Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics

193 Pages·2015·10.93 MB·English

by  H. Jerry Qi

Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
H. Jerry Qi · Bonnie Antoun · Richard Hall · Hongbing Lu
Alex Arzoumanidis · Meredith Silberstein · Jevan Furmanski
Alireza Amirkhizi · Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez Editors
Challenges in Mechanics
of Time-Dependent
Materials, Volume 2
Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series
Series Editor
Tom Proulx
Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.
Bethel, CT, USA
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/8922

H. Jerry Qi (cid:129) Bonnie Antoun (cid:129) Richard Hall (cid:129) Hongbing Lu
Alex Arzoumanidis (cid:129) Meredith Silberstein (cid:129) Jevan Furmanski
Alireza Amirkhizi (cid:129) Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez
Editors
Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent
Materials, Volume 2
Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on Experimental
and Applied Mechanics
Editors
H.JerryQi BonnieAntoun
GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology SandiaNationalLaboratories
Atlanta,GA,USA Livermore,CA,USA
RichardHall HongbingLu
AirForceResearchLaboratory TheErikJohnsonSchoolofEngineering,EC-38
Wright-PattersonAFB,OH,USA UniversityofTexas-Dallas
Dallas,TX,USA
AlexArzoumanidis
Psylotech,Inc. MeredithSilberstein
Evanston,IL,USA CornellUniversity
Ithaca,NY,USA
JevanFurmanski
ExxonMobil AlirezaAmirkhizi
LosAlamos,NM,USA UniversityofCalifornia
SanDiego,LaJolla,CA,USA
JoaminGonzalez-Gutierrez
UniversityofLjubljana
Ljubljana,Slovenia
ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-06979-1 ISBN978-3-319-06980-7(ebook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06980-7
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012952717
#TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2015
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Preface
Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Volume 2: Proceedings of the 2014 Annual Conference on
Experimental and Applied Mechanics represents oneof the eight volumes oftechnical papers presented at the SEM 2013
SEMAnnualConference&ExpositiononExperimentalandAppliedMechanics,organizedbytheSocietyforExperimental
Mechanics and held in Greenville, SC, June 2–5, 2014. The complete proceedings also include volumes on: Dynamic
BehaviorofMaterials;AdvancementofOpticalMethodsinExperimentalMechanics;MechanicsofBiologicalSystemsand
Materials;MEMSandNanotechnology;Composite,Hybrid,andMultifunctionalMaterials;Fracture,Fatigue,Failureand
DamageEvolution;andExperimentalandAppliedMechanics.
Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsonanimportantareawithin
ExperimentalMechanics,theMechanicsofTime-DependentMaterialsbeingoneoftheseareas.
This track was organized toaddress constitutive, time (or rate)-dependent constitutive, andfracture/failure behavior of
a broad range of materials systems, including prominent research in both experimental and applied mechanics. Papers
concentratingonbothmodelingandexperimentalaspectsofTime-DependentMaterialsareincluded.
Thetrackorganizersthankthepresenters,authors,andsessionchairsfortheirparticipationandcontributiontothistrack.
ThesupportandassistancefromtheSEMstaffisalsogreatlyappreciated.
Atlanta,GA,USA H.JerryQi
Livermore,CA,USA BonnieAntoun
Wright-PattersonAFB,OH,USA RichardHall
Dallas,TX,USA HongbingLu
Evanston,IL,USA AlexArzoumanidis
Ithaca,NY,USA MeredithSilberstein
LosAlamos,NM,USA JevanFurmanski
SanDiego,LaJolla,CA,USA AlirezaAmirkhizi
Ljubljana,Slovenia JoaminGonzalez-Gutierrez
v

Contents
1 UnimorphShapeMemoryPolymerActuatorsIncorporatingTransverse
CurvatureintheSubstrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
JasonT.CantrellandPeterG.Ifju
2 Yield Criterion for Polymeric Matrix Under Static and Dynamic Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
B.T.WernerandI.M.Daniel
3 InvestigatingUncertaintyinSHPBModelingandCharacterizationofSoftMaterials. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 21
ChristopherCzech,AaronJ.Ward,HangjieLiao,andWeinongW.Chen
4 DiffusionofChemicallyReactingFluidsthroughNonlinearElasticSolids
and1DStabilizedSolutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
RichardHall,H.Gajendran,andA.Masud
5 EffectofTemperatureonMechanicalPropertyDegradationofPolymericMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
TongCui,YuhJ.Chao,JohnW.VanZee,andChih-HuiChien
6 SmallStrainPlasticityBehaviorof304LStainlessSteelinGlass-to-MetalSealApplications. . . . . . . . . . 49
BonnieR.Antoun,RobertS.Chambers,JohnM.Emery,andRajanTandon
7 ObservationsofRate-DependentFractureofLocallyWeakenedInterfaces
inAdhesiveBonds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
YouliangL.Guan,ShantanuRanade,IvanVu,DonatusC.Ohanehi,RomeshC.Batra,
JohnG.Dillard,andDavidA.Dillard
8 TimeDependentResponseofCompositeMaterialstoMechanicalandElectricalFields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
K.L.Reifsnider
9 CharacterizingtheTemperatureDependentSpring-BackBehavior
ofPoly(MethylMethacrylate)(PMMA)forHotEmbossing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
DanielleMathiesenandRebeccaDupaix
® ®
10 ThermomechanicalFatigueEvaluationofHaynes 230 forSolarReceiverApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . 81
BonnieR.Antoun,KevinJ.Connelly,StevenH.Goods,andGeorgeB.Sartor
11 ViscoelasticCharacterizationofFusionProcessinginBimodalPolyethyleneBlends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
AaronM.Forster,Wei-LunHo,KarTeanTan,andDonHunston
12 ViscoelasticPropertiesforPMMABaroveraWideRangeofFrequencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
T.TamaogiandY.Sogabe
13 ImplementationofFractionalConstitutiveEquationsintotheFiniteElementMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
L.GaulandA.Schmidt
14 EffectofPressureonDampingPropertiesofGranularPolymericMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
M.Bek,A.Oseli,I.Saprunov,N.Holecˇek,B.S.vonBernstorff,andI.Emri
vii
viii Contents
15 FlowofDryGrainsInsideRotatingDrums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
G.DeMonaco,F.Greco,andP.L.Maffettone
16 StatisticalPredictionofTensileCreepFailureTimeofUnidirectionalCFRP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
YasushiMiyano,MasayukiNakada,TsugiyukiOkuya,andKazuyaKasahara
17 ThermalCrystallinityandMechanicalBehaviorofPolyethyleneTerephthalate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
SudheerBandla,MasoudAllahkarami,andJayC.Hanan
18 EffectofUVExposureonMechanicalPropertiesofPOSSReinforcedEpoxyNanocomposites. . . . . . . . 147
SalahU.Hamim,KunalMishra,andRamanP.Singh
19 OvercomingChallengesinMaterialCharacterizationofPolymersatIntermediateStrainRates. . . . . . . 153
WilliamJ.BriersIII
20 PredictionofStatisticalDistributionofSolderJointFatigueLifetime
UsingHybridProbabilisticApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
HyunseokOh,Hsiu-PingWei,BongtaeHan,ByungC.Jung,ChangwoonHan,
ByengD.Youn,andHojeongMoon
21 EffectofMoistureandAnisotropyinMultilayerSU-8ThinFilms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
C.J.RobinandK.N.Jonnalagadda
22 ShrinkageCoefficient:DryingMicrocrackIndicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
DraganaJankovic
23 Thermo-FluidModelingoftheFrictionExtrusionProcess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
H.Zhang,X.Deng,X.Li,W.Tang,A.P.Reynolds,andM.A.Sutton
Chapter 1
Unimorph Shape Memory Polymer Actuators Incorporating
Transverse Curvature in the Substrate
JasonT.CantrellandPeterG.Ifju
Abstract Shapememorypolymers(SMP)utilizedinreconfigurablestructureshavethepotentialtobeusedinavarietyof
settings.ThispaperisprimarilyconcernedwiththeuseofVeriflex-Sshapememorypolymerandbi-directionalcarbonfiber
inaunimorphactuator configuration.One ofthemajor deficiencies ofSMPunimorphsisthepermanentset(unrecovered
shape) after a single or multiple temperature cycle(s). The novel concept of incorporating transverse curvature in the
compositesubstrate,similartothatofanextendabletapemeasurer,wasproposedtoimprovetheshaperecovery.Asetof
experiments was designed to investigate the influence of transverse curvature, the relative widths of SMP and composite
substrates, and shape memory polymer thickness on actuator recoverability after multiple thermomechanical cycles. Flat
carbonfiberandshapememorypolymerunimorphactuatorswereevaluatedforperformanceversusactuatorsofincreasing
transverse curvature. Digital image correlation was implemented to quantify the out-of-plane deflection of the unimorph
composite actuators (UCAs) during the actuation cycle. Experimental results indicate that an actuator with transverse
curvaturesignificantlyreducestheresidualdeformationwhileincreasingtheshapememoryrecoverabilitywhichcouldbe
furthertailoredtoenhancetheperformanceofshapememorypolymersinreconfigurablearrangements.
Keywords Shapememorypolymer•Unimorph•Transversecurvature•Digitalimagecorrelation•Composite
Nomenclature
CF Carbonfiber
DIC Digitalimagecorrelation
MAV Microairvehicle
SMP Shapememorypolymer
T Glasstransitiontemperature
g
u,v,w Lengthwisewidthwise,andverticaldisplacements
UCA Unimorphcompositeactuator
VIC Visualimagecorrelation
x,y,z Lengthwisewidthwise,andverticalcoordinates
1.1 Introduction
Shapememorypolymers(SMPs)areacategoryofsmartmaterialwiththeabilitytochangetheirshapeupontheapplication
of external stimuli such as temperature electricity, magnetism, or light. Classes of smart materials include piezoelectric,
shapememoryalloys,andshapememorypolymers.Varietiesofsmartmaterialspracticalforvariousapplicationsinclude
shape memory alloys in orthodontic treatments, piezoelectric actuators for control of micro air vehicles, shape memory
J.T.Cantrell(*)•P.G.Ifju
MechanicalandAerospaceEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofFlorida,MAEReceiving,134MAE-C,Gainesville,FL32611,USA
e-mail:[email protected];ifju@ufl.edu
H.J.Qietal.(eds.),ChallengesinMechanicsofTime-DependentMaterials,Volume2:Proceedingsofthe2014AnnualConference 1
onExperimentalandAppliedMechanics,ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries,
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-06980-7_1,#TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2015