Table Of ContentT.S. Chua, T.L. Kunii (Eds.)
CG International '90
Computer Graphics Around the World
With 346 Figures, Including 134 in Color
Springer-Verlag
Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Hong Kong
TAT-SENG CHUA TOSIYASU L KUNII
Senior Lecturer Professor and Chairman
Institute of Systems Science Department of Information Science
National University of Singapore Faculty of Science
Kent Ridge University of Tokyo
Singapore 0511 Tokyo 113, Japan
About the Cover.'
The cover picture shows the computer simulation of Japanese martial art
Shorinji Kempa. The picture is produced by T.L. Kunii and L. Sun of Kunii
Laboratory of Computer Science, University of Tokyo.
ISBN-13:978-4-431-68125-0 e-ISBN-13:978-4-431-68123-6
DOl: 10.1007/978-4-431-68123-6
This work subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerend, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting,
reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in
other ways, and storage in data banks.
© Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,
even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the
relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Preface
This volume presents the proceedings of the 8th International Confer
ence of the Computer Graphics Society, CG International '90, held at
the Institute of Systems Science, Singapore, on June 25-29, 1990. This
series of annual conferences originated in Japan in 1983 under the name
of 'InterGraphics' an then 'Computer Graphics Tokyo'. Since its incep
tion in 1983, the conference series has continued to attract high-quality
research papers in all aspects of computer graphics and its applications
from around the world. In order to reflect its international status and to
encourage even greater international participation and cooperation, the
conference was renamed CG International in 1987. The last three CG
International conferences were held in Karuizawa, Japan, in 1987,
Geneva, Switzerland, in 1988, and Leeds, UK, in 1989. Future confer
ences are planned for USA in 1991, Japan in 1992, and Canada in 1993.
In recent years, we have witnessed an increasing use of sophisticated
graphics in designing and manufacturing complex architectural and
engineering systems; in modeling, simulating and visualizing complicated
physical processes; in generating highly realistic images and animation
and, in most man-machine interfaces. These trends are made possible
by the improvement in performance and the lowering in cost of hardware
since the mid 1970s, and the continuing advances in many areas of
computer graphics. The major advances in computer graphics include:
greater sophistication and realism of image generation techniques;
improved· man-machine interaction techniques; superior geometric
modeling techniques for the representation and modeling of complex
physical and mathematical objects; sophisticated software systems for
animation and modeling incorporating latest AI and software engineer
ing techniques; greater integration of CAD and CAM in CIM, and
techniques to represent and visualize complicated physical processes.
These advances are reflected in this present volume either as papers
dealing with one particular aspect of research, or as multifaceted studies
involving several different areas.
This volume contains 29 reviewed papers, 3 invited papers and one
keynote paper. The reviewed papers are selected from the large number
of papers submitted in response to the Call for Papers for CG Inter
national '90 by many researchers from different parts of the world. The
papers were selected following rigorous review processes by expert re-
VI
viewers in their respective fields. Countries represented in this volume
include Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Hong-Kong,
Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, UK
and USA. Thus, there is wide international representation.
The papers are grouped into nine chapters. Chapter one contains the
keynote paper and the 3 invited papers. These papers cover the recent
developments in three of the most exciting fields in computer graphics:
computer animation, user interface management systems, and design
automation. These papers present leading-edge researches and discuss
issues pertinent to the continuing advancement of these fields.
Chapter 2 deals with the modeling of physical and mathematical
objects. Recent developments in this field have made it possible to
model a wide variety of irregularly shaped objects, ranging from flames,
cloths, fractals and even atmospheric conditions. These techniques have
produced extremely realistic and artistic images.
Chapter 3 presents the advances in rendering techniques used in a
variety of applications including scientific visualization, modeling of
physical objects and generation of hard-copy outputs.
The advances in hardware must be matched by similar improvement
in the efficiency of algorithms in computing basic graphics primitives
such as the generation of arcs, conics etc. These advances are presented
in chapter 4 which also presents algorithms for extracting vectors from
raster images, an increasingly important process in engineering, and
computing paths for NC machines in CAD/CAM applications.
The increasingly important topics of object-oriented graphics and the
incorporation of AI techniques in graphics system are discussed in chapter
5. Two systems are described that make use of these technologies to
provide better environments for programmers to model and manipulate
complex objects and animations.
Chapter 6 deals extensively with the subject of visual language and its
applications. A comprehensive survey of the various visual languages
are presented. The important topic of visualization of both mathematical
and abstract concepts is also included.
The subject of polygon triangulations in computational geometry are
dealt with in detail in chapter 7.
Chapter 8 tackles the complex subjects of ray-tracing and radiosity,
the best rendering techniques known today. The techniques are intro
duced through their applications in rendering soft objects and in non
diffuse environments.
Finally, chapter 9 discusses the recent developments in the theoreti
cal, modeling and rendering aspects of curves and surfaces in a variety
of applications.
We are grateful to all those who have helped to review the papers
and organize and sponsor the conference. Special thanks are due to
Ms Vicky Toh, the CGI '90 Secretary, for her help in putting the con
ference together.
T.S. Chua
T.L. Kunii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Invited and Keynote Papers
Dynamic Analysis-Based Human Animation
T.L. KUNII and L. SUN ......................................................... 3
New Trends in the Direction of Synthetic Actors
N. MAGNENAT-THALMANN ..................................................... 17
Computer Graphics and Design Automation:
Continued Synergy or a Parting of Ways?
M.J. WOZNY ...................................................................... 37
Virtual Reality User Interface: Tools and Techniques
M. GREEN ......................................................................... 51
Chapter 2: Modeling and Realism
A Simple Model of Flames
M. INAKAGE ....................................................................... 71
Optical Models
G. WYVILL and C. McNAUGHTON .......................................... 83
A Wrinkle. Propagation Model for Cloth
M. AONO ........................................................................... 95
Highly Realistic Visual Simulation of Outdoor Scenes
Under Various Atmospheric Conditions
K. KANEDA, T. OKAMOTO, E. NAKAMAE, and T. NISHITA ........... 117
Julia Sets of z ~ ZOO + c
N. VANGALA, U.G. GUlAR, and v.c. BHAVSAR ........................ 133
Chapter 3: Rendering
A New Front to Back Composition Technique for
Volume Rendering
D.L. BUCHANAN and S.K. SEMWAL ......................................... 149
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Parameter-Controlled Hair Rendering in Backlight
y. WATANABE and Y. SUENAGA ............................................. 175
A Simple Rendering for Penumbra Caused by Sunlight
S. TAKITA, K. KANEDA, T. AKINOBU, H. IRIYAMA, E. NAKAMAE,
and T. NrSHITA ................................................................... 187
Naive Halft oning
A.J. COLE .......................................................................... 203
Chapter 4: Algorithms
Attribute-Grammar Based Approach to Vector Extraction
from a Raster Image
K.-J. LEE, Y. SHIRAI, and T.L. KUNII ..................................... 225
Virtual Camera Oversampling:
A New Parallel Anti-Aliasing Method for Z-Buffer Algorithms
F. VAN REETH, R. WELTER, and E. FLERACKERS ....................... 241
Algorithms for Clipping Quadratic Arcs
V. SKALA ........................................................................... 255
On the Generation of Points Lying on Origin-Centered Conics
L.R. NEAL ......................................................................... 269
ZigPocket: On the Computational Geometry
of Zigzag Pocket Machining
M. HELD ........................................................................... 281
Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Graphics
A Frame-Based 3D Graphics System for Kinematic Animation
with Constraints
L. SERRA and T.-S. CHUA ..................................................... 299
An Object-Oriented Methodology Using Dynamic Variables
for Animation and Scientific Visualization
R. TURNER, E. GOBBETII, F. BALAGUER, A. MANGILI,
D. THALMANN, and N. MAGNENAT-THALMANN .......................... 317
Chapter 6: Visual Languages and Visualization
Graphical Support for Programming: A Survey and Taxonomy
G. SINGH ........................................................................... 331
A System for Interactive Graphical Modeling with Three
Dimensional Constraints
M.J.G.M. VAN EMMERIK ...................................................... 361
IX
Visualization of Abstract Concepts Using Generalized
Path Binding
K. NAKAYAMA, S. MATSUOKA, and S. KAWAI ............................ 377
Field Visualization by Interactive Computer Graphics
Y.P. LEE and C.S. CHANG .................................................... 403
Chapter 7: Computational Geometry
An Efficient Data Structure for Three-Dimensional Triangulations
E. BRUZZONE and L. DE FLORIANI ......................................... 425
An Output-Complexity-Sensitive Polygon Triangulation
Algorithm
G. TOUSSAINT ..................................................................... 443
Chapter 8: Ray Tracing and Radiosity
Ray-Tracing Soft Objects
G. WYVILL and A. TROTMAN ................................................ 469
An Adapted Solutin of Progressive Radiosity
and Ray-Tracing Methods for Non-Diffuse Environments
H. CHEN and E.-H. Wu ....................................................... 477
Chapter 9: Curves and Surfaces
High-Quality Rendering of Parametric Surfaces
by Using a Robust Scanline Algorithm
T. NISHITA, K. KANEDA, and E. NAKAMAE .............................. 493
Design and Display of an Analytical Surface Composed of Super
and Para-Ellipses
T. HONG and H. CAO .......................................................... 507
Basis Functions for Rational Continuity
D. MONOCHA and B.A. BARSKy ............................................ 521
A Method to Convert a Gregory Patch and a Rational Boundary
Gregory Patch to a Rational Bezier Patch and Its Applications
T. TAKAMURA, M. OHTA, H. TORIYA, and H. CHlYOKURA .......... 543
An Enhanced Rounding Operation Between Curved Surfaces
in Solid Modeling
T. HARADA, H. TORIYA, and H. CHIYOKURA ............................ 563
Conference Organization Committee ..................................... 589
x
List of Sponsors .................................................................. 591
List of Technical Reviewers .................................................. 593
List of Contributors ............................................................ 595
Author Index ..................................................................... 597
Keyword Index .................................................................. 605
Chapter!
Invited and Keynote Papers
