Challenges and Solutions in the Russian Energy Sector

252 Pages·2018·6.889 MB·English

by  Stavros Syngellakis, Carlos Brebbia

Innovation and Discovery in Russian Science and Engineering
Stavros Syngellakis
Carlos Brebbia Editors
L. D. Gitelman
E. R. Magaril Associate Editors
Challenges and
Solutions in the
Russian Energy
Sector
Innovation and Discovery in Russian Science
and Engineering
SeriesEditors
CarlosBrebbia
WessexInstituteofTechnology,Southampton,UnitedKingdom
JeromeJ.Connor
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15790
Stavros Syngellakis (cid:129) Carlos Brebbia
Editors
(cid:129)
L. D. Gitelman E. R. Magaril
Associate Editors
Challenges and Solutions
in the Russian Energy Sector
Editors
StavrosSyngellakis CarlosBrebbia
WessexInstituteofTechnology WessexInstituteofTechnology
Southampton,UnitedKingdom Southampton,UnitedKingdom
AssociateEditors
L.D.Gitelman E.R.Magaril
UralFederalUniversity UralFederalUniversity
Yekaterinburg,Russia Yekaterinburg,Russia
ISSN2520-8047 ISSN2520-8055 (electronic)
InnovationandDiscoveryinRussianScienceandEngineering
ISBN978-3-319-75701-8 ISBN978-3-319-75702-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75702-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018939548
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerInternationalPublishingAGpartof
SpringerNature.
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
This book was prepared through close cooperation between university researchers
andpractitioners.Itisdedicatedtothebetterunderstandingofthecomplexproblems
associatedwiththeroleofenergyintoday’sworld.
Energy ensures the functioning of almost all elements of modern society from
largeindustrialandtransportsystemstocomputerdevicesandhouseholds.
It is a well-known rule that lower energy production in a country correlates to
lowerGDP(grossdomesticproduct)andstandardsofliving.Energyconsumptionin
theworldisalsounevenlydistributed.Onebillionpersonsconsume80%ofenergy,
andtheremaining6billion–only20%.Theavailablepowerindifferentcountries
differsbymorethan50times.
Modern economies can be supported only by countries which have managed to
ensure abundant energy supplies. Economic growth is achieved through the devel-
opmentofthepowerindustry.
Theconstantincreaseinpopulation,thelackofenergyresourcesandtheiruneven
distribution, their impact on the environment, globalization and other factors are
criticaltoachievingenergysustainability.
Judging by diverse forecasts, global energy consumption could double by
mid-century. Growing tensions in the market of fossil fuels make it difficult to
resolve this problem by increasing the use of traditional energy resources. The
solution will require the use of nuclear energy and renewables. At the same time,
therewillbechangesintheconsumptionofenergyresourcesrelatedtoscientificand
technicalprogressandtoinnovationsintheworldeconomy.
Oneofthemajorproblemsofmodernsocietyistoensurefreeaccessofcountries,
businesses and individuals to energy and energy services. Considering the impor-
tance of the problem, the United Nations has put forward a global initiative in the
formofthe“SustainableEnergyforAll”.Toimplementit,anetworkofknowledge
“The UN-Energy” and financing mechanisms of energy efficiency and renewable
energy development have been created. Powerful intellectual capital, enormous
materialandfinancialresourcesaretobemobilized.
v
vi Preface
For cold-climate countries, the situation is exacerbated by the need to spend a
significant portion of their energy for heating. For example, in Russia, the most
urgent need for accelerated modernization of the energy sector is in the social and
housingsector,whichconsumesabout80%ofthecountry’spower.
Problemsofdevelopmentoftheenergysectorincountrieswithtransitionecon-
omiesrelatetotheincreaseintheageingofthemainequipment;insufficientlevelsof
investmentintheenergysectorandtheirinefficientuse;theabsenceofmechanisms
tostimulateattractionofinvestments;lack ofinnovationinpowerengineeringand
electrical industries; large excessive losses of energy, especially in the heat supply
systems; and ineffective tariff policy, low energy efficiency and irrational use of
energyresources.
In the developed countries, the priority is to replace a significant part of the
traditional non-renewable energy resources by new sources of energy, which
requiresjointeffortsofscientistsandthenecessaryfinancialresources.
Complex challenges associated with the acceleration of traditional energy con-
sumption and associated pollution require an interdisciplinary approach to solve
them.Theapproachoughttoaimtocoverallaspects,thatis,innovativetechnologies
toensureenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalsafetyofstationaryandmobilepower
generatingunitsandtransportmodesusinghydrocarbons;introductionofalternative
fuelsandenergy,andenergyefficienttechnologicalprocesses.Itisalsonecessaryto
take into account the social and political consequences of these tasks by
implementing effectivemanagement systems based on theknowledge ofengineer-
ing,economicandenvironmental factors. Extremelyimportant istheeducationfor
managers providing them with the methodology to operate in an environment of
acceleratingchanges,instabilityandhighrisks.
Thechaptersofthisbookattempttodiscusssomeofthoseproblemsandprovide
someguidelinesregardingthefuturedirectionandnewareasofresearch.
The editors would like to express their gratitude to all the authors for their
contribution, and to the Editorial Board and other scientists who reviewed the
materialineachchapterandthusensurethequalityofthisbook.
TheeditorsalsogratefullyacknowledgethesupportofVice-RectorinScienceof
UralFederalUniversityV.V.KruzhaevandVice-RectorinEconomicandStrategy
DevelopmentD.G.Sandler.
Southampton,UK StavrosSyngellakis
Southampton,UK CarlosBrebbia
Yekaterinburg,Russia L.D.Gitelman
Yekaterinburg,Russia E.R.Magaril
Contents
PartI EconomicProblemsofEnergyDevelopment
AssessingtheIndicatorsofMunicipalities’EnergyEfficiency. . . . . . . . . 3
V.V.Dobrodei
MethodsofEvaluationoftheMarketPowerLevel
ontheWholesaleElectricityMarket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
A.TrachukandD.G.Sandler
MethodologicalToolsforEnergyEfficiencyAssessmentof
IndustrialSystemsinaContextofTransitiontoa
“GreenEconomy”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
V.Krivorotov,A.Kalina,A.Savelyeva,andS.Erypalov
ActiveConsumersintheRussianElectricPowerIndustry:
BarriersandOpportunities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
I.O.Volkova,E.A.Salnikova,andL.M.Gitelman
PerspectivesonDistributedGenerationintheElectric
PowerIndustry. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 37
A.Kosygina,I.O.Volkova,andL.M.Gitelman
PartII ImprovingtheManagementSystemsfor
SustainableEnergy
GeneralConceptforPreventingEnergyCrises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
L.D.Gitelman,M.V.Kozhevnikov,andT.B.Gavrilova
ManagingProductiveAssetsofEnergyCompanies
inPeriodsofCrisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
L.D.Gitelman,M.V.Kozhevnikov,andT.B.Gavrilova
CostManagementMethodsinEnergyCompanies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
L.D.Gitelman,M.V.Kozhevnikov,andT.B.Gavrilova
vii
viii Contents
ImprovementoftheManagementSysteminaPower
GridCompanywithERPSystemsImplementation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
A.Y.Makarov,O.Y.Antonova,R.I.Khabibullin,andA.S.Semerikov
PowerGridInfrastructureModernizationbythe
ImplementationofSmartGridTechnologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
A.Y.Makarov,Y.A.Radygin,G.A.Sharafieva,andO.M.Rostik
CustomerOrientationofElectricityRetailSalesCompanies. . . . . . . . . 89
B.A.Bokarev,D.G.Sandler,andM.V.Kozhevnikov
MethodologicalApproachtoEnergyConsumption
ManagementatIndustrialEnterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
A.P.Dzyuba,I.A.Baev,I.A.Solovieva,andL.M.Gitelman
PartIII InvestmentMechanismsforEnergy
ModelInvestmentMechanismofCostManagement
intheOilBusinessBasedonRAROCMethodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
A.Domnikov,P.Khomenko,andM.Khodorovsky
RatingApproachtoAssesstheLevelofInvestmentRisks
ofPower-GeneratingCompanies:TheCaseofRussia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
A.Domnikov,G.Chebotareva,andM.Khodorovsky
TheApplicationofInternationalRiskRequirements
fortheAssessmentofInvestorAttractivenessofRussian
Power-GeneratingCompanies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
A.DomnikovandG.Chebotareva
EvaluationofEnergy-RelatedProjectsinRemoteAreas. . . . . . . . . . . . 133
A.Domnikov,M.Petrov,andL.Domnikova
TaxSourcesofFundingtheRoadNetworkasaToolto
IncreaseTransportEnergyEfficiency.. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 141
I.MayburovandY.Leontyeva
PartIV EnergyEfficientTechnologies
ImprovedEnergyEfficiencyandEnvironmentalSafetyof
TransportThroughtheApplicationofFuelAdditives
andAlternativeFuels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
G.Genon,E.Magaril,R.Magaril,D.Panepinto,andF.Viggiano
StructuralandElectricalPropertiesofCompositesBased
onNiandNiAlAlloysforSOFCApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
S.M.Pikalov,E.Yu.Pikalova,andV.G.Bamburov
Contents ix
DevelopmentoftheCathodeMaterialsforIntermediate-
TemperatureSOFCsBasedonProton-ConductingElectrolytes. . . . . . . 173
D.A.MedvedevandE.Yu.Pikalova
IonicMeltsinNuclearPower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
S.KatyshevandL.Teslyuk
PartV EnvironmentalAspectsofUsingEnergy
AMethodicalApproachtoAssesstheEfficiencyofRenewable
EnergyProjectswithRegardtoEnvironmentalComponent. . . . . . . . . 193
I.RukavishnikovaandA.Rumyantseva
AConceptofTransitiontoaTechnologicalRegulationSystem
forthePowerIndustry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
M.BerezyukandA.Rumyantseva
TheStimulationofRenewableEnergySourceUsage:
EconomicMechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
AndreyBoyarinov
EnergyEfficiencyandEnvironmentalFriendlinessof
ProductionasFactorsofConsumerValueofGoods
andImageoftheEnterprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
I.V.Ershova,N.V.Dukmasova,andM.A.Prilutskaya
RecoveringProductionandEnergyPotentialofHazardous
ProductionFacilitiesAfterNaturalandIndustrialDisasters
andCatastrophes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
A.M.Platonov,V.A.Larionova,andS.V.Polovnev
PartVI PersonnelforthePowerIndustry
IndividualisedLearningTrajectoriesfortheProfessional
GrowthofManagersintheEnergySector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
L.D.GitelmanandA.P.Isaev
VisualBrainstorminginConceptProjectDevelopment
inthePowerIndustry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
O.B.Ryzhuk,L.D.Gitelman,M.V.Kozhevnikov,O.V.Bashorina,
A.Boyarinov,E.A.Buntov,A.V.Kuzmina,O.A.Makarova,
E.S.Pishevskaya,V.V.Polyakova,andV.V.Soloviev
AuthorIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
SubjectIndex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Part I
Economic Problems of Energy Development