CFD Techniques and Thermo-Mechanics Applications

208 Pages·2018·9.054 MB·English

by  Zied Driss,Brahim Necib,Hao-Chun Zhang (eds.)

Zied Driss
Brahim Necib
Editors
Hao-Chun Zhang
CFD Techniques
and Thermo-
Mechanics
Applications
CFD Techniques and Thermo-Mechanics
Applications
Zied Driss Brahim Necib
(cid:129)
Hao-Chun Zhang
Editors
CFD Techniques
and Thermo-Mechanics
Applications
123
Editors
ZiedDriss Hao-ChunZhang
Department ofMechanical Engineering Schoolof Energy ScienceandEngineering
National School ofEngineers of Sfax Harbin Institute of Technology
Sfax Harbin
Tunisia China
Brahim Necib
Faculty of Sciences andTechnology
University of Constantine 1
Constantine
Algeria
ISBN978-3-319-70944-4 ISBN978-3-319-70945-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70945-1
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Preface
ThisbookfocusesonComputationalFluidDynamics(CFD)technicsandtherecent
developments and research works in thermomechanics applications. It is also
devotedtothepublicationofbasicandappliedstudiesbroadlyrelatingtothisarea.
The chapters may present the development of numerical methods, computational
techniques, and case studies in the thermomechanics applications. Also, they offer
the fundamental knowledge for using CFD in real thermomechanics applications
andcomplexflowproblemsthroughthenewtechnicalapproaches.Itdescribesthe
steps in the CFD process and provides benefits and issues when using the CFD
analysisinunderstandingofcomplicatedflowphenomenaanditsuseinthedesign
process. The best practices for reducing errors and uncertainties in CFD analysis
may be adapted. The presented case studies and developments approaches aim to
providethereaders,suchasengineersandPh.D.students,thefundamentalsofCFD
prior to embarking on any real simulation project. Additionally, engineers sup-
porting or being supported by CFD analysts can benefit from this book.
Chapter “AirFlowCFDModelinginanIndustrialConvectionOven”discusses
anexperimentallyvalidated3-DCFDanalysisoftheflowandthermalprocessesin
a laboratory drying oven with a forced air circulation. The thermal field within an
oven has significant impact on quality of cooked food, and reliable predictions are
importantfor arobust designandperformance evaluationofanoven.Anumerical
simulation by using a computational fluid dynamics code is carried out to predict
the three-dimensional isothermal airflow in an industrial electrical forced convec-
tion oven. The CFD model is based on the fundamental equations for the conser-
vation of mass, momentum, and the k-e turbulence model. The CFD model
performance was assessed by means of point measurements of the velocity with a
directionally hot-film velocity sensor. The simulated results were consistent with
the actual velocity measurements from the industrial oven.
Chapter “CFDApplicationfor theStudy ofInnovative WorkingFluidsinSolar
CentralReceivers”focusesontheevaluationofanewHTF(supercriticalCO )used
2
inasolarcentralreceiverincomparisonwithacommercialone(moltensalt)using
aCFDmodel.Inthischapter,theresultsrelatedtotheoperatingconditionsforthe
innovative HTF and to the adaptation of the solar-receiver design have been
v
vi Preface
discussed and analyzed. In fact, Concentrating Solar Thermal (CST) technologies
are focused on the production of both electricity and heat by the concentration of
sunlight direct-beam part.Thus,SolarThermal Electricity(STE)plants collect and
concentrate thesolar energywhich isconvertedinto heatbyusing aHeat Transfer
Fluid (HTF) in the solar receiver, and, in the second step, the heat is transformed
intoelectricitybyapowerblock.TheselectionofanappropriateHTFisimportant
forincreasingboththeefficiencyofthesolarreceiverandtheoverallefficacyofthe
STE plant.
InChapter“ComputationalFluidDynamicsforThermalEvaluationofEarth-to-
Air Heat Exchanger for Different Climates of Mexico”, a two-dimensional model
based on computational fluid dynamics is developed to analyze the thermal per-
formanceofanEarth-to-AirHeatExchanger(EAHE)inthreecitiesofMexico.The
climaticdatacorrespondtoatemperateclimate(MéxicoCity),ahumid–hotclimate
(Mérida, Yucatán),and an extremeweather (JuárezCity,Chihuahua). The optimal
depth of burial of the EAHE for the three cities has been found. The temperature,
velocity,andcoolingvariationandtheheatingpotentialforeachcaseofstudywere
presented. The results show that the cooling and cooling potential change with the
depth of burial of the tube.
In Chapter “CFD Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Receiver of Different Cross
SectionShapes”,theParabolicTroughCollector(PTC)performancewasexamined.
In order to reach this aim, the adopted method comprises two major steps. In the
firststep,theconcentratedsolarheatfluxdensitiesinafocalzonearecalculatedby
SOLTRACE software. In the second step, some Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD)simulationsarecarriedouttoanalyzeandoptimizethethermalperformance
ofthetubereceiver.ThecalculatedheatfluxdensitiesbySOLTRACEsoftwareare
used as heat flux wall boundary conditions for the receiver tube. The effect of the
absorber tube cross-sectional shape on the performance of the PTC system is
analyzed.Triangular,rectangular,andcircularshapesaretested,andtheresultsare
compared.
In Chapter “An OpenFOAM Solver for Forced Convection Heat Transfer
AdoptingDiagonallyImplicitRungeKuttaSchemes”,aCFDsolverwasdeveloped
for incompressible fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer based on
high-order diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (RK) schemes for time integration. In
particular, an iterated PISO-like procedure based on Rhie–Chow correction was
used for handling pressure–velocity coupling within each RK stage. It is worth
emphasizingthatforspacediscretizationthenumericaltechnologyavailablewithin
thewell-knownOpenFOAMlibrarywasused.Theaimofthischapteristoexplore
the reliability and effectiveness of OpenFOAM library for convective heat transfer
problems using high-fidelity numerics.
In Chapter “Multigrid and Preconditioning Techniques in CFD Applications”,
multigridandpreconditioningtechniquesallowingtospeedupCFDcalculationson
unstructured meshes are discussed. Flow solution is provided using cell-centered
finite volume formulation of unsteady three-dimensional compressible Navier–
Stokes equations on unstructured meshes. The CFD code uses an edge-based data
structuretogivetheflexibilitytorunonmeshescomposedofavarietyofcelltypes.
Preface vii
Thefluxesarecalculatedonthebasisofflowvariablesatnodesateither endofan
edge or an area associated with that edge (edge weight). The edge weights are
precomputedandtakeintoaccountthegeometryofthecell.Thecapabilitiesofthe
approaches developed are demonstrated by solving benchmark problems on
structured and unstructured meshes.
Chapter “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Role of
DeltaWingPrivilegedApex”isdevotedtothenumericalandexperimentalstudies
ofathindeltawingsaerodynamicswith“PrivilegedAngles”.Thisstudyfocuseson
observationsandvisualizationsinthewindtunnel.Itsuggestedthatthedeltawings
with“privileged”apexcaninfluencethedeltawingaerodynamiccharacteristicsand
consequently could have repercussions on theaircraft performances. In addition, it
revealed that the apex vortex which develops on the suction face of this type of
wings occupies positions corresponding to values of quantified angles, called
“Privileged Angles”. The delta wing vortex lift is mainly due to the depression
generated on its extrados part (suction face) by a three-dimensional (3D) flow
resulting from the complex swirling structure, which occurs at the leading edge
of the wing. Relatively, the topology of this type of flow is well known, but the
character of the mechanism remains to specify.
Chapter “Numerical Simulation of the Overlap Effect on the Turbulent Flow
AroundaSavoniusWindRotor”aimstoinvestigatetheeffectoftheoverlaponthe
aerodynamic characteristics of the flow around a Savonius wind rotor. Thus, the
writershavedevelopedanumericalsimulationusingacommercialCFDcode.The
considered numerical model is based on the resolution of the Navier–Stokes
equationsinconjunctionwiththek-eturbulencemodel.Theseequationsaresolved
by a finite volume discretization method. The comparison of the numerical results
with anterior results shows a good agreement.
Chapter “Study of the Collector Diameter Effect on the Characteristics of the
Solar Chimney Power Plant” aims to optimize the geometry of the collector in a
Solar Chimney Power Plant (SCPP). Particularly, the effects of the collector
diameter on the SCPP output are investigated. A two-dimensional steady model
with the standard k-e turbulence model has been developed using the commercial
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code “ANSYS Fluent 17.0”. A numerical
simulationwasperformedtostudythelocalcharacteristicsoftheairflowinsidethe
SCPP. The local flow characteristics were presented and discussed for different
collector diameters. The comparison shows that the collector diameter is an
important parameter for the optimization of the solar setup.
Sfax, Tunisia Zied Driss
Constantine, Algeria Brahim Necib
Harbin, China Hao-Chun Zhang
Acknowledgements
First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Nabil Khélifi, Springer Editor who
invitedmetoeditthisnewbookafterawardingtheconferenceonCFDtechniques
and Thermo-Mechanics applications, which was held at the National School of
Engineers of Sfax (University of Sfax, Tunisia) in April 2016. All the ideas have
developedfurtherwithmyco-editorsandmanyreviewers,especiallyinthesecond
edition of the International Conferences on Mechanics and Energy (ICME’2016)
which was held in Hammamet (Tunisia) in December 2016 and the third edition
ICME’2017, held in Sousse (Tunisia) in December 2017.
I would like to thank all the authors who submitted chapters at our requests.
Especially, I wish to express my gratitude to all the reviewers who participated to
thisbook,providedsupport,talkedthingsover,read,wrote,offeredcomments,and
allowed us to quote their remarks.
Many colleagues have generously provided comments and material from their
past and current research. Particularly, I thank my co-editors Prof. Brahim Necib
from the University of Mentouri Constantine (Algeria)and Prof. Hao-Chun Zhang
from the Harbin Institute of Technology (China). Without them, this book would
never find its way to so many researchers, engineers, and Ph.D. students.
I would like to express my gratitude to all those who provided support and
assisted in the editing and proofreading. Particularly, I thank Prof. Abdelmajid
Dammak for the Linguistic improvements of all chapters in the book. In addition,
I would like to thank Reyhaneh Majidi, Shahid Mohammed, Kavitha Palanisamy,
and Suganya Manoharan from Springer for helping me in the process of
selection, editing, and design.
Lastandnotleast,Ibegforgivenessofallthosewhohavebeenwithmeoverthe
course of the years and whose names I have failed to mention.
Sfax, Tunisia Prof. Dr. Zied Driss
January 2018
ix
Contents
Air Flow CFD Modeling in an Industrial Convection Oven. . . . . . . . . . 1
Julio Cesar Zanchet Piaia, Carlos Alberto Claumann,
Marintho Bastos Quadri and Ariovaldo Bolzan
CFD Application for the Study of Innovative Working Fluids
in Solar Central Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
María Isabel Roldán Serrano, Jesús Fernández Reche
and Eduardo Zarza Moya
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Thermal Evaluation of
Earth-to-Air Heat Exchanger for Different Climates of Mexico . . . . . . . 33
M. Rodríguez-Vázquez, I. Hernández-Pérez, J. Xamán, Y. Chávez
and F. Noh-Pat
CFD Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Receiver of Different
Cross Section Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Anissa Ghomrassi, Hatem Mhiri and Philippe Bournot
An OpenFOAM Solver for Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Adopting Diagonally Implicit Runge–Kutta Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Valerio D’Alessandro, Sergio Montelpare and Renato Ricci
Multigrid and Preconditioning Techniques in CFD Applications . . . . . . 83
Konstantin Volkov
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of the Role
of Delta Wing Privileged Apex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Iddir Boumrar and Zied Driss
xi
xii Contents
Numerical Simulation of the Overlap Effect on the Turbulent
Flow Around a Savonius Wind Rotor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Sobhi Frikha, Zied Driss, Hedi Kchaou and Mohamed Salah Abid
Study of the Collector Diameter Effect on the Characteristics
of the Solar Chimney Power Plant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Ahmed Ayadi, Abdallah Bouabidi, Zied Driss and Mohamed Salah Abid