Table Of ContentCerebral Localization
An Otfrid Foerster Symposium
Editors
K. 1. Ziilch O. Creutzfeldt G. C. Galbraith
With Contributions by
P. Bach-y-Rita . D. Blumer' O. Creutzfeldt . J. M. R. Delgado
D. Denny-Brown· G. C. Galbraith' M. S. Gazzaniga . P. Glees' P. S. Gott
R. Haaxma . R. Hassler' H. Hecaen . K.-A. Hossmann . M. Kerschensteiner
H. Kremin . E. J. Kirk' H. Kuypers . J. C. Marshall' J. G. Martin-Rodrigues
B. Milner' R. E. Myers' F. Newcombe' S. Obrador' D. Ploog' K. Poeck
B. Preilowski . Th. Rasmussen' V. S. Rossiter' R. E. Saul' A. E. Walker
C. N. Woolsey' C. N. Yanagisawa . O. L. Zangwill' K. J. ZUlch
Springer-Verlag Berlin' Heidelberg' New York 1975
K. J. ZOLCH, Professor Dr., Max-Planck-Institut flir Hirnforschung, Abteilung
flir Allgemeine Neurologie und Neurologische Klinik des Stadtischen
Krankenhauses, D-5000 Koln 91, Ostmerheimer Str. 200 - Federal Republic
of Germany
O. CREUTZFELDT, Professor Dr., Max-Planck-Institut flir Biophysikalische
Chemie, Karl-Friedrich-Bonhoeffer-Institut, D-3400 Gottingen-Nikolausberg,
Am FaBberg - Federal Republic of Germany
G. C. GALBRAITH, Ph. D., The Neuropsychiatric Institute, Pacific State
Hospital Research Group, P. O. Box 100-R, Pomona, California 91766 - USA
With 95 Figures
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66206-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66204-1
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-66204-1
This \york is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically those oftransilltion, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying
machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright
Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount
of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg 1975.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975
The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially
identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names as understood by the Trade Marks und Merchandise Marks
Act may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
Welcome
Ladies and Gentleman,
May I welcome you to this department of the Max-Planck-Institut
fUr Hirnforschung and to the lInd "Kainer Symposium" which is
devoted to the localization of function. This Max-Planck-Institut
in Frankfurt and Cologne succeeds the old Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut
fUr Hirnforschung, Berlin-Buch, of OSKAR VOGT. However, our de
partment feels particularly obliged to maintain the traditions
of the Neurologisches Forschungsinstitut Breslau of OTFRID FOER
STER which was lost by the last war. In the past both institu
tions were particularly successful in the field of our discus
sion, namely in the "Lokalisationslehre, or cerebral localiza
tion". Cologne, situated on a cross-way from north to south and
east to west, is a town which has always been host to guests
from allover the world, from its Roman time to the medieval
holy Roman Empire of German Nation, as it was called, from then
it has been one of the Centers of the European Hansa League,
and has remained one of the cross roads of Europe ever since.
It gives us a particular pleasure to welcome guests from all
over the world for this hopefully successful discussion, which
is dedicated to one of the great localizers, OTFRID FOERSTER.
This year is the centenary of his birth.
I would also like to commemorate one of OTFRID FOERSTER's eldest
coworkers and friends, PERCIVAL BAILEY. I had invited him but
unfortunately he had to decline the invitation. He said he
would be happy to receive all the details of the forthcoming
discussion. But just a few days ago I heard from HEINRICH KLUVER,
whom I also had hoped to have here as our Senior member, that
PERCIVAL BAILEY had died on the 11th of August. Our thoughts
are full of commemoration for this great neurosurgeon and neuro
logical scientist.
I am happy to express my thanks to Drs. O. CREUTZFELDT, G.C. GAL
BRAITH and K.-A. HOSSMANN for their help in organizing this
discussion which we hope will be successful.
Cologne, August 1975 K. J. ZULCH
Contents
I. Motor Functions
Critical Remarks on "Lokalisationslehre"
K.J. ZULCH................................................. 3
Cortical Motor Map of Macaca Mulatta after Chronic Section
of the Medullary Pyramid
C.N. WOOLSEY. With 12 Figures ............................. 17
Pyramidal and Parapyramidal Motor Systems in Man
K.J. ZULCH. With 6 Figures .................•.............. 32
Contra- and Ipsilateral Motor and Sensory Representation in
tQe Cerebral Cortex of Monkey and Man
P. GLEES. With 7 Figures ..............•................... 48
The Localization of Hemispheric Mechanisms of Visually
Directed Reaching and Grasping
D. DENNY-BROWN, N. YANAGISAWA, and E.J. KIRK. With 8 Figures 62
Occipito-Frontal Connections, a Possible Sensory-Motor Link
for Visually Guided Hand and Finger Movements
H. KUYPERS and R. HAAXMA. With 1 Figure ................... 76
The Central Organization of Adversive Movements as the Main
Direction of Locomotion on Land
R. HASSLER. With 11 Figures ............................... 79
Analysis of the Sequential Motor Events in Oral Apraxia
K. POECK and M. KERSCHENSTEINER. With 5 Figures ....•...... 98
II. Interhemispheric Connection
Bilateral Motor Interaction: Perceptual-Motor Performance
of Partial and Complete "Split-Brain" Patients
B. PREILOWSKI. With 8 Figures ............................. 115
Partial Commissurotomy and Cerebral Localization of Func
tion
M.S. GAZZANIGA ....•.............................••.•...... 133
Visual Evoked Responses in Commissurotomy Patients
P.S. GOTT, V.S. ROSSITER, G.C. GALBRAITH, and R.E. SAUL.
Wi th 2 Figures ............................................ 144
VIII
Transcallosal Potentials in the Corpus-Callosum Cat
K.-A. HOSSMANN. With 5 Figures ............................ 150
III. Social Behavior·
Neurology of Social Behavior and Affect in Primates: A
Study of Prefrontal and Anterior Temporal Cortex
R.E. MYERS. With 2 Figures ................................ 161
Emotional Areas of the Human Brain and its Programmed
Stimulation for Therapeutic Purposes
S. OBRADOR, J.M.R. DELGADO, and J.G. MARTIN-RODRIGUEZ.
With 3 Figures ............................................ 171
The Localization of Sex in the Brain
A.E. WALKER and D. BLUMER. With 1 Figure .................. 184
IV. Plasticity and Dominance
Plastic Brain Mechanisms in Sensory Substitution
P. BACH-Y-RITA. With 3 Figures ............................ 203
Some Problems of Cortical Organization in the Light of
Ideas of the Classical "Hirnpathologie" and of Modern Neuro
physiology. An Essay
o. CREUTZFELDT ............................................ 21 7
V. Cerebral Speech Mechanisms
Vocal Behavior and its "Localization" as a Prerequisite
for Speech
D. PLOOG. With 2 Figures .................................. 229
Clinical and Surgical Studies of the Cerebral Speech Areas
in Man
T. RASMUSSEN and B. MILNER. With 9 Figures ................ 238
Excision of Broca's Area without Persistent Aphasia
O. L. ZANGWILL ............................................. 258
Neurolinguistic Comments on the Alexias
H. HECAEN and H. KREMIN. With 1 Figure .................... 264
Traumatic Dyslexia: Localization and Linguistics
F. NEWCOMBE and J.C. MARSHALL. With 6 Figures ............. 272
VI. General Discussion
Localization of Normal Function
Moderator: T. RASMUSSEN ................................... 293
IX
Cerebral Dominance
Moderator: H. HECAEN. With 1 Figure ....................... 301
Plasticity of the Nervous System
Moderator: P. BACH-Y-RITA ................................. 313
The Concept of Diaschisis
Moderator: M.S. GAZZANIGA 328
Subject Index ............................................. 333
List of Contributors
BACH-Y-RITA, P., Associate Director, Smith-Kettlewell Institute
of Visual Sciences, 2232 Webster Street, San Francisco,
California/ USA
BLUMER, D., Associate Professor in Psychiatry, Harvard
University, Medical School, The McLean Hospital, Belmont,
Massachusetts 02178/USA
CREUTZFELDT, 0., Dr. med., Professor, Direktor am Max-Planck
Institut, Abteilung fUr Neurobiologie, D-3400 Gottingen
Nikolausberg, P.O.B. 968
DELGADO, J.M.R., Professor of Physiology, Department of Physiol
ogical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University,
Madrid/Spain
DENNY-BROWN, D., Professor of Neurology, Emeritus, Harvard
University, 3 Marcer Circle, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138/
USA
GALBRAITH, G.C., Ph.D., Associate Professor (Psychiatry), Neuro
psychiatric Institute, Pacific State Hospital Research Group
University of California, Los Angeles/USA
GAZZANIGA, M.S., Professor of Psychology and Social Science and
Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, N.Y./USA
GLEES, P., Professor Dr. med., M.A., D. Phil. (Oxon), Institut
fUr Histologie und experimentelle Neuroanatomie, D-3400 Got
tingen, Kreuzbergring
GOTT, P.S., Ph.D., Research Fellow, Division of Biology, Cali
fornia Institute of Technology, Los Angeles/USA
HAAXMA, R., Department of Anatomy, Erasmus University, Medical
School, Rotterdam/The Netherlands
HASSLER, R., Professor Dr. med., Direktor der Neurobiologischen
Abteilung, Max-Planck-Institut fUr Hirnforschung, D-6 Frank
furt/M.-Niederrad, Deutschordenstr. 46
HECAEN, H., Directeur d'Etudes E.H.E.S.S., Unite de Recherches
Neuropsychologiques (U.111) I.N.S.E.R.M., 2ter Rue d'Alesia,
Paris 75014/France
XI
HOSSMANN, K.A., Priv.-Doz. Dr. Dr., Max-Planck-Institut fur Hirn
forschung, D-5 K61n-Merheim, Ostmerheimer Str. 200
KERSCHENSTEINER, M., Dr. med., Oberarzt, Abteilung Neurologie
der Medizinischen Fakultat der Rheinisch-Westfalischen Tech
nischen Hochschule Aachen, D-51 Aachen, Goethestr. 27/29
KREMIN, H., Neant, Unite de Recherches Neuropsychologiques et
Neurolinguistiques (U-111), 2ter, Rue d'~lesia, F-75014 Paris
KIRK, E.J., Dr., Lecturer in Physiology, Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Massey University, Palmerston/New Zealand
KUYPERS, H., Department of Anatomy, Erasmus University, Medical
School, Rotterdam/The Netherlands
MARSHALL, J.C., Dr., Department of Psychology, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh/Scottland
MARTIN-RODRIGUEZ, J.G., Asistant Professor in Neurosurgery,
Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University, Clinical Chief,
National Department of Neurosurgery (Spanish Social Security)
Fresnedilla 2, Madrid 35/Spain
MILNER, B., Ph.D., Sc.D. (Cantab.), Professor, Department of
Neurology and Psychiatry, Neuropsychologist, Montreal Neuro
logical Institute and Hospital, McGill University, 3801 Uni
versity St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4/Canada
MYERS, R.E., Chief, Laboratory of Perinatal Physiology, National
Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National In
stitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014/USA
NEWCOMBE, F., Dr. Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Clinical
Neurology, University of Oxford/Great Britain
OBRADOR, S., Professor of Surgery (Faculty of Medicne, Autonomous
University) Chief National Department of Neurosurgery (Spanish
Social Security) Eduardo Dato 23, Madrid-10/Spain
PLOOG, D., Professor Dr. med., Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie,
D-8 MUnchen 40, Kraepelinstr. 10
POECK, K., Professor Dr. med., Abteilung Neurologie der Medizi
nischen Fakultat der Rheinisch-Westfalischen Technischen Hoch
schule Aachen, D-51 Aachen, Goethestr. 27/29
PREILOWSKI, B., Ph.D., Universitat Konstanz,D-775 Konstanz,
Postfach 7733
RASMUSSEN, T., MD, FRCS (Can.), Director Emeritus, Montreal Neu
rological Institute and Hospital, Professor of Neurology and
Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Insti
tute and Hospital, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A
2B4/Canada
XII
ROSSITER, V.S., Department of Psychology, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles/USA
SAUL, R.E., M.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology,
University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los
Angeles/USA
WALKER, A.E., Professor of Neuro-Surgery, The University of
New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquergue, New Mexico/USA
WOOLSEY, C.N., M.D., Biomedical Research Unit Coordinator, Wals
man Center, 2605 Marsh Lane, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706/USA
YANAGISAWA, N., Assistant Professor of Medicine (Neurology),
Shinshu University/Japan
ZANGWILL, O.L., Professor, Department of Experimental Psychology,
University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB/
Great Britain
ZULCH, K.J., Professor Dr. med., Max-Planck-Institut fur Hirn
forschung, D-5 Koln 91, Ostmerheimer Str. 200
