Table Of ContentBoll. Malacol., 45: 47-59(suppl. 2009)
Cephalopod research in the eastern Mediterranean
(East of 23°E): a review
Alp Salman
Ege University, Faculty Abstract
ofFisheries, Department Thisstudy presents an overviewofcephalopod research carried out in the Mediterranean Sea, East of23°E,
ofHydrobiology, 35100 Le., in the Levant basin, theAegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara. Relevantstudiesfocused on systematics,
Bornova Izmir,Turkey, zoogeographical distribution, fisheries, reproductive biology, larval development, and stomach contents
[email protected]
analyses.
Riassunto
Il presente lavoro propone una sinossi della ricerca teutologica condotta nel Mediterraneo orientale, a est
del meridiano 23°E, vale a dire nel bacino di Levante, nel Mar Egeo e nel Mare di Marmara, a partire da
Aristotele. Ricerche sistematiche sulla teutofauna di quest'area sono state svolte a far capo dai primi anni
'90. I più importanti studi sono stati rivolti alla sistematica, alla distribuzione geografica, alla scienza della
pesca, alla biologia della riproduzione, allo sviluppo larvale e all'analisi dei contenuti stomacali di predatori
teutofagi. In totale, fino a oggi sono stati registrati nel distretto geografico in questione 54specie di cefalo-
podi: 4 sepiidi, 13 sepiolidi, 23 teutidi e 14 ottopodi. Un rilievo particolare è rivestito dai migranti lessepsia-
ni provenienti da Mar Rosso (il sepnde Sepiapharaonis, il teutide Sepioteuthislessomana e gli ottopodi Oc-
topus cf. aegina/kagoshimensis e Octopus cyanea), le cui prime segnalazioni mediterranee sono occorse
proprio nel bacino orientale. In una tabella riassuntiva, è riportato l'elenco delle specie del Mediterraneo
orientale, con le referenze bibliografiche attinenti e il relativo soggetto di studio.
Key words
Cephalopoda, Mediterranean Sea, Levant basin, Aegean Sea, Sea of Marmara, review.
Generalities: records and distribution 30, with thecontributionofRugby &Knudsen (1972). In
later studies, Knudsen (1981, 1992) examined the speci-
The first cephalopod records in the eastern Mediterra- mensoftheDepartmentofZoology,Tel-AvivUniversity,
nean (and the ancient-most records worldwide) are giv- and reported aboutthree sepiolid speciesand thepelag-
enbyAristotle (350B.C.).AlongsilencefollowedAristo- ic octopus Tremodopus violnceus, adding this species to
tle'swork,tillhalfofthe 19thcentury,whenForbes(1844) the Mediterranean waters east of 23°E. Teuthological
reported about the presence and distribution of benthic studies based on bottom trawl data was carried out in
species in theAegean Sea. Later on, the Ottoman Sultan the Levant basin, south of Cyprus, by Demetropoulos
Abdulhamit asked Ostroumoff (1896) to carry out (1969, 1971),andanotherpelagicspecies.Argonautaargo,
benthos investigations in the Sea of Marmara and the was added to the Levant fauna by Popper et al. (1990).
Bosphorus, and a total ofthreecephalopod species were Preliminary studies on the cephalopods of the Turkish
reportedby that author. Within his comprehensive field sideoftheAegeanSeawerepresentedbyKatagan&Ko-
works in the Mediterraneanand neighbouringsea, Deg- cata$1990)totheCIESMcongressinPerpignan(France).
ner(1925) carriedoutexpeditions to theAegeanSea and Contemporarytothat, D'Onghiaetal. (1992) carried out
the Levant basin, collecting benthic as well as pelagic thefirstdetailedstudyon thecephalopodbiomassofthe
samples; from a total of 21 sampling stations located in northernAegeanSea,withintheresearchproject"Fourth
theeastern Mediterranean, threewere in theSea ofMar- Session of the Technical Consultation on Stock Assess-
mara, five in the Aegean Sea and four in the Levant ba- ment in the Eastern Mediterranean 1990-1991"; the ob-
sin, the rest being located between 15°E and 23°E. Dur- tained results were the object of several publications af-
ing the middle ofthe20th century, Digby (1949) reported terwards(D'Onghiaetal., 1993a,b;D'Onghia etal., 1994;
about thecephalopod specimens ofthe Istanbul Univer- D'Onghia et al., 1995; D'Onghia et al., 1996). Within a
sity Museum collection and some years later, Demir cooperation between Turkey and Japan, the research
(1952),inastudyfocusedontheinvertebratesoftheBos- project "Demersal Fisheries Resource Survey in the Re-
phorous, mentioned some cephalopod species; immedi- publicofTurkey"tookplacebetween 1991 and 1993,and
ately afterwards, the first checklist of the teuthofauna cephalopods resources were studied from the Sea of
living in the waters east of 23°E was made available Marmara to the northeastern Mediterranean coasts of
(Rees, 1955). Adam (1967) also carried out studies in the Turkey by JICA, the "Japan International Cooperation
eastern Mediterranean, and reported 23 species in the Agency".
waters east of 23°E; that number was then increased to Other results obtained from the Sea of Marmara, the
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
SEPIIDA
SepiaofficinalisLinnaeus, 1758 Forbes, 1844 D AS
Gruvel, 1931 D L
Bodenheimer, 1937 D L
Demir, 1952 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Alp Katagan& Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
Salman D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salmanetal., 1988 D L
Salmanetal.,2001 SCM AS
Beicarietal.,2002 C AS
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Laptikhovskyetal.,2003 RB AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Ònsoy&Salman,2004 RB AS,L
Salman,2004 SCF AS
SepiapharaonisEhrenberg, 1831 Mienis,2003b D L
Sepiaelegans Blainville, 1827 Digby, 1949 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D, B AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
SepiaorbignyanaFérussac, 1826 Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Katagan& Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D,B AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D L
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
SEPIOLIDA
SepiolarondeletiiLeach, 1817 Forbes, 1844 D AS
Demir, 1952 D SM
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou & Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
48
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
SepioinajfinisNaef, 1912 D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
SepiolaintermedinNaef, 1912 D'Onghiaetal, 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Salman&Ònsoy,2004 F AS
Lefkaditou &Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
SepioinligulataNaef, 1912 D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS Cephalopod
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris,2005 A,B AS
research
SepioinrobustnNaef,1912 Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS in
Salmanetal., 1998 D L the
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS eastern
Salman&Ònsoy,2004 F AS
SepioinsteenstrupinnaLevy, 1912 Knudsen, 1981 D L
Salmanetal., 1998 D L Mediterranean
Salman&Ònsoy,2004 F L
Rondeletioln minor(Naef, 1912) Adam, 1967 D L (East
Knudsen, 1981 D L of
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS 23°E):
Kataganetal., 1993 D AS a
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS review
Salman& Katagan, 1996 RB AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
Sepiettnoweninna (Orbigny, 1841) Ostroumoff, 1896 (asSepioinoweninna) D SM
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D, M L
Katagan& Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salman, 1998 RB L
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris, 1999 MC AS
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Lefkaditou& Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
SepiettaneglectaNaef, 1916 Digby, 1949 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris, 1998 RB AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris, 1999 MC AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou &Kaspiris,2005 A,B AS
49
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Sepiettapetersi(Steenstrup, 1887) (S. obscuraNaef, Ostroumoff, 1896(asSepiolapetersi) D SM
1916) Knudsen, 1981 (asSepiettaobscura) D L
Kataganetal., 1993 (asSepiettaobscura) D SM
Salmanetal.,2002(asSepiettaobscura) D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003(asSepiettaobscura) D AS
Rossiamacrosoma (DellaChiaje, 1839) D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1994 B AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Alp Salmanetal.,2002 D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou&Kaspiris,2005 A,B AS
Salman Mienis,2005a D L
Neorossiacaroli (Joubin, 1902) D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1993b D,E AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditou &Kaspiris,2005 A, B AS
Heteroteuthisdispar(Rüppell, 1844) Degner, 1925 D AS
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby &Knudsen, 1972 D L
Roper, 1974 D L
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JE, D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
TEUTHIDA
Myopsina
Loligovulgaris Lamarck, 1798 Gruvel, 1931 D L
Bodenheimer, 1937 D L
Demir, 1952 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby & Knudsen, 1972 D L
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Sen,2004 AQ AS
Sen,2005 AQ AS
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
LoligoforbesiSteenstrup, 1856 D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Salman & Laptikhovsky,2002 E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
50
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Alloteuthis media (Linnaeus, 1758) Digby, 1949 D SM
Demir, 1952 (asLoligomarinóme) D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D L
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
Kataganetal, 1993 D SM
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM
Salmanetal.,2002 D L Cephalopod
Laptikhovskyetal.,2002 S, B AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 (asLoligomedia) SCF AS research
Laptikhovskyetal.,2005 S, B AS,L in
AlloteuthissubulataLamarck, 1798 Gruvel, 1931 D L the
Rees, 1955 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D, M L eastern
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS Mediterranean
SepioteuthislessonianaFérussac, 1830 Salman& Katagan,2002 D L
Salman,2003 D L
(East
Oegopsina of
Abraliaveranyi(Riippell, 1844) Adam, 1967 D L 23°E):
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L a
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS review
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Mienis,2004b D L
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Salman& Laptikhovsky,2005 F AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
Abraliopsismorisii(Verany, 1839) Degner, 1925 D AS, L
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2003(asA. pfefferi) D AS
Ancistrocheiruslesueurii(Orbigny, 1842) Salmanetal.,2002 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salmanetal.,2003 ID AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
Pyroteuthismargaritifera(Riippell, 1844) Degner, 1925 D L
Rees, 1955 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Roper, 1974 D L
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JE, E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2005 JD AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
OdopoteuthissicalaRiippell, 1844 Degner, 1925 (asOctopodoteutliissicula) D L
Rees, 1955 D L
51
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Digby, 1949 (asOctopodoteuthissicula) D SM
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972(asOctopodoteuthissicula) D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
Onychoteuthisbanksi(Leach, 1817) Degner, 1925 D AS
Rees, 1955 D AS
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Roper, 1974 D L
Alp Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salman Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
AncistroteuthislichtensteiniiFérussac, 1835 Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2000 D AS
Salmanetal.,2002 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Histioteuthisbonnellii(Férussac, 1835) D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
Histioteuthisreversa(Verril, 1880) D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
Chtenopteryxsicula (Verany, 1851) Degner, 1925 D L
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Roper, 1974 D L
Mienis, 1995 D L
Lefkaditouetal., 2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 [D AS
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
Brachioteuthisriisei(Steenstrup, 1882) Degner, 1925 D AS,L
Rees, 1955 D AS, L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2000 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Oztürketal.,2007 SCM AS
lllexcoindetii(Verany,1839) Degner, 1925 D SM
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D, B AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
52
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2005 |D,A AS
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Todarodessagittatus (Lamarck, 1798) Demir, 1952(asOmmatostrephessagittatus D SM
)
Demetropoulos, 1969 (asOmmatostrephes D L
sagittatus)
Demetropoulos,1971 (asOmmatostrephes D L
sagittatus)
Katagan& Kocatas, 1990 D AS Cephalopod
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS research
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L in
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS the
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS eastern
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
Todaropsiseblanae(Ball, 1841) Adam, 1967 D L Mediterranean
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM (East
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS of
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS 23°E):
Salmanetal., 1998 D L a
Kabasakal,2002 SCF AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS review
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Ommastrephesbartramii(Lesueur,1821) Salmanetal., 1992 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
ThysanoteuthisrhombusTroschel, 1857 Vardala-Theodorouetal., 1991 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Chiroteuthisveranii(Férussac, 1835) Degner, 1925 D SM
Rees, 1955 D SM
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D L
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Roberts,2003 SCM L
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Oztiirketal.,2007 SCM AS
GaìiteuthisarmataJoubin, 1898 Degner, 1925 (asTaonidiumpfefferi) D L
Rees, 1955(asTaonidiumpfefferi) D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972(asTaonidiumpfefferi) D L
OCTOPODA
OctopusvulgarisCuvier, 1797 Forbes, 1844 D AS
Degner, 1925 D SM
Gruvel, 1931 D L
Bodenheimer, 1937 D L
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demir, 1952 D SM
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Demetropoulus,1971 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Baras&Danin, 1988 D AS
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Kallianatosetal.,2001 C AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Alp Salmanetal.,2003 JE,D AS
Katsanevakis&Verriopoulus,2004 A AS
Salman Lefkaditouetal.,2005 JD,A AS
OctopuscyaneaGray, 1849 Mienis,2003a D L
OctopusdefilippiVerany, 1851 Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Octopuscf.aegina/kagoshimensisOrtmann, 1888 Salmanetal., 1999 D,B AS,L
Salman &Katagan,2002 (as Octopusaegina) D L
Mienis,2005b (asOctopuscf.aegina) D L
Salmanetal.,2005 (asOctopuskagoshiinensis) F L
Octopus macropus Risso, 1826 Gruvel, 1931 D L
Bodenheimer, 1937 D L
Demir, 1952 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby &Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Barash& Danin, 1988 D AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman, 2004 SCF AS
OctopussalutiiVerany, 1839 Rubty &Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Lefkaditouetal., 1999 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Pteroctopustetracirrhus(DelleChiaje, 1830) Adam, 1967 D L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2005 JD AS
Scaeurgusunicirrhus (DelleChiaje, 1839) Degner, 1925 D AS
Rees, 1955 D AS
Adam, 1967 D L
Ruby &Knudsen, 1972 D L
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Lefkaditou etal.,2003 D AS
Mienis,2004a D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2005 JD AS
54
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
Eledonemoschata (Lamarck, 1798) Gruvel, 1931 D L
Bodenheimer, 1937 D L
Digby, 1949 D SM
Demir, 1952 D SM
Rees, 1955 D L
Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969(asOzaena moschata) D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 (asOzaena moschata) D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D,M L
Barash & Danin, 1988 D AS
Katagan &Kocatas, 1990 D AS
D'Onghiaetah, 1992 D AS
Kataganetal., 1993 D SM Cephalopod
D'Onghiaetah, 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D,A L research
Salman&Katagan, 1999 D AS in
Ünsaletal., 1999 E SM the
Salmanetal.,2000 A,E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2001 C,A AS eastern
Salman,etal,2001 SCM AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Ònsoy&Salman,2004 RB AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS Mediterranean
Eledonecirrhosa (Lamarck, 1798) Ostroumoff, 1896(as Eledonealdrovandi) D SM
Adam, 1967 D L (East
D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D, B AS of
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
Lefkaditou& Papaconstantinou, 1995 D,M AS 23°E):
Tursietal., 1995 B AS a
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D,C AS review
Salman &Katagan, 1999 D,A AS
Ünsal etal., 1999 E SM
Salmanetal,2000 A,E AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2001 C AS
Salmanetal.,2002 D L
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2005 JD AS
Bathypolypussponsalis (Fischer& Fischer, 1892) D'Onghiaetal., 1992 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1993a B AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1995 D AS
D'Onghiaetal., 1996 E AS
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salmanetal.,2001 SCM AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
TremoctopusviolaceusDellaChiaje, 1830 Knudsen, 1992 D, B L
Vardala-Theodorou, 1994 D AS
Salmanetal.,2002 D AS
Laptikhovsky&Salman,2003 RB AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Ocythoetubercolata Rafinesque, 1814 Robson, 1932 D L
Rees, 1955 D L
Ruby&Knudsen, 1972 D L
Katagan&Kocatas, 1990 D AS
Corsini &Lefkaditou, 1995 D, B AS
Laptikhovsky&Salman,2003 RB AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
55
SPECIES REFERENCES RS SEA
ArgonautaargoLinnaeus, 1758 Adam, 1967 D L
Demetropoulos, 1969 D L
Demetropoulus, 1971 D L
Ruby& Knudsen, 1972 D L
Popperetal., 1990 D L
Salmanetal., 1997 D AS
Salmanetal., 1998 D L
Laptikhovsky&Salman,2003 RB AS
Lefkaditouetal.,2003 D AS
Salmanetal.,2003 JD AS
Salman,2004 SCF AS
Alp Peristerakietal.,2005 SCF AS
Òzturketal.,2007 SCM AS
Salman
Tab. 1.Listofcephalopodspeciesoftheeastern Mediterraneanandtheirrelevantreferences, Inchronologicalorder,with researchsubject, RS(A: abun-
dance;AQ:aquaculture; B: biology; C:catchrecord; D: distribution; E:ecology; F:fecundity;JD:juveniledistribution;JE;juvenileecology; M: maturation;
MC: morphometriccharacteristics; RB: reproductivebiology;S:systematics;SCM: mammalsstomachcontents; SCF:fishstomachcontents)anddistribu-
tion, SEA(AS: Aegean Sea; L: Levantbasin; SM: SeaofMarmara). SpeciesnomenclatureaccordingtoSweeney&Roper(1998).
Tab. 1. Lista dei cefalopodi del Mediterraneo orientale e principali riferimenti bibliografiche, in ordine cronologico, con soggetto dello studio, RS (A
abbondanza; AQ: acquicoltura; B: biologia; C: cattureoccasionali; D: distribuzione; E: ecologia; F: fecondità; JD: distribuzionedi stadi giovanili; JE: eco-
logia di stadi giovanili; M: maturazione; MC: caratteristichemorfometriche; RB: biologia della riproduzione; S: sistematica; SCM: contenuti stomacali di
mammiferi; SCF: contenutistomacalidi pesci)eareale, SEA(AS: MarEgeo; L: bacinodiLevante; SM: Mardi Marmara). Nomenclaturaspecificasecondo
Sweeney& Roper(1998).
Aegean Sea, the waters north of Cyprus and off the Biological studies: reproduction, fecundity,
coasts ofTurkey were reported by Katagan et al. (1993), feeding strategies
Salman et al. (1997, 1998) and Salman & Katagan (2004),
respectively. The fisheries and abundance ofsome com- After the clarification of the general outlines of the teu-
mercial species in the Aegean Sea were studied by Sal- thofauna composition and distribution, scientific re-
man & Katagan (1999), Salman et al. (2000), Kallianiotis search addressed basic biological aspects of species life
et al. (2001), and Lefkaditou etal. (2001). Therecentmost cycle,includingspawningpotential,reproductivestrate-
faunisticstudyoftheSea ofMarmara wasconductedby gies and the relationship with different environmental
Ünsaletal. (1999),whileotherrecentstudiesintheTurk- features. Relevant studies can be grouped as follows:
ish waters and the Aegean Sea were carried out by Sal- Sepiida (Laptikhovsky et al., 2003; Ònsoy & Salman
man et al. (2002) and Lefkaditou et al. (2003). Finally, 2005), Sepiolida (Salman & Katagan, 1996; Lefkaditou &
four species were added to the Israeli teuthofauna by Kaspiris, 1998, 1999, 2005; Salman, 1998; Salman & On-
Mienis (1995, 2004a,b, 2005a). soy, 2004),Teuthida (Salman& Laptikhovsky, 2002; Lap-
tikhovskyetal,2002;Salman& Laptikhovsky,2005;Lap-
tikhovsky et al., 2005), and Octopoda (Lefkaditou & Pa-
Pelagic fauna and larval research paconstantinou, 1995; Tursi et al. 1995; Laptikhovsky &
Salman, 2003; Ònsoy & Salman, 2004; Salman et al.,
Relatively less is known on the pelagic Mediterranean 2005).
teuthofauna. This gap was filled to a certain extent by Food web dynamics is mostly addressed by studies fo-
Roper (1974) within the framework of a project carried cused onstomachcontentsanalysis, manyofwhichdeal
out by the Smithsonian Institution. Roper gathered im- with cephalopods in the diet of marine fishes (Kabasa-
portant information on the vertical distribution of pe- kal, 2002; Salman, 2004; Peristeraki et al., 2005) and ma-
lagic Mediterranean cephalopods, based on data ob- rinemammals(Salmanetal.,2001;Roberts,2003;Oztürk
tained from fivesamplingstations, two ofwhich located et al., 2007).
in the eastern basin. Other information on the distribu-
tion of pelagic cephalopods in the Aegean Sea comes
from Vardala-Theodorou et al. (1991), Katagan et al. The Red Sea immigrants
(1992), Vardala-Theodorou (1994), Corsini & Lefkaditou
(1995), and Lefkaditou et al. (2000). StudiesbyAdam(1955, 1959, 1960, 1973)onthecephalo-
The first study on larval and juvenile cephalopods was pod fauna of the Red Sea are important because they
carried outbyLefkaditou etal. (1999) intheAegean Sea, makeavailablevaluabledata onspeciesthatmayconsti-
followed by Salman et al. (2003) who also focused on tute "immigrants" to the Mediterranean Sea.
daily vertical migrations of larval and juvenile cephalo- Immigration of species from the Red Sea via the Suez
podsofftheTurkishAegean Seacoasts; Lefkaditou etal. Canal (Lessepsian migration) in fact, isa very important
(2005) also accomplished research along the coasts of aspect toconsiderwhen dealing with the local biodiver-
56 centralGreece. sity and gained increasing attention by the scientific
