Table Of ContentG. Müller (Editor)
Ceramics - Processing, Reliability, Tribology and Wear
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 12
Ceramics – Processing, Reliability, Tribology and Wear. Edited by G. Müller.
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. ISBN: 3-527-30194-1
EUROMAT 99 was the biannual meeting of the Federation of European Materials
Societies (FEMS) with its 21 member societies across Europe.
The program of the EUROMAT 99 congress was divided into 12 topics. The scientific
coordination was managed by topic coordinators. The responsible experts for the individu-
al topics were:
Topic A – Materials for Information Technology
K. Grassie, Philips GmbH, Aachen (D)
Topic B – Materials for Transportation Technology
P. J. Winkler, DaimlerChrysler AG, München (D)
Topic C – Materials for Electrical Power Generation and Energy Conversion
E. Tenckhoff, Siemens AG, Erlangen (D)
Topic D – Materials for Medical Engineering
H. Stallforth, Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen (D)
P. Revell, University College London (UK)
Topic E – Materials for Buildings and Structures
F. H. Wittmann, ETH Zürich (CH)
Topic F1 – Characterization Methods and Procedures
Y. Bréchet, INPG, Grenoble (F)
Topic F2 – Metals
R. Wagner, FZ. Jülich (D)
Topic F3 – Ceramics
G. Müller, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Silicatforschung ISC, Würzburg (D)
Topic F4 – Polymers
G. Wegner, MPI für Polymerforschung, Mainz (D)
P. J. Lemstra, Univ. of Eindhoven (NL)
Topic F5 – Interface Controlled Materials
M. Rühle, MPI für Metallforschung, Stuttgart (D)
Topic G – Surface Technology
H. Dimigen, Fraunhofer-Inst. f. Schicht- und Oberflächentechnik IST, Braunschweig (D)
Topic H – Nano- and Microtechnology
J. Haußelt, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (D)
G. Müller (Editor)
Ceramics – Processing,
Reliability, Tribology and
Wear
EUROMAT 99 – Volume 12
Deutsche Gesellschaft Weinheim · New York · Chichester
für Materialkunde e.V. Brisbane · Singapore · Toronto
Editors:
Prof. Dr. G. Müller
Fraunhofer-Institut für Silicatforschung
Neunerplatz 2
97082 Würzburg
Germany
This book was carefully procuced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No. applied for.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
A catalogue record for this publication is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek
ISBN 3-527-30194-1
© WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmbh, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2000
Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free paper.
All rights reserved (including those of translation in other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into machine language
without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when
not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Composition: WGV Verlagsdienstleistungen GmbH, Weinheim
Printing: betz-druck, Darmstadt
Bookbinding: Buchbinderei Osswald, Neustadt/Wstr.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Preface
Engineering progress essentially depends on the availability and the intelligent use of materials.
For many key industry areas, Europe constitutes a premier place for the development of new
materials and their applications. EUROMAT 99, the biannual meeting of the Federation of
European Materials Societies with its 21 member societies across Europe set out to become the
most comprehensive European event to demonstrate the wide range of the interdisciplinary
performance of materials.
EUROMAT was essentially focused on applications of materials with high innovation
potential. At the same time, fundamental approaches and processing related aspects for uncon-
ventional materials were addressed. In the frame of the 12 conference topics, 1650 papers were
originally submitted to the 52 symposia. A total of 655 have been selected as oral presentation
by the international group of chairpersons and were presented in 161 sessions. Further, the
chairpersons have selected 65 renowned experts for keynote lectures in the frame of their
symposium. Roughly 700 papers were displayed as posters.
The scope of EUROMAT was truly international. Papers originated from 57 countries.
Among them the major industrial countries of the world have contributed considerably to the
wealth of the programme. An overwhelming Eastern European contingent shows that there is a
strong interest of these countries in international cooperation.
EUROMAT 99 represents a showcase of the competence of the European materials societies.
Various European sister societies and federations act as cosponsors of the event. Joining with
FEMS, they are about to establish the network MatNet in order to promote and facilitate their
communication and cooperation. They have started a dialogue with the European Commission
in order to discuss programme goals and priorities for maintaining Europe´s global competitive-
ness. In view of this promising international perspective, the European Community has agreed
to sponsor EUROMAT 99 generously for which we are very grateful. EUROMAT 99 was focused
to a large extent on the aims of the closing 4th Framework Programme many projects of which
were presented.
EUROMAT 99 was hosted by WERKSTOFFWOCHE, a multisociety joint conference
project established in Germany in 1996. Among its initiators is the Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde, one of the founding member societies of FEMS and technical organiser of this
year´s EUROMAT.
EUROMAT 99 represented an outstanding success. As the President of FEMS, I would
hope that it will serve as a model for future meetings, both in terms of organisation and
international cooperation. I would like to extend my gratitude to the scientists, chairpersons and
coordinators as well as to the various organisations and particularly to the Messe München who
have made this success possible.
Dr. Paul Costa
President of the Federation of European Materials Societies
Contents
I. Ceramics Processing
Supercritical Extraction of Binders from Green Ceramic Compacts
T. Chartier, E. Delhomme, J. F. Baumard, SPCTS-UMR CNRS, ENSCI, Limoges (F);
P. Marteau, R. Tufeu, LIMHP-UPR CNRS, Institut Galilée, Villetaneuse (F)..........................3
Ceramic Oxide (MeO ) Solid Solutions Obtained by Mechanical Alloying
2
F. Bondioli, P. Veronesi, C. Leonelli, T. Manfredini, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia (I)......................................................................................................................11
Effects of Sintering Atmosphere and Sintering Time on Gas Emission Behavior of Alumina
During Fracture under Ultrahigh Vacuum
M. Matsumoto, S. Kuramoto, M. Kanno, The University of Tokyo (J);
S. Kitaoka, H. Matsubara, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Atsuta-Ku, Nagoya-shi (J).............17
Influence of Magnesia on Sintering of Transition Alumina
C. Legros, F. Herbst, C. Carry, Université de Paris-Sud, ORSAY Cedex (F).........................23
High-Performance Composite Ceramics with AlN Matrix
R. Schober, E. Mählig, IKTS Dresden (D)...............................................................................29
The Use of Coalescence in Microstructural Design
J. Adam, R. Telle, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (D).....................35
Microstructure of Boride Ceramics in the Ternary System TiB -WB -CrB
2 2 2
C. Schmalzried, R. Telle, RWTH Aachen (D)...........................................................................40
Ceramic Composites from Bioorganic Derived Materials
H. Sieber, P. Greil, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (D)....................................................45
Materials and Processing for Ceramic Flat Membranes
J. Adler, R. Lenk, H.-J. Richter, Fraunhofer Institut für Keramische Technologien und
Sinterwerkstoffe, Dresden (D)..................................................................................................50
Dependence of the Mechanical Properties on Low Nano-SiC Particle Content of Hot Pressed
Alumina
M. Wilhelm, W. Wruss, University of Technology of Vienna (A).............................................56
Synthesis, Processing and Sintering of Nanosized Alpha Alumina Powder
G. R. Karagedov, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry,
Novosibirsk (RUS)....................................................................................................................63
Stereolithography for Ceramic Part Manufacturing
F. Doreau, C. Chaput, Centre de Transfert de Technologies Céramique, Limoges (F);
T. Chartier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramiques Industrielles, Limoges (F)..............69
Ceramics – Processing, Reliability, Tribology and Wear. Edited by G. Müller.
© WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim. ISBN: 3-527-30194-1
VIII
Rapid Manufacturing of Ceramic Microcomponents
R. Knitter, W. Bauer, B. Linner-Krcmar, E. Hansjosten, Forschungszentrum
Karlsruhe GmbH (D)................................................................................................................75
Pressure Casting of SiC Suspensions
H. von Both, R. Oberacker, M. J. Hoffmann, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), (D);
M. Thommes, QUANTACHROME GmbH, Odelzhausen (D)...................................................81
Material and Technology Development for Microwave Sintering of High Performance
Ceramics
M. Willert-Porada, University of Bayreuth (D);
G. Dhupia, Industrie-Ofenbau Rudolf Brands GmbH (D);
G. Müller, University of Stuttgart (D);
A. Nagel, Ceram Tec AG, G. Wötting, cfi GmbH (D)..............................................................87
Microstructure of Sinters Produced from Al-Ni-Al O Composite Powders
2 3
A. Olszowka-Myalska, B. Formanek, A. Maiejny, K. Szopinski, Silesian University of
Technology, Katowice (PL)......................................................................................................94
Processing and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride (RBSN)
A. Herzog, G. Woetting, CFI Ceramics for Industry GmbH & Co.KG, Roedental (D)...........99
A Novel CMC Material for Train Brake Systems
Z. S. Rak, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN, Petten.......................................108
Reactive Spray Forming as a Novel Process for the Production of Ceramic Components
M. Kuntz, S. Dierkes, G. Grathwohl, Universität Bremen (D)...............................................114
Thermal Analysis of Si-C-N Ceramics Derived from Polysilazanes
J. Peng, H. J. Seifert, F. Aldinger, Universität Stuttgart (D).................................................120
Surface Modification of Mica with TiO Powders Prepared by Alkoxide Hydrolysis Method
2
S.-P. Han, S.-C. Choi, Hanyang Univ., Seoul (ROK);
S.-H. Lee, Technology & Research Institute of KORES, Seoul (ROK)..................................127
Indirect Characterization of Modified Silicon Nitride Powders by Chromatography
S. Vieth, E. Mitzner, D. Linke, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus (D)........134
Studies Upon Automated Manufacturing of Tubes with Thick Superalumina Ceramic Walls
Destined for Electronics and Electrotechnique Industries
C. S. Dumitru, M. E. Mangra, University of Craiova (RO);
H. I. Niciu, MATPUR Manufacturing Enterprise, Bucaresti (RO)........................................139
Rapid Prototyping of Complex-Shaped Parts of Si/SiC-Ceramics by Laser Sintering
W. Löschau, Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Dresden (D);
R. Lenk, Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Sinterwerkstoffe IKTS,
Dresden (D)............................................................................................................................145
IX
Large Alumina Parts from an Aqueous Suspension: Hydrolysis Assisted Solidification (HAS)
S. Novak, T. Kosmac, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana (SLO)...............................................150
Micro Powder Injection Molding
V. Piotter, T. Benzler, T. Gietzelt, R. Ruprecht, J. Haußelt, Forschungszentrum
Karlsruhe GmbH (D)..............................................................................................................156
Study of Sintering of Oxide Ceramics at Constant Rate of Heating and by means of Rate-
Controlled Sintering Method
K. Maca, H. Hadraba, J. Cihlar, Brno University of Technology (CZ).................................161
Rheology of Water-Based Tape Casting Slurries
B. Bitterlich, Technical University of Clausthal (D);
C. Lutz, A. Roosen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (D)..................................................167
Liquid Phase Sintered SiC with SiO Additive
2
H. Ye, G. Rixecker, F. Aldinger, Universität Stuttgart (D)....................................................172
Pressureless Sintering of Alumina-Glass Composites
M. M. Lima, R. Monteiro, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica (P)...............178
Processing of Mullite Ceramics Using Fly Ash and Alumina
N. Quaranta, S. Camelli, M. Caligaris, E. Benavidez, R. Caligaris, Universidad Tecnológica
Nacional, San Nicolás (RA);
A. R. Boccaccini, Technische Universität Ilmenau (D);
H. Kern, Technische Universität Ilmenau (D)........................................................................184
High Temperature Behaviour of Liquid Phase Sintered Silicon Carbide
G. Magnani, G. L. Minoccari, L. Pilotti, ENEA-Innovation Department–Faenza Research
Centre, Faenza (I)...................................................................................................................189
Experimental Verification of Mechanical Properties – Porosity Relationships for Porous
Silicon Carbide Materials.
C. Reynaud, F. Thevenot, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St-Etienne (D)............195
Processing of SiC-Ceramics with Cellular Microstructure
C. Hoffmann, A. Kaindl, H. Sieber, P. Greil, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (D).........201
The Conversion Process of Cellulose Fiber into Ceramic Fibers
E. Vogli, H. Friedrich, H. Sieber, P. Greil, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (D).............207
Preparation and Properties of Novel Nb- and Ti-based Metal Reinforced Alumina Composites
with Interpenetrating Microstructure
R. Günther, T. Klassen, GKSS Research Centre, Geesthacht (D);
B. Dickau, A. Bartels, R. Bormann, Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg (D);
F. Gärtner, University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg (D).....................................213
Study of Structure and Some Properties of Whiskerizated Silicon Carbide Fibers
L. R. Vishnyakov, V. A. Dubok, L. N. Pereselentseva, K. L. Vishnyakova, Institute for
Problems of Materials Science of NAS of Ukraine, Kiev (RUS)............................................219
X
In-situ Tensile Testing of SiCp-Al Metal Matrix Composite Produced by Laser Embedding
V. Ocelík, A. Vreeling, Y. Pei, J. T. M. De Hosson, University of Groningen (NL)...............223
Elaboration of Ceramics Composites in the System Alumina-Mullite-Zirconia
F. Belnou, D. Gœuriot, F. Valdivieso, F. Thevenot, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines,
Saint-Etienne (F)....................................................................................................................229
Microstructural Development and High Frequency Characterization of Bulk YBa Cu O
2 3 7-x
Superconductors
A. Brendel, R. Heidinger, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (D)...............................................235
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of (Y Ca )Ba Cu Ni O -delta Ceramics
1-y y 2 3-x x 7
I. G. Deac, E. Burzo, V. Pop, R. Tetean, Faculty of Physics, "Babes-Bolyai"
University, Cluj-Napoca (RO)................................................................................................241
Formation and Properties of Poly(siloxane) Derived Ceramic Foams
T. Gambaryan-Roisman, M. Scheffler, T. Takahashi, P. Buhler, P. Greil, University of
Erlangen-Nuernberg (D)........................................................................................................247
Development of Advanced High-Temperature Vacuum Furnaces
G. Rothlauf, BAYTEX Handels-GmbH, Unterschleißheim (D);
V. P. Grictenko, V. D. Karpenko, S. A. Uvarov, V. A. Borkovskih, N. N. Borkovskih, State
Plant "Uglecomposite", Zaporozhye (UA).............................................................................252
New Aluminium/Carbon-Based Ceramic Compounds
F. D. Meyer, H. Hillebrecht, Universität Bayreuth (D).........................................................256
Large-Scale Ceramics Composite Structures via Near Net-Shape Processing of Carbon
Preforms
C. Müller, S. Walter, U. Papenburg, W. Pfrang, Industrieanlagen-Betriebsgesellschaft mbH,
Ottobrunn (D).........................................................................................................................261
II. Ceramics Processing at Low Temperatures
Colloidal Processing of Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide
A. Tschöpe, J. Markmann, R. Birringer, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken (D).......269
Direct Coagulation Casting and Gel-casting: Two Innovative Ceramic Forming Technologies
W. Burger, CeramTec AG, Plochingen (D);
A. Krell, FHG-IKTS, Dresden (D);
D. Stock, Kliniken HEH, Braunschweig (D);
L. Claes, Unfallchir. Forsch. u. Biomech., Ulm (D)..............................................................274
Molecular Routes to Advanced Materials: Synthesis of NdAlO Ceramic and NdAlO /Al O
3 3 2 3
Composite From Single Source Precursors
S. Mathur, M. Veith, N. Lecerf, N. Donia, V. Huch, H. Shen, S. Hüfner, University of
Saarland, Saarbrücken (D).....................................................................................................282
XI
Deposition of Titania Thin Films on different functionalized Organic Self-Assembled
Monolayers
T. P. Niesen, J. Bill, F. Aldinger, Universität Stuttgart (D)...................................................289
Effect of Li, Ca and Sn Doping on Anatase Stability
X. Bokhimi, A. Morales, M. Aguilar, A. García-Ruiz, The National Polytechnic Institute
(IPN), México D. F. (MEX)....................................................................................................295
Contribution to the Determination of Residual Stresses in Carbon-Long-Fibre-Reinforced
Ceramics
B. Wielage, U. Zesch, TU Chemnitz (D).................................................................................302
Influence of Al Reactive Filler on the Carbon Redistribution During Pyrolysis of Poly
(Siloxanes)
M. Scheffler, P. Buhler, P. Greil, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (D).............................307
Elaboration of Low Temperature and Shrinkage Mullite Derived from Filled Siloxane
T. Michalet, M. Parlier, Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales, DMSC,
Châtillon (F);
J. Crampon, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq (F).........312
Direct Electroless Plating of ZrO Powder
2
G. Wen, Z. X. Guo, C. K. L. Davies, University of London (UK)...........................................318
Structural Evolution of a Stoichiometric Silicon Oxycarbide from Gel Through Glass to
Decomposition
H. Brequel, L. Schiffini, Dipartimento di Chimica, Sassari (I);
S. Enzo, Unità INFM Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, Venezia (I)......................................324
III. Reliability
Reliability of Ceramic Valve Plates for Common-Rail Injection Pumps
R. Speicher, G. A. Schneider, V. Knoblauch, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg (D);
W. Dreßler, G. Lindemann, H. Böder, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart (D)...........................333
Failure Mechanisms During Thermal Shock Testing of Advanced Ceramics by Means of
Lampf Irradiation
V. Knoblauch, G. A. Schneider, R. Speicher, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg (D);
W. Dreßler, H. Böder, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart (D);
G. Schneider, Polytechnic Aalen (D);
L. Jeannel, Institut Francais de Mecanique Avancée (F).......................................................343
Design and Production of High Reliability Soda-lime Silicate Glass
V. M. Sglavo, M. Bonafini, Università di Trento (I)...............................................................353
High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Si-B-C-N Precursor-Derived Amorphous
Ceramics
M. Christ, G. Thurn, J. Bill, F. Aldinger, Universität Stuttgart (D).......................................359
