Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 5

177 Pages·2010·1.89 MB·English

Ceramics in Nuclear
and Alternative
Energy Applications
Ceramics in Nuclear
and Alternative
Energy Applications
A Collection of Papers Presented at the
30th International Conference on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites
January 22-27,2006,
Cocoa Beach, Florida
Editor
Sharon Marra
General Editors
Andrew Wereszczak
Edgar Lara-C ur zio
EICLNTLNNIAL
EIC.NTENNIAL
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
Copyright Q 2007 by the American Ceramics Society. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Preface vii
Introduction ix
Irradiation Effects in Ceramics
(GenlV) Next Generation Nuclear Power and Requirements for 3
Standards, Codes and Data Bases for Ceramic Matrix Composites
Michael G. Jenkins, Edgar Lara-Curzio, and William E. Windes
Determination of Promising Inert Matrix Fuel Compounds 11
C. R. Stanek, J. A. Valdez, K. E. Sickafus, K. J. McClellan, and R. W. Grimes
Densification Mechanism and Microstructural Evolution of Sic 19
Matrix in NlTE Process
Kazuya Shirnoda, Joon-Soon Park, Tatsuya Hinoki, and Akira Kohyama
Optimization of Sintering Parameters for Nitride Transmutation 29
Fuels
John T. Dunwoody, Christopher R. Stanek, Kenneth J. McClellan,
Stewart L. Voit, Thomas Hartmann, Kirk Wheeler, Manuel Parra,
and Pedro D. Peralta
Ceramics in Non-Thermal Plasma Discharges for Hydrogen 39
Generation
R. Vintila, G. Mendoza-Suarez,J . A. Kozinski, and R. A. L. Drew
Piezoelectric Ceramic Fiber Composites for Energy Harvesting to 47
Power Electronic Components
Richard Cass, Farhad Mohammadi, and Stephen Leschin
Design Factor Using a SiC/SiC Composites for Core Component 55
of Gas Cooled Fast Reactor. I: Hoop Stress
Jae-Kwang Lee and Masayuki Naganuma
V
Characterizations of Ti3SiC2a s Candidate for the Structural Materials 65
of High Temperature Reactors
Fabienne Audubert, Guillaurne Abrivard, and Christophe Tallaron
Influence of Specimen Type and Loading Configuration on the 77
Fracture Strength of Sic Layer in Coated Particle Fuel
T. S. Byun, S. G. Hong, L. L. Snead, and Y. Katoh
Investigation of Aluminides as Potential Matrix Materials for Inert 89
Matrix Nuclear Fuels
Darrin D. Byler, Kenneth J. McClellan, James A. Valdez, Pedro D. Peralta,
and Kirk Wheeler
Fluidised Bed Chemical Vapour Deposition of Pyrolytic Carbon 101
E. Lopez Honorato, P. Xiao, G. Marsh, and T. Abrarn
Ceramics for Advanced Nuclear and Alternative
Energy Applications
Strength Testing of Monolithic and Duplex Silicon Carbide Cylinders 117
in Support of Use as Nuclear Fuel Cladding
Denwood F. Ross, Jr. and William R. Hendrich
Subcritical Crack Growth in Hi-Nicalon Type-S Fiber CVI-SiC/SiC 127
Composites
Charles H. Henager, Jr.
Electrical Conductivity of Proton Conductive Ceramics Under 145
Reactor irradiation
Tatsuo Shikarna, Bun Tsuchiya, Shinji Nagata, and Kentaro Toh
The Effects of Irradiation-InducedS welling of Constituents on 157
Mechanical Properties of Advanced SiC/SiC Composites
Kazurni Ozawa, Takashi Nozawa, and Tatsuya Hinoki, and Akira Kohyarna
Behaviors of Radioluminescence of Optical Ceramics for Nuclear 169
Applications
T. Shikarna, S. Nagata, K. Toh, 6. Tsuchiya, and A. lnouye
Author Index 179
vi . Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications
Preface
In January 2006, The American Ceramic Society's (ACerS) Nuclear and Environ-
mental Technology Division supported ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division with
their sponsorship of The 30th International Conference and Exposition on Ad-
vanced Ceramics and Composites. The meeting was held January 22-27, 2006 in
Cocoa Beach, Florida. A symposium on Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Ener-
gy Applications was held. This volume documents a number of the papers present-
ed. The symposium was extremely well received and offered some diverse topics to
this well established conference. Papers from several countries were presented on
timely topics such as dealing with alternative energy sources and ceramics in nu-
clear applications.
The success of the symposium and the proceedings wouldn't have been possible
without the support and guidance of the staff at The American Ceramic Society.
Our thanks to the ACerS Engineering Ceramics Division for allowing us to partner
with them in this successful meeting. We look forward to future partnerships. Also,
thanks to the session chairs - Jim Marra, David Peeler, Connie Herman, Tim
Burchell, and Lance Snead.
SHAROMNA RRA
YUTAKI ATOH
DANES PEARING
vii
Introduction
This book is one of seven issues that comprise Volume 27 of the Ceramic Engineer-
ing & Science Proceedings (CESP). This volume contains manuscripts that were
presented at the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramic and Compos-
ites (ICACC) held in Cocoa Beach, Florida January 22-27, 2006. This meeting,
which has become the premier international forum for the dissemination of infor-
mation pertaining to the processing, properties and behavior of structural and multi-
fbnctional ceramics and composites, emerging ceramic technologies and applica-
tions of engineering ceramics, was organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division
(ECD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) in collaboration with ACerS Nu-
clear and Environmental Technology Division (NETD).
The 30th ICACC attracted more than 900 scientists and engineers from 27 coun-
tries and was organized into the following seven symposia:
Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Com-
posites
Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental and Functional
Applications
3rd International Symposium for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications
Bioceramics and Biocomposites
Topics in Ceramic Armor
Synthesis and Processing of Nanostructured Materials
ix
The organization of the Cocoa Beach meeting and the publication of these pro-
ceedings were possible thanks to the tireless dedication of many ECD and NETD
volunteers and the professional staff of The American Ceramic Society.
ANDREWA. WERESZCZAK
EDGARL AM-CURZIO
General Editors
Oak Ridge, TN (July 2006)
x . Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications
Irradiation Effects
in Ceramics
Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative
Energy Applications
Editor Sharon Marra
Copyright 0 2007 by the American Ceramics Society.
(GENIV) NEXT GENERATION NUCLEAR POWER AND REQUIREMENTS FOR
STANDARDS, CODES AND DATA BASES FOR CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
Michael G. Jenkins
University of Detroit Mercy
Detroit, MI 48221 USA
Edgar Lara-Curzio
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, TN 3783 1 USA
William E. Windes
Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
ABSTRACT
Innovative and novel applications of CMCs are critical to the success of GenIV: Next
Generation Nuclear Power (NGNP) plants. Regularity requirements (e.g., Nuclear Regulatory
Commission) demand the implementation of test standards, design codes and data bases for
CMCs as part of the licensing and approval of this new power plants. Significant progress on
standards, codes and databases for heat engine and aero applications has been made since 1991 ,
however new requirements (e.g., durability in extreme temperature and irradiation environments)
for CMC applications in NGNP require additional efforts. The current (2006) state of standards,
design codes and databases for CMCs is reviewed and discussed. Issues related to development,
verification and use of new standards, design codes, and database NGNP applications, including
international aspects, are presented and discussed
INTRODUCTION
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), although a still-emerging advanced material, may be
the only material of choice in Next Generation Nuclear Power (NGNP) plants because of their
low thermal expansion, resistance to degradation from irradiation and excellent retention of
mechanical properties at elevated temperatures under high pressures.’ (see Figure 1)
’’
Although CMCs possess many of the critical characteristics of advanced ceramic monoliths
(e.g., low density, high stiffness, elevated temperature capability, etc.) the have the advantage
of exhibiting increased “toughness” over their monolithic counterparts. Continuous fiber-
reinforced CMCs exhibit greatly increased “toughness” (i.e., nonlinear energy dissipation during
deformation) and therefore provide the inherent damage tolerance, volume/surface area
independent properties and attendant increased reliability that are critical in many engineering
applications where the brittleness of conventional advanced ceramics makes these materials
’
acceptable.
3