Table Of ContentChallenges in Criminal Justice
Thiscollectionexaminescontemporarychallengestothecriminaljusticesystemin
England and Wales.
Thechapters,writtenbyestablishedacademics,risingstarsandpractisinglawyers,
seeknotonlytohighlightthesechallengesbuttooffersolutions.Thebookexamines
issues with legal assistance in the police station, concerns relating to juror decision
makingandproblemsinandpresentedbybothvirtualhearingsandtheadventofthe
Single Justice Procedure Notice. The work also examines challenges surrounding
vulnerabilityinthecriminaljusticesystem.Here,diversityincludesvulnerabilityinthe
criminal trial,neurodivergenceas wellasissueswith diversity and marginalisation in
the criminal justice system as a whole. The book also discusses matters centred
around sexual offending – including the attrition rate in rape cases as well as the
recentdevelopmentof‘vigilante’paedophilehuntersandtheiracceptanceasaviable
limb of the criminal justice system.Finally, the volume looks at the post-conviction
stageandexaminesrecentprisonpolicythroughthelensofthehumanrightsofthe
prisoner. The closing chapter examines the independence of the Criminal Cases
ReviewCommissionandhighlightshowrecentchangeshaveunderminedthis.
While focused on England and Wales, the topics discussed are of wider
international significance and will be of interest to students, academics and
policy-makers.
Ed Johnston is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Northampton, UK.
His research interests are in the areas of disclosure, the role of the defence lawyer
and rise of managerialism in an adversarial setting. Ed has recently published his
monograph, The Role of the Defense Lawyer: Perceptions and Conceptions
within a Changing System. He is the co-author of the Criminal Procedure and
Punishment textbook and has published a number of articles concerning changes
to the criminal justice process.
Routledge Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice and
Procedure
SeriesEditorEdJohnstonisaSeniorLecturerinLaw,UniversityofNorthampton
The Law of Disclosure
A Perennial Problem in Criminal Justice
Edited by Ed Johnston and Tom Smith
Challenges in Criminal Justice
Edited by Ed Johnston
Probation, Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Towards Equivalence
Edited by Charlie Brooker and Coral Sirdifield
See more at https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Research-in-Legal-History/
book-series/CONTEMPCJP
Challenges in Criminal Justice
Edited by
Ed Johnston
Firstpublished2023
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BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Johnston,Ed,editor.
Title:Challengesincriminaljustice/editedbyEdJohnston.
Description:Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,2023.|
Series:Routledgecontemporaryissuesincriminaljusticeandprocedure|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|Summaryprovidedbypublisher.
Identifiers:LCCN2022004347|ISBN9780367698041(hardback)|
ISBN9780367698072(paperback)|ISBN9781003143321(ebook)
Subjects:LCSH:Criminaljustice,Administrationof--England.
Classification:LCCKD7876.C4292023|DDC345.42/05--dc23/eng/
20220526
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022004347
ISBN:978-0-367-69804-1(hbk)
ISBN:978-0-367-69807-2(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-003-14332-1(ebk)
DOI:10.4324/9781003143321
TypesetinGalliard
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
Contents
List of illustrations vii
Acknowledgements viii
List of contributors ix
Table of cases xiv
Table of legislation xvi
1 Introduction 1
EDJOHNSTON
2 Legal assistance at the police station: Shifts and contradictions in the
context of Covid-19 6
EDJOHNSTONANDEDCAPE
3 Jury decision making in the criminal trial 26
REBECCAK.HELMANDMADELEINEMILLAR
4 The jury on trial: Guilty or not guilty? Investigating jury trial issues
through a comparative approach 47
CRISTINAD’ANIELLO
5 Contemporary issues in criminal court procedure 65
JENNIWARD
6 Vulnerability in the criminal trial 83
SAMANTHAFAIRCLOUGH
7 Caught in the net: Police powers of investigation and the risks for
autistic individuals 100
TOMSMITH
8 Diversity in the criminal justice system 121
JAMESPICKLES
vi Contents
9 Listening to ‘Leading Voices’: Using expert insight to identify
challenges to, and suggestions for the improvement of, rape
investigation and prosecution in England and Wales 141
BENJAMINA.HINE,ANTHONYD.MURPHY,EMMAWILLIAMSAND
BIMSARAKENNATHWIDANARALALAGEDON
10 Paedophile hunters and the road to injustice 164
KARENWALTONANDREBECCAPENFOLD
11 Prisoners’ human rights in England & Wales: Zigzags, flatlines and
missed opportunities 180
ANASTASIAKARAMALIDOU
12 ‘Regulated from a spirit of hostility’: Independence and the Criminal
Cases Review Commission 197
JONROBINS
Bibliography 214
Index 242
Illustrations
Figures
8.1 Proportion of female police officers. 125
8.2 Stop and search rate per 1000 people, by ethnicity. 133
8.3 The proportion of adults throughout the criminal justice system in
each ethnic group, 2018. 134
Tables
3.1 Demonstrated biases in jury decision making 39
5.1 Defendants proceeded against – England and Wales 68
5.2 Age profile of serving magistrates end of April 2020 73
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my thanks to the authors for their patience, dedication to
the project and excellent contributions to this volume. I think this makes for a
really interesting collection. I would also like to thank my editor, Alison Kirk, for
her support. Finally, I would like to thank my family, Wolfy, Erin and Jacob for
their support along the way.
Thank you
Contributors
Prof.EdCapeisaninternationallyknownresearcherinthefieldofcriminaljustice,
andisalsotheauthorofarangeofpractitionertexts.Hisrecentresearchprojects
includetwoexaminingeffectivecriminaldefenceinarangeofEuropeancountries,
andathirdoneffectivecriminaldefenceinLatinAmerica.In2014hepublished
theresultsofanempiricalstudyoftherightsofsuspectsinpolicecustodyinfour
Europeanjurisdictions,andrecentlypublishedastudyofpre-trialdetentiondeci-
sion-makinginEnglandandWales.EdwroteImprovingPretrialJustice:TheRoles
ofLawyersandParalegalsfortheOpenSocietyFoundations,andahandbookon
earlyaccesstolegalaidfortheUNOfficeonDrugsandCrime.Publicationsfor
legalpractitionersincludeDefendingSuspectsatPoliceStations,whichiscurrently
inits6thedition,andEdcontributestoBlackstone'sCriminalPracticeandwrites
casecommentariesforCriminalLawReview.
Dr. Ed Johnston is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Northampton.
Ed’s research interests are in the areas of disclosure, the role of the defence
lawyer and rise of managerialism in an adversarial setting. Ed has recently pub-
lished his monograph, The Role of the Defense Lawyer: Perceptions and Concep-
tionswithinaChangingSystem.Heistheco-authoroftheCriminalProcedure
and Punishment textbook and has published a number of articles concerning
changes to the criminal justice process.
Dr. Rebecca Helm is a Senior Lecturer and Director of the Evidence-Based Jus-
tice Lab at the University of Exeter. She is a current UKRI Future Leaders
Fellow, and is an expert in the field of psychology and law and using quantita-
tive methodology to examine the legal system. Her research examines how
legal procedures work in practice, and how changing aspects of procedure can
enhance the ability of the justice system to achieve normative goals. This
research includes examining how juries function when making legal decisions,
how the legal system assesses (and should assess) the reliability of testimony,
and when and why people choose to ‘admit’ guilt. Her work has been funded
by UK Research and Innovation, the Economic and Social Research Council,
and the American Psychology and Law Society, and has been published in
leading journals in both law and psychology. Dr. Helm is also a qualified soli-
citorinEnglandandWalesandattorneyinNewYork,USA.Sheisenthusiastic
