1 I METHODOLOGY
The Locale
The Sample and Sampling Design
Data Collection
Limitation of the Study
I V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Description of the Study Area
The Irrigated Sites
The Rainfed Sites
A Survey of Existing Harvesting-
Threshing Arrangements
Description of the Harvesting-
Threshing Arrangements
An Evaluation of the Present
Arrangements
Reasons for choice of an
arrangement
CHAPTER
Advantages of specific
arrangement
Problems by specific arrangement
Comparative costs by arrangement
Changes desired by arrangement
Dynamics of Labor Allocation and
Organization
Labor Allocation
Distribution of workers
Source of labor
Reasons for hiring labor
Preference for available
family labor
Farmer's activities during
harvesting
Labor Organization
.Determination of normal rates
Factors that can alter normal
rates of payment
Methods of contacting workers
Methods of obtaining workers
~ n f o Atai on sources
Adaptation to Problem Situations
Farmer operators' problems and
solutions
-C HAPTER PAGE
Workers' problems and solution or
adaptation 119
EEEec ts of Technologica 1,
Institutional and Demographic
Changes on Harvesting-Threshing
Arrangements
Observed Developments i n
Harvesting-threshing
arrangements
Farmers' perception
Workers' perception
Changes i n Income from
Harvesting and Threshing
Ef Eects of Some Technological,
Institutional and Demographic
Changes on ~ a r v etsin g-Threshing
Arrangements
High yielding rice
Small mechanical threshers
Irrigation
Increasing population and
landlessness
Land refonn
Harves ting-Threshing Arrangements
in the Future
Changes Expected i n the Future
Changes workers expect
Changes farmers expect
viii
-PAGE
Changes Desired i n the Future 160
Changes desired by workers 160
Changes desired by farmers 160
Possible Effects of Reaper Use
'
Farmers opinion
Workers' opinion
Socio-psychologica 1 Aspects of the
Workers' Existence
Jobs preferred by workers
Harves ting-threshing and
other farm jobs
Harvest ing-threshing and
non-farm jobs
Workers' Assessment of Jobs
and Wages
Satisfaction with the
level of wages
Adequacy of harvesting jobs
Workers' assessment of their
present condi tion
The present compared with
five years before
The present compared with
five years ahead