CfE Higher Spanish Grammar Guide

282 Pages·2015·0.72 MB·English

SCHOLAR Study Guide
CfE Higher Spanish Grammar Guide
Authored by:
Carolyn Stanford (Glenwood High School)
Reviewed by:
Rosario Pacheco-Cobos (Bell Baxter High School)
Previously authored by:
Linda Swankie
Sabela Melchor
Heriot-Watt University
EdinburghEH144AS,UnitedKingdom.
Firstpublished2015byHeriot-WattUniversity.
Thiseditionpublishedin2015byHeriot-WattUniversitySCHOLAR.
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DistributedbytheSCHOLARForum.
SCHOLARGrammarGuide: CfEHigherSpanishGrammarGuide
1. CfEHigherSpanishGrammarGuideCourseCode: C76976
ISBN978-1-909633-98-8
PrintProductioninGreatBritainbyConsilienceMedia
Acknowledgements
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curriculum.
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i
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Grammar: Society 3
2.1 Grammar: Presenttense verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Verbs: Radical Changingverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Verbs: Theverb ESTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Verbs: Gustar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5 Verbs: Other uses of the verb Estar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6 Verbs: Talking aboutthefuture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.7 Verbs: Me gustaría . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.8 Verbs: Revision of theimperfect tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.9 Verbs: ThePassive Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.10 Verbs: ThePreterite Tense: Regularverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.11 Verbs: Preterite Tenseof theverb Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.12 Verbs: Preterite of ser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.13 Verbs: Preterite of dar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.14 Verbs: Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.15 Adjectives: Adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.16 Adjectives: More practice with adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.17 Adjectives: Position of adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.18 Adjectives: Comparatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.19 PronounsandPrepositions: Reflexive pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.20 PronounsandPrepositions: Personal"A" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.21 PronounsandPrepositions: Prepositionsfollowedby the infinitive . . . 65
2.22 PronounsandPrepositions: Parafollowedby theinfinitive . . . . . . . 67
2.23 PronounsandPrepositions: Prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.24 PronounsandPrepositions: Pronounsafter prepositions . . . . . . . . 73
2.25 Vocabulary: Tellingthetime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2.26 Vocabulary: Nadade nada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.27 Vocabulary: Soler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2.28 Vocabulary: Lobuenoy lo malo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.29 Vocabulary: ¿Sabero poder? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.30 Vocabulary: ¿Sabero conocer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.31 Vocabulary: Acabarde: Auseful expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.32 Vocabulary: Desdeanddesdehace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
2.33 Vocabulary: Tohaveto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.34 Articles: Genderandnumberin Spanish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3 Grammar: Learning 95
ii CONTENTS
3.1 Verbs: Familiar commandsin thenegative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2 Verbs: Negativestructures in Spanish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.3 Verbs: Thepositionof negatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.4 Verbs: Preterite tense of verbs endingin -car, -gar and-zar . . . . . . . 104
3.5 Verbs: Strongpreterites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
3.6 Verbs: Present ContinuousTense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.7 Verbs: Reflexive verbs in the Present Continuoustense . . . . . . . . . 112
3.8 Verbs: Perfect tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.9 Verbs: TheConditionalTense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
3.10 Verbs: Twotranslations of the word"would" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.11 Verbs: Negativeprefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.12 Adjectives: Possessive adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.13 Adjectives: Thesuperlative: facilísimo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.14 Pronouns: Su andsus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
3.15 Pronouns: Hasta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.16 Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
3.17 Pronouns: Direct Object Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
3.18 Pronouns: Indirect Object Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
3.19 Vocabulary: Teneridioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3.20 Vocabulary: Varyingsentencestructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
3.21 Vocabulary: El de ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.22 Vocabulary: "Y" and"O" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
3.23 Vocabulary: Hace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.24 Vocabulary: Desde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
3.25 Vocabulary: "Desdehace" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3.26 Vocabulary: Past time expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
3.27 Vocabulary: Working with texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.28 Vocabulary: "Cuando"phrases for use withfuture plans . . . . . . . . . 158
3.29 Vocabulary: Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
3.30 Vocabulary: False friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3.31 Vocabulary: Cadavez más . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
3.32 Vocabulary: Cadavez menos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4 Grammar: Employability 165
4.1 Verbs: Preterite tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.2 Verbs: Commandsagain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
4.3 Vocabulary: Seguir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4.4 Vocabulary: Buscar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4.5 Vocabulary: Genderof jobs andprofessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5 Grammar: Culture 183
5.1 Verbs: Voy a + infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
5.2 Verbs: TheImperfect tense - threeuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5.3 Verbs: Hay in other tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
5.4 Verbs: Revision of tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
5.5 PronounsandPrepositions: Prepositions beforethe Infinitive . . . . . . 196
5.6 Vocabulary: Questionwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
5.7 Vocabulary: Collective nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
5.8 Vocabulary: Sentirse andsentarse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
© HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY
CONTENTS iii
Answersto questionsandactivities 205
2 Grammar: Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
3 Grammar: Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
4 Grammar: Employability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
5 Grammar: Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
© HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY

1
Topic 1
Introduction
2 TOPIC 1. INTRODUCTION
TogetagoodgradeinyourHigherSpanish,youareexpectedtohaveanunderstanding
of Spanish grammar, particularly verbs. You should also use complex language. To
help you, SCHOLAR has provided a number of explanations and exercises throughout
the course to let you developyour skills and knowledgein the area of Using Language.
These are spread across the four contexts. The grammar guide lets you see where
these exercises are, to helpyou work on a particular areayou feel you needto improve
in. A few of the exercises are based on texts from the four contexts, but most do not
needthesource texts.
Most of the grammar work is concentrated in the first two contexts of Society and
Learning and this is to give you a good grounding in grammar in the early stages of
the course.
In the grammar guide, the exercises are classified according to whether they are to do
withverbsoradjectivesetc. Therearesomeexercises whichareclasses asvocabulary
as theseshowyou howto use commonSpanishphrases andidioms.
© HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY