Cephalopod assemblages caught by trawling along the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean)

2005·5.9 MB·English

by  Daniela Giordano

© SociedadEspañola deMalacologia Iberus, 23 (1): 33-42, 2005
Cephalopod assemblages caught by trawling along the
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean)
Asociaciones de cefalópodos capturados por la pesca de arrastre
comercial en el Tirreno meridional (Mediterráneo central)
Daniela GIORDANO*, Teresa BOTTARI* and Paola RINELLI*
Recibidoel26-11-2004.Aceptadoel27-IX-2004
ABSTRACT
TheteuthofaunaassemblagesoftheSouthernTyrrhenianSeaare¡dentified utilising data from
five trawl surveys. Atotal of 139 haulswere carried out ¡n late spring or the middle ofsum-
mer between 1995 and 1999, and 25 cephalopod species were found between 18 and
652 m ofdepth. Theassemblageswereanalysedwith the Bray-Curtissimilarity¡ndex. Depth
showed a positive correlation with cephalopod distribution. Four main cephalopod groups
weredefined: ¡nshore(10-100m), shelf(101-200m), slope (201-600m) and midslope (350-
600 m). Loligo mediawas the main species forthe firstgroup, ///excoindetüforthe second,
Todaropsis eblanae for the third group and Todorodes sagittatus for the lastgroup.
RESUMEN
Se identifican las asociaciones de teutofauna capturadas por los arrastreros comerciales en
el Tirreno meridional. Se analiza la fauna de cefalópodos recogida en 139 lances realiza-
dosen primavera o mediadosdel veranodurantecincocampañasde pesca dearrastre rea-
lizadas entre 1995 y 1999. Se identificaron 25 especies de cefalópodos capturadas entre
18 y652 m de profundidad. El análisis de las asociaciones faunísticas se realizó mediante
el índice de similitud de Bray-Curtis. La profundidad tiene una correlación positiva con la
distribución de loscefalópodos, pudiéndosedefinircuatrogrupos principales: costeroo lito-
ral (10-100 m), de la plataforma (101-200 m), del talud (201-600 m) y del talud medio
(350-600m). Loligomediafuela principalespeciedel primergrupo, ///excoindetüdelsegundo,
Todaropsis eblanae del tercero, y Todarodes sagittatus del último grupo.
KEYWORDS:Biogeography,cephalopods,trawlfishery,TyrrhenianSea,faunalassemblages,MediterraneanSea.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Biogeografia, cefalópodos, pesquería de arrastre, asociación faunistica, Mar Tirreno,
Mediterráneo.
INTRODUCTION
The geographic andbathymetric dis- QuetglasandSánchez,1998;Soriano,
tributionsofdemersalcephalopodshave SánchezLizasoandGuerra,2003;Vil-
beenstudiedindetailindifferentMediter- lanueva, 1995); the coasts ofLibya and
raneanáreas:WesternMediterraneanSea Tunisia (Bonnet, 1973); Mármara Sea
(Sartor,Belcari,Carbonell,González, (Katagan, Salman and Benli, 1993;
* Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero IAMC-CNR, Messina Section, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122
Messina, Italy. Correspondingauthor: DanielaGiordano. E-mail: [email protected]
33
Iberus, 23 (1), 2005
Unsal, Unsal, Erk and Kabasakal, the same specific composition during a
1999); Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Ruby lag time are useful even for manage-
and Knudsen, 1972; Knudsen, 1981; ment purposes (Biagi, Sartor, Ardiz-
Salman,KataganandBoletzky,1999); zone, Belcari, Belluscio and Serena,
LigurianSea(Relini,DeRossi,Pianoand 2002).
Zamboni, 2002; Bertuletti and Orsi In this respect, this work analyses
Relini,1986;OrsiReliniandBertuletti, the structure of cephalopod assem-
1989;Wurtz,1979;OrsiRelini,1995);Sar- blages, providing information concern-
dinianSea(Bonnet, 1965;Cuccu,Addis, ing their distribution for all four groups
DámeleandManfrinPiccinetti,2003); defined: inshore, shelf, slope and mids-
TyrrhenianSea (Berdar,Potoschi,Cav- lope.
allaro, Cavaliere and Li Greci, 1983;
BerdarandCavallaro, 1975; Lumare
1968, 1970; Belcari, Biagi, Biagi, De MATERIALAND METHODS
Ranieri, Morí and Pellegrini, 1986;
ManniniandVolpi, 1989; Belcariand The study área is situated in the
Sartor, 1993; Belcari, Sartorand De Southern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea
Ranieri, 1998; Wurtz, Matricardiand (central Mediterranean) between Suvero
Belcari, 1992; Spedicato, Minetti, Cape (Calabria) and San Vito Cape
Rebora, Matricardi andWurtz, 1990; (Sicily). The data here reported come
GiordaNOandPerdichizzi,1998;Bello fromfive trawlsurveys carried outfrom
andArculeo,1994;GiordanoandCar- 1995 to 1999, during the Medits project
bonara, 1999); Sicilian Channel (Jereb (International bottom trawl survey in
and Ragonese, 1991, 1994; Ragonese, the Mediterranean Sea). The experimen-
JerebandDiStefano,1992);AdriaticSea tal surveys were always conducted
(Bello and Motolese, 1983; Guescini during late spring or the middle of
andPiccrNETnManfrtn,1986;Gamulfn- summer. Hauls were carried out from
Brida and Ilijanic, 1972; Casali, one hour before dawn until one hour
Manfrin Piccinetti and Soro, 1998; after sunset. A fishing vessel equipped
Bello,1990;Pastorelli,Vaccarellaand with an experimental trawl net with 20
De Zio, 1995); Ionian Sea (Panetta, mm stretched mesh size in the cod-end,
D'Onghia,TursiandCecere,1986;Tursi and 2-2.5 m ofvertical opening (Fioren-
andD'Onghia,1992;D'Onghia,Matar- tini, Cosimi, Sala, Leonori and
rese, Tursi, Maiorano and Panetta, Palombo, 1999) was used. Atotal of 139
1995);CatalánSea(Mangold-Wirz,1963; hauls were carried out, randomly allo-
Sánchez Belcariand Sartor, 1998); cated intofivebathymetricalstrata: "A":
,
andAegeanSea (D'Onghiaetal., 1995; 10-50 m; "B": 51-100 m; "C": 101-200 m;
Salman,KataganandBenli,2002). "D": 201-500 m; "E": 501-800 m
In particular, assemblages of (Bertrand, Gilde Sola, Papaconstan-
cephalopod communities have been tinou,ReliniandSouplet 2002).
,
studied in different áreas of this basin The duration of each haul was 30
(Ungaro, Maraño,Marsan, Martino, minutes at depths less than 200 m and
Marzano, Strippoli and Vlora, 1999; one hour at greater depths. All the data
Tserpes, Peristeraki, Potamias and were standardised to one hour haul
Tsimenides, 1999; González and duration. All cephalopods were identi-
Sánchez, 2002; Quetglas, Carbonell fied and counted onboard. Amultivari-
and Sánchez, 2000). Information about ate approach, onthebasis ofthecalcula-
spatio-temporal distributions of these tion of a triangular similarity matrix
species and their linkage to environ- (group-average linkage), by depth, year
mental factors is necessary for the study and abundance (number of speci-
of many commercial species. The mens/hour), according to Bray and
studies focused on demersal assem- Curtís (1957), withrelative dendrogram
blages and in particular on their persis- and non metric plan Multi Dimensional
tence, such as the capability to maintain Scaling (MDS) was elaborated (Clarke
34
GlORDANO ETAL.: Cephalopod assemblages along the SouthernTyrrhenian Sea
Bray-Curtis Similarity
100 m 200 m
litoral shelf slope
Figure 1. Dendrogram showing similarities between hauls for the 1996 surveys. Mean depth of
eachhaul ispresented.
Figura 1. Dendrograma que muestra lassimilitudes entre losarrastresde 1996. Se indica laprofundi-
dadmediadecadaarrastre.
and Warwick, 1994). Because the to Bello (1986), within the bathymetri-
annual variations ofcephalopod distrib- cal range of each species, is reported. In
ution were not significant, the five particular, Onychoteuthis banksii,
surveys were pooled together to calcú- Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii and Abralia
late the total cluster. Hauls in which veranyi were caught only once during
only one species was caught and the theperiod studied.
species with abundance valúes lower The cephalopods collected were dis-
m
than 3 were not considered for the tributedbetween 18 and 652 ofdepth.
analysis. To establish which taxa con- The more coastal species was repre-
tributed most to the separation of one sented by Sepia officinalis, confined
group from another, theSIMPERroutine within the depth of 68 m. Fifty percent
was used (Clarke, 1993). Abundance of the species showed a wide bathymet-
valúes were also analysed by means of rical range that included the shelf and
univariate índices, in relation to the four the beginning of the slope. The widest
assemblages evidencedbycluster analy- distribution was shown by Eledone cir-
sis: total number of taxa (S), total rhosa (72-584 m), Scaeurgus unicirrhus
number of individuáis (N), richness of (38-549 m), Todaropsis eblanae (61-613 m)
Margalef (d), Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pteroctopus tetracirrhus (118-633 m).
(H') and Pielou's evenness Índices. Alloteuthis subulata, Octopus vulgaris and
(J)
The cumulative abundances were illus- Eledone moschata were found only on the
trated in order ofdominance as iOdomi- continental shelf. On the contrary,
nancecurves. Octopus salutii and Rossia macrosoma
m
were caughtatover200 ofdepth. His-
tioteuthis bonnelliiwas found exclusively
RESULTS inthe deepeststratum.
The dendrogram of all surveys (Fig.
Twenty-five species of cephalopods 1) showed three principal clusters: I,
were collected belonging to three orders inshore (<100 m); II, shelf (80 - 200 m)
and eightfamilies. InTable I the system- and III, slope (200 - 600 m). The coastal
atic list of species, drawn up according group was characterized by Loligo media
35
Iberus, 23 (1), 2005
TableI. Cephalopodspeciescapturedfrom 1995 to 1999ofFtheSouthernTyrrhenianSea,showing
theirdepthrangeandmeandepthofoccurrencewiththeassociatedstandarddeviation (SD).
TablaI. Especiesdecefalópodoscapturadasdesde1995a 1999enelmarTirreno meridional, indicando
surangodedistribución batimétrica,profundidadmediayladesviaciónestándarasociada (SD).
Min Max Media SD
CIgssCEPHALOPODACuvier, 1798
SubclassCOLEOIDEABather, 1888
OrderSEPIOIDEANaef, 1916
FamilySepiidaeLeach, 1817
GenusSepioÜnnaeus, 1758
SepiaofficinalisÜnnaeus, 1758 40 68 49.5 12.66
SepioorbignyonoFérussac¡nOrbigny, 1826 61 432 185.5 96.87
Sepioe/ego/tfBlainville, 1827 40 345 137.3 74.02
FamilySepiolidaeLeach, 1817
SubfamilySepiolinaeLeach, 1817
GenusSep/o/oLeach, 1817
SepiolorondeletiiLeach, 1817 110 395 276 115
GenusRondeletioloNaef, 1921
Rondeletiolominor(Naef, 1912) 117 297 207 127.28
SubfamilyRossiinaeAppellof, 1898
GenusRossiaOweninRoss, 1835
Rossiamocrosoma(DelleChiaie, 1830) 277 596 484.5 115.56
GenusNeorossioBoletzky, 1971
Neorossiocaroli(Joubin, 1902) 123 608 309 195.9
OrderTEUTHOIDEANaef, 1916
SuborderMYOPSIDAOrbygnyinFérussac&Orbigny, 1840
FamilyLoliginidaeLesueur, 1821
GenusLoligoLamarck, 1798
LoligovulgarisLamarck, 1798 18 294 75.72 72
LoligoforbesiSteenstrup, 1856 72 505 134.2 127.3
Loligomedio(Ünnaeus, 1758) 18 383 99.1 75.43
GenusAlloteuthisWulker, 1920
Alloteutbissubulata(Lamarck, 1798) 76 143 109.5 47.4
Suborder0EG0PSIDAOrbigny, 1845
FamilyEnoploteuthidaePfeffer, 1900
SubfamilyEnoploteuthinaePfeffer, 1900
GenusAbrolioGray, 1849
Abralioveronyi(Ruppell, 1844) 316 316 -
FamilyOnychoteuthidaeGray, 1847
GenusOnycboteutbisÜchtenstein, 1818
Onycboteutbisbanksii(Leach, 1817) 358 358 - -
GenusAncistroteutbisGray, 1849
Ancistroteutbislicbtensteinii(Férussac, 1839) 562 562 - -
FamilyHistioteuthidaeVerrill, 1881
GenusHistioteutbisOrbigny, 1840
Histioteutbisbonnellii(Férussac, 1834) 531 645 565.5 53.33
Histioteutbisreversa(Verrill, 1880) 383 652 565.3 89.4
FamilyOmmastrephidaeSteenstrup, 1857
SubfamilylllicinaePosselt, 1890
Genus///exSteenstrup, 1880
//kcoM/e///(Verany,1839) 60 593 213.7 128.7
36
8 )
GlORDANO ETAL.: Cephalopod assemblages along the SouthernTyrrhenian Sea
TableI. Continuación.
TablaI. Continuation.
Min Max Media SD
Genus TodaropsisGirard, 1890
Jodoropsiseblanoe(Ball, 1841 61 613 323.1 152.2
SufamilyTodarodinaeAdam, 1960
Genus TodarodesSteenstrup, 1880
Todarodessogittotvs(Lamarck, 1798) 114 593 438.5 154.69
Order0CT0P0DALeach, 181
SuborderINCIRRATAGrimpe, 1916
FamilyOctopodidaeOrbignyinFérussac&Orbigny, 1840
SubfamilyOctopodinaeOrbignyinFérussac&Orbigny, 1840
GenusOctopusCuvier, 1798
OctopusvulgorisCuvier, 1798 27 114 62.86 25.85
OctopussolutaVérany, 1836 295 432 374 70.87
GenusScaeurgusTroschel, 1857
Scaeurgusunichrhus(DelleChiajein
Férussac&Orbigny, 1840) 38 549 174.1 110.8
GenusPtemctopusP. Fischer, 1882
Pteroctopustetrocmhus(DelleChiaje, 1830) 118 633 353.8 147.83
SubfamilyEledoninaeGrimpe, 1921
GenusEledoneLeach, 1817
Eledonemoschato(Lamarck, 1798) 18 143 115.4 92.82
Eledonearrhoso(Lamarck, 1798) 72 584 200.4 119.87
and Loligo vulgaris. In the shelf group However, a trend was observed
(Table Ha) Illex coindetii and Loligo media accordingtothedepthasevidenced also
prevailed, followed by Sepia orbignyana, by the cumulative abundance curve, in
Sepia elegans and Scaeurgus unicirrhus. which the shelf group showed the
The slope group (Table Ilb) was charac- highest biodiversity and the midslope
terized by Todaropsis eblanae. The Multi- thelowest. Inthis lastgroup infactboth
dimensional Scaling analysis (30%: d and H' valúes recorded the lowest
Stress 0.15) also showed four groups, valúes (0.973and 1.063,respectively).
well discriminated by depth (Fig. 2). Finally the Evenness Q') valúes
There is also a midslope group (Fig. 3), ranged from 0.616 to 0.661. The higher
limited to a few hauls, in which Todaro- valué was recorded for the last cluster.
dessagittatuswastheprevalentspecies. Also in the second cluster this valué is
Analysing the univariate Índices quitehigh.
(Table III), elaborated for the four
groups, the highest biodiversity was
observed in the shelf. In this macrostra- DISCUSSIONANDCONCLUSIONS
tum, the highest valúes of Margalef and
Shannon-Wiener Índices were recorded The 25 cephalopod species distrib-
as well as the highestnumber of species uted in 8 families recorded in this study
and individuáis. The highest valúes of accounf for 42.4% of species reported
H' found at this bathymetrical level can fromthe Mediterranean (Mangoldand
be explained by the relative homogene- Boletzky, 1988; Guerra, 1992). Absent
ity in abundance of the most frequent were certain species of the Sepiolidae
species. family and pelagic species. In compari-
37
Iberus, 23 (1), 2005
TableHa. Indicatorspeciesandrelateddatafrom theSIMPERanalysis.Abbreviations:AA, average
abundance, contribution ofeach species in eachgroup;AT, average term, average Bray-Curtiscon-
tribución ofeach species to distinguish between groups.The ratio (AT/SD), thepercentage contri-
bution to the separation (%), and the cumulative percentage (Cum %) are shown for each group
comparison.
Tabla lia. Especies indicadorasy datos relacionados, según elanálisis SIMPER. Abreviaturas:AA,
abundanciapromedio, contribucióndecadaespecieen cada unodelosgrupos;Average Term (AT), con-
tribuciónpromedio deBray-Curtisdecada especieen ladiferenciación delosgrupos. Cadagrupo viene
definido, además,porlarelaciónAT/SD (ratio), lacontribuciónporcentual(%),yelporcentajeacumu-
lativodecadaespecie(Cum %).
Averagedissimilarity: 84.1 inshoreAA shelfAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
/. vulgaris 106.88 0.90 34.64 1.39 41.18 41.18
1. coinéetii 0.58 26.62 0.50 0.67 13.74 54.92
L vulgaris 18.88 0.02 0.47 1.03 13.22 68.13
S. elegans 0.05 0.41 0.28 0.71 7.70 75.83
S. orbignyana 0.00 8.86 5.69 0.53 6.77 82.6
S. unkirrhus 0.00 0.29 0.21 0.6 5.45 88.05
E. árhosa 0.05 0.13 0.13 0.6 3.57 91.62
Averagedissimilarity: 99 inshoreAA shelfAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
L media 106.88 0.00 47.82 1.48 48.3 48.3
L vulgaris 18.88 0.00 0.80 1.07 19.25 67.56
J. eblanae 0.00 0.46 9.70 0.64 9.8 77.35
Ptetracinhus 0.00 2.74 3.81 0.67 3.85 81.2
0. vulgaris 0.09 0.00 0.13 0.63 3.17 84.37
S. orbignyana 0.00 2.89 2.68 0.32 2.71 87.08
1. coinéetii 0.04 1.67 2.43 0.56 2.46 89.54
E. moscbata 2.00 0.19 2.37 0.76 2.39 91.93
Averagedissimilarity: 92.7 inshoreAA shelfAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
L medio 21.43 0.00 19.36 1.03 20.89 20.89
1. coindetii 26.62 1.67 17.55 0.82 18.94 39.83
S. elegans 9.57 0.00 10.85 0.82 11.71 51.54
S. orbignyana 8.86 2.89 10.51 0.69 11.34 62.88
J. eblanae 1.14 10.56 9.67 0.70 10.43 73.31
S. unicirrbus 6.54 0.85 7.77 0.69 8.38 81.69
E. cirrbosa 3.30 0.67 4.95 0.63 5.34 87.04
Ptetracirrbus 0.22 2.74 3.47 0.83 3.75 90.79
son, Tursiand D'Onghia (1992) caught In previous surveys of the study
24 species of cephalopods in the Ionian área before 1995 (Giordano and
Sea, D'Onghia etal. (1995) 29 species Perdichizzi, 1998), 32 species of
in the North Aegean Sea, Quetglas et cephalopods were identified. In general,
al. (2000) found 30 species in the a similar cephalopod distribution
Balearic Sea, Sánchez et al. (1998) pattern was observed from 1994-1995
found 36 species in the northern trawl surveys, but the sampling was
Tyrrhenian Sea and 47 in the Catalán carried out at a different period (in
Sea and Suriano etal. (2003) found 18 autumn) and with a different net (with
mm
species in the upper continental slope of 36 of stretched mesh). The species
Alicante (westernMediterranean). caught in the previous faunistic list in
the same área were: Sepiola affinis,
38
GlORDANO ETAL.: Cephalopod assemblages along the SouthernTyrrhenian Sea
TableIlb.
TablaIlb.
Averagedissimilarity: 100 ¡nshoreAA midslopeAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
L media 106.88 50.79 1.52 50.79 50.79
Lvulgaris 18.88 21.3 1.08 21.3 72.09
J.sagittatus 7 9.23 0.85 9.23 81.32
O.vulgaris 2.5 3.63 0.62 3.63 84.94
S.orbignyona 3.6 3.51 0.42 3.51 88.46
E.moschoto 2 2.61 0.74 2.61 91.07
Averagedissimilarity: 97.18 inshoreAA midslopeAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
L medio 21.43 20.96 1.05 21.57 21.57
l.coindetü 26.62 18.87 0.81 19.42 40.98
S.elegans 9.57 11.87 0.84 12.21 53.19
S. orbignyona 8.86 3.6 11.6 0.72 11.93 65.13
T.sagittahjs 0.16 7 8.66 0.99 8.91 74.04
S.unkirrhus 6.54 0.2 8.41 0.68 8.66 82.7
E.cirrhosa 3.3 5.64 0.61 5.8 88.5
E.moschoto 0.22 2.65 0.64 2.72 91.22
Averagedissimilarity: 92.38 inshoreAA midslopeAA AT Ratio % Cum (%)
J.eblanoe 10.56 23.25 0.95 25.17 25.17
I.sogittatus 0.3 7 21.55 1.3 23.33 48.5
P.tetrackfhus 2.81 0.4 11.48 0.96 12.42 60.92
S.orbignyona 2.22 3.6 10.36 0.57 11.21 72.14
Imacrosomo 0.19 1 6.78 0.6 7.34 79.48
l.coindetü 1.67 5.67 0.6 6.14 85.61
S.unkirrhus 0.85 0.2 3.49 0.57 3.78 89.39
E.cirrhosa 0.67 2.93 0.46 3.17 92.56
Sepiola ligulata, Sepiola robusta, Sepietta depth range of each species with mean
oweniana, Sepietta neglecta (Sepiolidae), depth and standard deviation are
Chiroteuthis veranil (Chiroteutidae) and reported in Table I. Eledone cirrhosa (32-
Bathypolypus sponsalis (Octopodidae). 584 m), Scaeurgus unicirrhus (38-549 m),
On-board observation of catches indi- Todaropsis eblanae (61-613 m), Sepia
cated that the demersal fauna sampled elegans (40-432 m), Loligo media (18-383
is strongly influenced by depth. The m) and Illex coindetii (60-593 m) showed
Table III. Univariate diversity indexes for each cluster. Abbreviations: S, number ofspecies; N,
numberofspecimens; d, richnessofMargalef;J, Pielou'sevenness; H', Shannon-Wienerdiversity.
Tabla III. índices univariados de diversidadde cadagrupo. Abreviaturas: S, número de especies; N,
número de ejemplares; d, riqueza según Margalef;J, uniformidadsegún Pielou; H\ diversidadde
Shannon-Wiener.
Cluster S N d J' h"
inshore 8 709 1.066 0.616 1.28
mi
shelf 15 1.812 0.652 1.765
slope 12 529 1.754 0.619 1.539
midslope 5 61 0.973 0.661 1.063
39
Iberus, 23 (1), 2005
A
m
18-80
V
m
196-283
D 204-600 m
m
<^> 366-585
Figure2. Multidimensionalscalingordinationanalysisforthefivesurveys.
Figura2.Análisisdeordenacióndeescalamiento multidimensionalparalascincocampañas.
a wide distribution range, extending up third group and Todarodes sagittatus for
tothecontinentalslope. thelastgroup.
During the present study four main
cephalopod groups were defined:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
inshore (10-100 m), shelf (101-200 m),
slope (201-600 m) and midslope (350-
600 m). Loligo media was the main We are grateful to Dr. Patrizia Jereb
species for the first group, Illex coindetii for helpful comments on the manu-
for the second, Todaropsis eblanae for the script.
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